著者

大路 樹生 千葉 聡 遠藤 一佳 棚部 一成

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

一般研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

1993

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棘皮動物はカンブリア紀以来現在まで生存する無脊椎動物の一門である。この門を特徴づけるもっとも明確な形質は、成体における五放射相称性であろう。この特徴がいつ頃から、どのように進化し、どのような機能的意義を持っていたのかを、古生物学的、発生学的、また分子生物学的な側面から検討することが本研究の目的である。1.化石記録からの検討 先カンブリア紀後期のTribrachidiumが三放射相称であることから、棘皮動物の対称性は三放射が起源であるとする考えもある。しかしTribrachidiumが棘皮動物であるかは疑わしい。カンブリア紀の棘皮動物にはすでに5本の歩帯溝が存在し、五放射のパターンが生じているのが分かる。この歩帯溝はまず3本に分かれ、そのうち2本がさらに2本に分岐し、計5本になるという、2-1-2のパターンを示している。このパターンはその後の棘皮動物にも広く見られ、本来五放射相称は2-1-2パターンから進化したと考えるのが妥当と思われる。2.発生学的検討 五放射相称が最初に現れるのは、水管系の形成において外側に5つの突起が作られる際であり、このことが五放射相称性の起源を考える上で重要である。今後水管系が発生の際にいかに作られていくかを詳細に観察することにより、先程の三放射と五放射の議論にも有益な示唆が得られるものであろう。3.分子生物学的検討 五放射相称性がどのような遺伝子に制御され作られているのかについては、現在全く分かっていない。生物のかたち作りにおける重要性を考えると、ホメオ遺伝子が五放射相称性の形成になんらかの形で関与していることが疑われる。そこで本研究では、ホメオボックス部分のDNAプライマーを作成し、ウニ類のホメオボックスを、PCR法により増幅することを試みた。その結果、エゾバフンウニにおいて目的とするDNA断片が増幅された。現在ホメオ遺伝子の発現と五放射相称性の形成との関係を調べつつある。

著者

植村 善博

出版者

佛教大学歴史学部

雑誌

歴史学部論集 (ISSN:21854203)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.1-18, 2014-03

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The Kitatajima earthquake (M=6.8) hit at 11:10 a.m. May 23, 1925, and caused vast devastation of Toyookacho and Kinosakicho located on alluvial plain of River Maruyama,Northern Hyogo Prefecture.This happened in about one year and nine months after 1925 Kanto and before 1927 Kitatango earthquakes. This paper is aimed at discussing the cause of seismic damage and reconstruction process of Toyookacho from view point of comparison with 1925 and 1927 earthquakes. Conclusions are summarized as the followings: 1)Judged from degree and distribution of damaged houses, seismic intensity of the town was 6 degree, but Nagai located on newly reclaimed land and Odai located on abandonned channel were experienced up to 6high degree by more severe shaking resulted from soft ground. 2)Prefectural authorities quickly coped with rescue and temporal recovery,and claimed local governments to widen main roads and to perform land readjustment based on the lesson learned from Kanto earthquake. 3)Toyookacho tried to perform town planning of urban area by way of cultivated land reajustment,but was failed in it by strong opposition of landowners and temples. As a result, there had been left broad area with irregular and narrow roads 4)Reconstruction of Toyookacho is characterized by some remarkable achievements as follows. (1) As a street in front of station,Daikai Street (old Nagai douri)was widened 14.4m width with sidewalk and roadside tree both sides. (2)The civic center where city hall,post office,police station,tax office and firehouse were newly rebuilt,was completed as the only one example of reconstruction in Japan.(3)New anti-fire concrete buildings were encouraged, and there are many concrete buildings with unique design that are evaluated as cultural asset located along Daikai and Motomachi Streets.5)In Kitatango earthquake, Mineyamacho firstly decided widenning the roads in urban area instead of abandonment land readjustment. But, Aminoku of Aminocho was perfectly achieved land readjustment of residence area by way of cultivated land adjustment. These should be reflected the lesson learned from reconstruction process of Toyookacho in Kitatajima earthquake.seismic damagereconstruction processToyookacho1925 Kitatajima earthquake

著者

Guihua ZHANG Nobuya SHIRAI Tomoyuki HIGUCHI Hiramitsu SUZUKI Eiji SHIMIZU

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.6, pp.476-481, 2007 (Released:2008-01-18)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2 3

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The effect of Erabu sea snake (Laticauda semifasciata) lipids on the swimming endurance was investigated in aged mice. Fifty three-week-old male Crlj:CD-1 (ICR) mice were fed one of three experimental diets containing either 6% lard, 6% fish oil, or 6% sea snake lipids for 16 wk. The swimming exercise was carried out in an acrylic plastic tank filled with 25 cm of water maintained at 23oC. Swimming times to exhaustion were measured with a load of 2% of their body weights attached to the tails of the mice. The swimming times to exhaustion of the group that were fed the sea snake lipid diet tended to be longer than those of the lard diet group, and were significantly improved compared with the fish oil diet group (p<0.05). The plasma and muscle lactate levels were significantly lower in the sea snake lipid diet group than in the lard and fish oil diet groups (p<0.05). The liver glycogen and plasma glucose levels of the sea snake lipid diet group did not differ markedly from those of the lard diet group (p>0.05), and were significantly higher than those of the fish oil diet group (p<0.05). These results suggest that an intake of sea snake lipids but not the fish oil, which is also rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), is useful for improving the swimming endurance of aged mice by attenuating lactate production and/or enhancing lactate clearance during swimming exercise, and the n-3 PUFAs contained in the sea snake lipids did little or nothing for this improved endurance.

著者

佐藤紅霞 著

出版者

文藝資料硏究會

巻号頁・発行日

1929

著者

管楽研究会 編著

出版者

シンフオニー楽譜出版社

巻号頁・発行日

1938

著者

小倉 希美

出版者

岩手大学語文学会

雑誌

岩大語文 (ISSN:09191127)

巻号頁・発行日

no.19, pp.42-48, 2014-07-05

著者

政次 カレン

出版者

活水女子大学

雑誌

活水論文集. 健康生活学部編 (ISSN:18807720)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, pp.99-113, 2016-03-31

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Since 2011, 3rd year students studying Early Childhood English Education at Kwassui Women'sUniversity have been carrying out a Halloween party at Fukahori elementary school inNagasaki city. Part of a wider longitudinal study, this is a preliminary report on the impact ofthe 2015 party on the 3rd and 4th graders who participated both in 2014 and 2015. The resultsshow that this kind of play-based event may have positive effects on the children's attitude toEnglish.

著者

熊沢 彩子

出版者

日本音楽学会

雑誌

音楽学 (ISSN:00302597)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.15-29, 2012-10-15 (Released:2017-04-03)

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Etenraku, arranged for orchestra by the two brothers Naomaro and Hidemaro KONOYE, was one of the most frequently performed Japanese orchestral pieces in the world before World War II. The aim of this study is to investigate the musical arrangement of Etenraku and performances conducted by Hidemaro during the 1930s and 1940s. Two noteworthy differences are found from a comparison of Naomaro's manuscript (Manuscript version), possibly completed before 1930, and the Ryuginsha published version (Ryuginsha version) edited by Hidemaro in 1935. First, in the Manuscript version, the original gagaku instruments are replaced by similar types of orchestral instruments, while the Ryuginsha version does not always adhere to the original instruments and pursues a variety of tone colors. Second, the ending of the Manuscript version is based on the original piece with its typical ending gagaku phrase, whereas the Ryuginsha version shortens the original ending phrase and adds extra notes to finish the piece. According to Hidemaro this alteration was intended to appeal to the musical taste of European audiences. A survey of Hidemaro's performances in Europe reveals that Etenraku was often mentioned with relation to the nobleness of Hidemaro's pedigree and the long-established tradition of the original piece, rather than providing an evaluation of the music or performances themselves. In addition, by examining the handwritten notes in the orchestral parts used by Hidemaro, the author identifies exact performance locations during the 1930s and 1940s, demonstrating that Etenraku was performed mostly in Germany and surrounding countries. Through these analyses the author concludes that the KONOYE brothers transcribed Etenraku for orchestra with a strong concern about the reaction from Western audiences, and points out that its performances in Europe were possibly related to the political and diplomatic situation of Japan at that time.

著者

仙台税務監督局 [編]

出版者

仙台税務監督局

巻号頁・発行日

1920

著者

増田 竜司

出版者

社団法人 日本写真学会

雑誌

日本写真学会誌 (ISSN:03695662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.1, pp.6-9, 2014 (Released:2015-02-26)

参考文献数

6

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博物館等では,資料の保存や展示場所の空気質を適切に保つため,ケミカルフィルタを用いて環境管理を行っている.一方,三酢酸セルロースフィルムは劣化の進行に伴い酢酸を放散して自己分解することが知られている.本報では,博物館での管理手法をもとに,フィルム保存のためのケミカル対策について提案する.

著者

近藤 泰弘 小磯 花絵 高木 千恵 森山 由紀子 遠藤 織枝 荻野 綱男 加藤 大鶴

出版者

日本語学会

雑誌

日本語の研究 (ISSN:13495119)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.49-55, 2021-04-01 (Released:2021-10-01)

参考文献数

11

著者

有田 隆也

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.73-91, 2000-11-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

17

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Adaptation is an essential characteristic of living organisms, which can be grasped clearly by formulating the concept of dynamic fitness-landscapes. We constructed minimal models whose behavior depends on linguistic interaction between individuals and conducted computational experiments based on a constructive approach so as to capture realistic images of dynamic fitness-landscapes. Then, we focused on the effects of phenotypic plasticity on the adaptive walk on complex fitness-landscapes by conducting computational experiments. The results of the computational experiments suggested a new image of adaptation of living organisms.

著者

一柳一 著

出版者

社会春秋社出版部

巻号頁・発行日

1929

著者

等々力 政彦

出版者

大谷大学真宗総合研究所

雑誌

真宗総合研究所研究紀要 (ISSN:13432753)

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, pp.49-63, 2012

出版者

日本宝飾時報社

巻号頁・発行日

1930

著者

附田 鎭厦

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.5-6, pp.133-145,A11, 1955 (Released:2010-11-19)

参考文献数

16

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1950年から1952年間における現存日本人成人男女(満20才~60才)の頭部形質を全国的資料に基つき,環境別並びに地方別分類研究の結果,次の如き成績をえた.1)頭長は農村,山村,漁村へと都市から遠ざかるにつれて大を示し,町は短い.頭幅はこれに反し,町が最も広く,農,山,漁村は,概して狹い.従つて,町は最も短頭型を呈し,農,山,漁村は,比較して順次長頭に傾いている.頭高も概して町が高く,農山村は低い.2)近畿地方人は,頭長短く,頭幅並びに頭高大にして,最も短頭且つ高頭型を示し,これを遠ざかる東北,北陸,九州地方人は比較して長頭且つ低頭である.その中間に位置する中国,四国,関東地方人は,頭径においても,その中間を占め,比較的短頭型に属する.3)これらを10年乃至20年前の先人の成績に比較すると,その間多少の異変はあるが.頭長において約1.5mm内外の短縮が認められ,頭幅,頭高においては若干の伸長はあるが大差がない.4)対馬島民の頭形は島村漁民でありながら町型に類似しており,九州地方に近接していながら,近畿地方人に近似した頭型を示している.これは特異な現象で所謂,種族差を表示せるものと認められる.5)頭部三径の分布偏差は,頭高が最も大を示し,頭幅が最も小である.而してそのいづれの項目に於ても,環境差よりも地方差の方が大である.6)頭径並びに頭形が文化環境或は知的能力とも密接な関係がある.広頭並びに高頭は,文化圏により親近性を有し,狹頭且つ低頭は,より文化に遠ざかつていることは略々推定される.7)アジア諸民族との比較においては,頭長はその平均値において,中間より稍々大を示しており,他の各径は略々中等位にあるが,その分布幅は広く,いづれの種族とも相交錯しておる.比較を試みるならば,近畿地方人は朝鮮人に最も類似しており,中国,四国,関東の諸地方人は,中国人に近似し,東北,北陸,九州の末端地方はアイヌ人のそれに近いということができる.

著者

Mizuki Konagaya Teruo Ohsawa Takaya Inoue Toshinari Mito Hideki Kato Kazuhiro Kawamoto

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-041, (Released:2021-10-27)

被引用文献数

1

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To develop offshore wind energy, we investigated nearshore wind conditions, notably the land–sea contrast, using the coastal area of Mutsu-Ogawara, Aomori Prefecture as a case study. We found that wind conditions were substantially different between onshore (MT-A1) and offshore (MT-B) sites, even when the latter were only 1.5 km apart. The mean wind speed at 55 m above sea level at MT-B was higher than that at the onshore site by up to 20% monthly and 12% annually. For winds from the landward side, the Iref value (turbulence intensity at a mean wind speed of 15 m/s) at MT-B was 37% lower than that at MT-A1. Because such high wind speeds and low turbulence conditions are preferable for the operation of wind turbines, an offshore wind farm would have advantageous wind conditions, even if placed close to the coastline. Moreover, we found that the land–sea contrast is caused not only by mechanical factors, such as roughness length, but also by thermodynamic factors such as seasonal variations of atmospheric stability over land and sea.

著者

Yoshifumi Ota Miho Sekiguchi Yousuke Sato

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-040, (Released:2021-10-26)

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A three-dimensional (3D) atmospheric radiative transfer (RT) model based on the Monte Carlo method was developed to evaluate the cloud-resolving radiation budget. The simulation data of stratocumulus (open and closed cell types) stimulated by a large eddy simulation model were used to obtain a detailed cloud field dataset at different spatial resolutions between 100 m and 1 km orders. By applying the 3D RT model offline to a multiscale cloud field dataset, the 3D distribution and magnitude of the solar radiative heating rate were estimated for each spatial resolution. The results showed that the magnitude of the local solar radiative heating effect significantly changes in the range of spatial resolution between 100 m and 1 km. The solar radiative heating rate can reach 6 K/hr locally in the case of the spatial resolution at 100-m order, whereas it is approximately 1 K/hr at most in the case of the spatial resolution at 1-km order. However, the domain-averaged values of the solar radiative heating rates were almost invariant at different spatial resolutions. The results indicate that a radiation scheme for the cloud-resolving model needs to be constructed while considering spatial resolutions, along with cloud parameterization.

出版者

京都大学西洋古典研究会

巻号頁・発行日

2001-01-31

著者

原田 信一

出版者

駒澤大学

雑誌

駒澤大學文學部研究紀要 (ISSN:04523636)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.147-194, 1994-03