著者

兵頭 慎治

出版者

国際安全保障学会

雑誌

国際安全保障 (ISSN:13467573)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.51-67, 2018-06-30 (Released:2022-03-14)

著者

中嶋 哲也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13097, (Released:2014-10-15)

参考文献数

70

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This study investigates the emergence of the concept of “sportification of judo” in Japan, focusing on the process of “student judo” in relation to the competition between the First Higher School (“Ichikoh”) and the Second Higher School (“Nikoh”) in 1918, up until formation of the Association of Judo by the Four Imperial Universities in 1928. Jigorō Kanō, the father of judo, was dissatisfied that Nikoh had overused ground techniques against Ichikoh in 1918, and in June 1924, Kodokan published a revised set of umpiring rules to control the use of ground techniques in student judo.   However, Tsunetane Oda, the manager of Nikoh judo club, criticized Kanō, and advocated that ground techniques were a valid combat method. Oda finally compromised, because Takeshi Sakuraba, one of Kanō's best pupils, refuted Oda's proposal. However, it was the first time that Kodokan had been publicly criticized by someone concerned with student judo, and this seems to have been a trigger for student judo to become independent from Kodokan.   In parallel with the emergence of the democracy movement after World War I, Judo came to be regarded as extremely outmoded, and judo practitioners began to place more emphasis on theory rather than actual competition. Kanō interceded with the Tokyo Gakusei Judo Rengōkai (Tokyo Student Judo Association, “TGJR”), and in 1924 persuaded the TGJR to let their umpire rules reflect the revised umpire rules. However, the Imperial University of Tokyo (IUT) rebelled against this movement, and left the TGJR. The IUT then appealed to each of the Imperial Universities, and held the Teidai Taikai (the Four Imperial Universities Competition, “FIUC”) to encourage nationwide spread of the Kosen Judo Taikai (National High School and Vocational School Judo Competition, which was hosted by Kyoto Imperial University, “KJT”). The Imperial University Judo Association, which hosted the FIUC, then abandoned the combat characteristics that were advocated by Kodokan, with the aim of representing judo as a “sport”.   One of the reasons why Kibisaburō Sasaki criticized Kodokan was that he had been treated coldly by Kanō and Kyūzō Mifune at the Shūki Kōhaku Shiai (a contest between two Kodokan groups) in November 1922, because he had used ground techniques frequently. Moreover, Sasaki as a member of the IUT judo club had experienced the withdrawal of the IUT from the TGJR, and the holding of the FIUC. Therefore, Sasaki criticized Kodokan while student judo was being organized. Sasaki claimed that “sportification” did not confer any new value on the principles of Kodokan judo. Kanō criticized the over-use of ground techniques by KJT and the FIUC, which lacked a combat system. However, Sasaki considered that Kanō's opinion was a long-established custom, and insisted that the FIUC was a sports competition. Thus, the claim made by Sasaki meant that the FIUC had become independent from Kodokan judo.

出版者

国民文庫刊行会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.経子史部 第7巻, 1932

著者

宮本 勝浩 Katsuhiro Miyamoto

出版者

同志社大学人文科学研究所

雑誌

社会科学 = The Social Science(The Social Sciences) (ISSN:04196759)

巻号頁・発行日

no.54, pp.96-116, 1995-01-31

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論説

出版者

日本環境動物昆虫学会

雑誌

環動昆 (ISSN:09154698)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.23-34, 1996 (Released:2016-08-04)

被引用文献数

3

著者

木村 正樹

出版者

社団法人 大阪生活衛生協会

雑誌

生活衛生 (ISSN:05824176)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.271-274, 1995-09-30 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

6

著者

堀木克三 著

出版者

秀英社

巻号頁・発行日

1966

著者

林本 奏汰 林本 厚志

出版者

長野工業高等専門学校

雑誌

長野工業高等専門学校紀要 (ISSN:18829155)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.1-7, 2020-06-30

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The relations among perimeter, area and volume of convex polyhedron or convex polygons in Euclidean and non-Euclidean spaces are studied. They are parametrized by the radius of their inscribed circles. The derivative of the area of convex polyhedron with respect to the radius is equal to the perimeter of it. Similar relations hold for the volume and the area in Euclidean space and for the area and the perimeter in non-Euclidean space.

著者

大蘇芳年 画

出版者

井上茂兵ヱ

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, 1880

著者

久保天随 著

出版者

積善館

巻号頁・発行日

1913

著者

伊藤 修一

出版者

東北地理学会

雑誌

季刊地理学 (ISSN:09167889)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.107-121, 2003-06-30 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

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本研究では, 千葉県の都市名とその位置の認知要因の解明を試みた。調査は千葉市の中学生に実施し, 309人から有効回答を得た。千葉県内の31都市の名称とその認知理由, その位置について調査した。その結果, 名称と位置の認知はともに, 基本的に居住地からの距離減衰傾向を示すことが明らかとなった。さらに, 名称と位置の認知率をそれぞれ被説明変数とした重回帰分析結果は, 名称と位置の認知ともに, 経路距離が最大の影響力を示している。実際に, 生徒は生活圏外の都市名を身近な人から都市名を認知しており, 身近な人からの情報が少ない県の北西部の都市はあまり認知されていない。また, 南房総などの観光地を抱える都市は, 居住地からの距離の割に訪問を通じて認知されており, これらの例外的な都市がその距離減衰傾向を弱めている。位置認知では, 県域の末端的位置による視覚的効果が大きく影響しているが, 面積や市界線の形状といった他の視覚的効果の影響は弱い。これは, 生徒が地図を利用する際に市界線を意識していないことに関係している可能性が高い。この結果は, 都市の名称と位置がそれぞれ異なる影響を受け, 異なる過程を経て認知されていることを表している。

著者

堀内 正昭 Masaaki HORIUCHI

出版者

昭和女子大学近代文化研究所

雑誌

昭和女子大学近代文化研究所紀要 = Bulletin of the Institute of Modern Culture, Showa Women’s University (ISSN:24369128)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.1-43, 2022-01-01

著者

Takuya Ohba Shinichi Domoto Miyu Tanaka Shinsuke Nakamura Masamitsu Shimazawa Hideaki Hara

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.7, pp.1140-1145, 2019-07-01 (Released:2019-07-01)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

5 7

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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is characterized by disabling fatigue of at least 6 months, in addition to symptoms such as muscle pain and muscle weakness. There is no treatment provides long-term benefits to most patients. Recently, clinical research suggested the involvement of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in ME/CFS. PDH is a crucial enzyme in the mitochondria matrix that links glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. However, it is little known whether PDH could be a therapeutic target. The purpose of this study was to establish ME/CFS in mice and to investigate the involvement of PDH in ME/CFS. To induce the chronic fatigue in mice, a repeated forced swimming test was conducted. To evaluate fatigue, we measured immobility time in forced swimming test and starting time of grooming. An open field test was conducted on day 8. After 25 d of the forced swimming test, the mitochondrial fraction in gastrocnemius muscle was isolated and PDH activity was measured. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of PDH activation by administering sodium dichloroacetate (DCA). In ME/CFS mice group, the immobility time and starting time of grooming increased time-dependently. In addition, the moved distance was decreased in ME/CFS mice. PDH activity was decreased in the mitochondrial fraction of the gastrocnemius muscle of the forced swimming group. DCA treatment may be beneficial in preventing fatigue-like behavior in ME/CFS. These findings indicate that ME/CFS model was established in mice and that a decrease in mitochondrial PDH activity is involved with the symptom of ME/CFS.

著者

川村 大地 横山 真男

雑誌

第78回全国大会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2016, no.1, pp.463-464, 2016-03-10

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和音の機能にはトニック(T)、ドミナント(D)、サブドミナント(SD)の3つの働きがあり、西洋音楽のルールとして進行するものが決まっている。しかしなぜ限定進行音が主和音に解決するのか分かっていない。本研究ではCメジャーコードを聴かせた後、C〜Bの7種類の単音を聴かせ、続けて半音含めたC〜Bの12種類の単音をピアノのMIDI音源と純音を聴き比べてもらい、アンケートをとった(1オクターブ内に収めた、7×12の84通り)。今回は楽器の演奏経験や楽典の知識の有無でどの様な知覚的な差があるのかという点に着目した。

著者

関東旅行クラブ編輯部 編

出版者

六合館

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第1輯, 1931

著者

博文館編輯局 編

出版者

博文館

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第3巻, 1941

著者

松井 龍吉 小林 祥泰

出版者

The Japan Society for Oriental Medicine

雑誌

日本東洋医学雑誌 (ISSN:02874857)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.339-344, 2006-05-20 (Released:2010-03-12)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 2

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再発した胸水貯留に対し, 五苓散を投与したところ胸水の著明な減少と再発が見られなくなった症例を経験した。症例は61歳男性。うっ血生心不全, 大動脈弁閉鎖不全症, アルコール性肝障害などにて外来治療中であった。●●●●●●うっ血性心不全の急性増悪にて胸水が貯留。胸腔ドレーン留置などにより胸水は消失するが, 再度貯留し当院入院。入院後よりそれまでの内服薬を変更することなく, 五苓散を追加投与したところ胸水が消失し全身の浮腫性変化も見られなくなった。さらにその後も胸水の再貯留も見られていない。五苓散はいわゆる「水滞」を基盤にした種々の疾患に対し, 口渇, 尿不利を目標に投与される方剤である。急性疾患において血管内脱水と消化管の余分の水分のアンバランスを是正する処方であり,本例においても単なる利尿のみでなく, 利水として何らかの水分調節作用を示したと考えられた。

著者

竹内 勇剛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ロボット学会

雑誌

日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.9, pp.850-853, 2013 (Released:2013-12-15)

参考文献数

6

著者

年方 [画]

出版者

秋山武右衛門

巻号頁・発行日

1893

著者

築舘 香澄 青江 誠一郎 明渡 陽子 大森 正司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.6, pp.293-299, 2012-06-15 (Released:2013-10-10)

参考文献数

27

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmission compound found in the vertebrate brain. GABA has recently been attracting attention as a functional food with its anti-stress effect. However, the bioactive mechanisms of dietary GABA have not been fully clarified. We investigated in this study the biosynthesis and catabolism of GABA in the liver and brain of rats under repeated stress and GABA administration. After repeated restraint stress (16 hours a day for 7 days a week), a decrease in the liver weight and food intake were apparent. In addition, the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65 gene expression was significantly increased in the liver, and the GABA concentrations in the liver and plasma were also significantly increased. In contrast, when GABA (100mg/100g of body weight) was orally administered to the rats, while the concentrations of GABA in the liver and plasma were significantly increased, the mRNA expression of GAD and GABA transaminase (GABA-T) remained unchanged.These results show that, under repetitive stress for 7 days, GABA biosynthesis in the liver was enhanced, and then the GABA concentrations in the liver and plasma increased. While dietary GABA resulted in an increase in GABA concentrations in the liver and plasma, it did not affect the gene expression of the enzymes responsible for GABA biosynthesis and catabolism. The GABA concentration in the brain was unaffected by GABA administration and stress application, and remained constant.