著者
梅枝 愛郎
出版者
北関東医学会
雑誌
北関東医学 (ISSN:13432826)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.4, pp.375-381, 2010-11-01 (Released:2010-12-16)
参考文献数
3

診療における最初の重要な判断である診断について考察した. その思考過程では, まず問診・診察・検査などで患者情報を収集し, これらを整理, 分析して帰納的に仮診断を立てること (仮説法) が行われる. 次に, 確立されている疾患を大前提とし, 仮診断 (小前提) がこれに適っていること, 正しいことを演繹的論証で導くが, その際には三段論法を用いていることが多い. この診断体系を仮説演繹法というが, その仕組みと健全性を検証した. 多くの医師は無意識にこの診断過程を辿っていると思われるが, この体系や三段論法について理解・認識している者は少ないようである. また, 診断における論理について解説した書もあまり見当たらない. 本稿では, 症例を提示しながら診断の理論体系について考察したが, とりわけ仮診断とこれを導く帰納的推論の重要性を述べ, その為の情報収集と分析の技術・知識と経験の大切さについて言及した.
著者
荒 奏美 三上 かつら 三上 修
出版者
日本鳥学会
雑誌
日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.1, pp.43-51, 2019-04-23 (Released:2019-05-14)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
1

ハシボソガラスは,硬い殻に包まれたオニグルミの種子を食べるために,しばしば車に轢かせて割る.この行動は,車という人間の作り出した道具を利用する点で興味深い行動である.しかし,これに関する研究は1990年代に仙台市で研究されて以来行われていない.そこで本研究では,2016年の10–12月に函館市内において,この行動の観察を行い,仙台市で観察された行動と比較した.その結果,仙台市で観察されたクルミ割り行動とはいくつかの違いが見られた.特に大きな違いは設置方法についてであった.仙台では信号に止まった車の前にクルミを置く行動が観察されていた.これはクルミを割るには効率的な方法と思われる.しかし本研究の観察では,ハシボソガラスは電線などの高い所からクルミを落として設置していた.函館市におけるハシボソガラスのクルミ割り行動は仙台市の事例に比較するとまだ効率化が進んでいないと推測された.この違いをもたらす要因として,環境条件およびクルミの状態の違いなどが考えられた.
著者
小林 登
出版者
日本哲学会
雑誌
哲学 (ISSN:03873358)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1963, no.13, pp.16-30, 1963-03-31 (Released:2009-07-23)

3 0 0 0 放送教育

出版者
日本放送教育協会
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37(4), no.400, 1982-07
著者
大野 敦子 佐久川 千津子 矢田 幸博
出版者
日本生理人類学会
雑誌
日本生理人類学会誌 (ISSN:13423215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.2, pp.23-32, 2020-05-25 (Released:2020-05-25)
参考文献数
24

We have previously reported black tea aroma exhibits a sedative effect by suppressing sympathetic nerve activity and elevating parasympathetic nerve activity. Enhancement of sleep quality is also expected from the sedative effect of this aroma. The effect of black tea aroma on sleep in 20 women with high stress consciousness and sleep disorders; was evaluated in this study using data collected from questionnaires and physical activity measured over a 14 day test period. Psychological effects of reduced stress consciousness were improvement in sleep quality, and greater satisfaction with ease in falling and staying asleep; while physiological data showed reduced sleep latency, an increase in total sleep time, and a significant increase in sleep efficiency. These results strongly suggest black tea aroma improves overall sleep.
著者
羽場 久美子
出版者
日本政治学会
雑誌
年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.2, pp.2_174-2_193, 2010 (Released:2016-02-24)
参考文献数
29

In the 21st century, there is a remarkable growth in the people's movement, especially in women service workers' movement; namely, sometimes trafficked illegal sex workers, through forced, violent, and fraud means. These are the most persecuted people (young girls and children) among the winners and losers under Globalization, and they are always restocked for the people's enjoyment from poor countries' women and children. By the liberalization of the borders movement for Globalization and the end of the Cold War, almost 190 million people are immigrants in the world in 2005, and half of them are women (49.6%) under the service sector. Many of women's immigrants engage the service work, like waitress, cleaning woman, domestic worker and nanny. Around one third or half of them are illegal immigrants.   So called Human Trafficking, as the illegal people's trade by the world criminal organization, forced and deceived young girls to sex work. At the early of the 21st century, 4 million people are trafficked every year, and 500 thousand young girls only in Europe were sacrificed in Europe each year. It completely neglects the Human Rights or Human Security and Human dignities.   Japan is one of the highest destination countries of the Trafficking in Asia, but for a long time Japanese government did not try to solve these trafficking situation. United Nations and US State Department warned the reformation of the situation.   In this article the author would like to investigate the structural causes of Trafficking in the world and compare the trafficking situation as well as policies between the EU and Japan.
著者
鹿毛 剛
出版者
一般社団法人 日本真空学会
雑誌
Journal of the Vacuum Society of Japan (ISSN:18822398)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.9, pp.330-333, 2015 (Released:2015-09-29)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1

The unique properties of diamond like carbon (DLC) film, including its chemical inertness and impermeability, make it possible for new applications in food and beverage.   In this paper, I summarize and review the recent progress of gas barrier enhancement of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles for beverage from the view point of the application of DLC coating.   A unique technique of plasma CVD method has been developed to deposit DLC layer on the inside surface of PET bottles. The DLC-coated PET bottle exhibits extremely high gas barrier properties against oxygen, carbon dioxide and flavors compared to conventional bottles.   For the practical use of PET bottles as a commodity, high speed and low cost coating are essential; accordingly several high speed coating machines with a capacity of up to 18000 bottles per hour have been developed, and successfully operated so far for a large production of soft drink. Low speed machines have also been introduced for wine, Japanese sake, edible oil, seasonings and others.

3 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1929年02月18日, 1929-02-18

3 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1917年10月25日, 1917-10-25

3 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1942年01月08日, 1942-01-08

3 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1932年12月08日, 1932-12-08

3 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1926年06月02日, 1926-06-02

3 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1938年11月24日, 1938-11-24

3 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1918年07月05日, 1918-07-05
著者
Jonathan R. Church Jógvan Magnus Haugaard Olsen Igor Schapiro
出版者
The Biophysical Society of Japan
雑誌
Biophysics and Physicobiology (ISSN:21894779)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.e201007, (Released:2023-01-24)
被引用文献数
1

Multiscale simulations have been established as a powerful tool to calculate and predict excitation energies in complex systems such as photoreceptor proteins. In these simulations the chromophore is typically treated using quantum mechanical (QM) methods while the protein and surrounding environment are described by a classical molecular mechanics (MM) force field. The electrostatic interactions between these regions are often treated using electrostatic embedding where the point charges in the MM region polarize the QM region. A more sophisticated treatment accounts also for the polarization of the MM region. In this work, the effect of such a polarizable embedding on excitation energies was benchmarked and compared to electrostatic embedding. This was done for two different proteins, the lipid membrane-embedded jumping spider rhodopsin and the soluble cyanobacteriochrome Slr1393g3. It was found that the polarizable embedding scheme produces absorption maxima closer to experimental values. The polarizable embedding scheme was also benchmarked against expanded QM regions and found to be in qualitative agreement. Treating individual residues as polarizable recovered between 50% and 71% of the QM improvement in the excitation energies, depending on the system. A detailed analysis of each amino acid residue in the chromophore binding pocket revealed that aromatic residues result in the largest change in excitation energy compared to the electrostatic embedding. Furthermore, the computational efficiency of polarizable embedding allowed it to go beyond the binding pocket and describe a larger portion of the environment, further improving the results.