著者
竹内 俊夫
出版者
公益社団法人 日本化学会
雑誌
化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.1, pp.31-35, 1991-02-20 (Released:2017-07-13)

宝石ブームだそうである。日本での宝石全体の販売金額は2兆6000億円, とある雑誌に書いてあった。そしていまに金余りの日本は, アメリカを抜いて世界の宝石大国になるのではともいわれている。そういわれてみると, ほとんどの女の人の指に指環が光っている。全財産ではないかと思われるほど, 左右の指に何個もはめている人もいる。しかし宝石の歴史や性質, その美しさの要因を知っている人は少ない。宝石を通して自然の鉱物の美しさを知って欲しいと思う。実験室でできるめのうの着色についてもふれておいた。
著者
Yoshimune Nonomura Mitsuki Omori Kei Kikuchi
出版者
Japan Oil Chemists' Society
雑誌
Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.ess22333, (Released:2023-01-11)
被引用文献数
1

The friction characteristics of foaming body cleansers determine skin physical irritation, as well as the usability of the products. In this study, the friction of foam formed by a commercial body cleanser was evaluated using a sinusoidal-motion friction evaluation system. The friction profile of the foam was a hydrodynamic stable pattern, where the friction force increased with increasing velocity. In addition, soapbased cleansers, containing polyols, showed large friction coefficients. These properties suggest that the mechanical properties of the interfacial film and viscosity of the cleanser bulk affect friction properties. These findings assist in controlling the texture of body cleansers.
著者
内藤 裕子 Yuko Naito
出版者
関西外国語大学・関西外国語大学短期大学部
雑誌
研究論集 = Journal of inquiry and research (ISSN:03881067)
巻号頁・発行日
no.110, pp.193-202, 2019-09

第十二代景行天皇の時代にまとめられた五七の長歌で書かれたヲシテ文献である「ホツマツタヱ」と「ミカサフミ」の第一章に、アワウタが出てくる。アワウタは五七・四行の四十八文字でできた歌で、「アカハナマ」で始まり、それを並べると四十八音図ができる。カミヨ六代の時代に、国が乱れて言葉も通じにくくなった。七代目を継いだイサナギとイサナミは、タミの言葉を整えてクニを立て直すために、上の二十四声をイサナギが、下の二十四声をイサナミが、楽器に合わせて歌い、農業や機織りも指導しながら全国を巡ったという。このアワウタで大人も子供も言葉を整えたというだけあって、音声学的にも驚くべき工夫があった。共通語として、日本語の拍の感覚を習得すると同時に、それぞれの母音と子音の発音の仕方を身に付けるのに最適な形になっているなどの知恵がつまっている。そして、縄文哲学における重要な概念をも示している。
著者
森 園子
出版者
一般社団法人 数学教育学会
雑誌
数学教育学会誌 (ISSN:13497332)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.1-2, pp.1-13, 2017 (Released:2020-04-21)

現在,我が国の大学生の数学学力は低下傾向にあり,さまざまな問題を抱えている。この傾向 は,私立大学文系学部に特に著しい。このような問題の背景には,①入試における数学の取り扱 い,②高校の履修内容で,必修は数学Ⅰまたは数学基礎のみであり,数学Ⅱ以降の内容が不徹底 となりがちな傾向がある事などが,その要因として挙げられる。また,経済・社会系学部で必要 とされる数学の内容と,入試に課される数学の内容・範疇において齟齬が見られる事も,新に浮 かび上がってきている。本稿では,上記の観点からフランスの数学教育について訪問調査した結 果を述べ,振り返って我が国の数学教育を考えるものである。
著者
高野 勝弘 尾崎 由基男
出版者
一般社団法人 日本脳卒中学会
雑誌
脳卒中 (ISSN:09120726)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.6, pp.953-959, 2008 (Released:2009-01-13)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
5 1

To monitor the effectiveness of anti-platelet therapy should be important since anti-platelet drug "resistance" or non-compliance can be evaluated clearly by it. However, the anti-platelet therapy monitoring is not widely practiced, probably due to poorly-standardized platelet function test. Among the anti-platelet drug resistance, aspirin resistance is one of the most important topics in clinical thrombosis and hemostasis field. Also, clopidogrel resistance recently became a big issue. Monitoring of anti-platelet therapy is needed for further understanding of these anti-platelet drug resistances.
著者
増井 香名子 岩本 華子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本社会福祉学会
雑誌
社会福祉学 (ISSN:09110232)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.4, pp.72-85, 2022-02-28 (Released:2022-05-21)
参考文献数
14

本研究の目的は,DV被害者である親の子育ての実態を明らかにし,児童福祉分野における被害親の支援・介入方策の検討につなげることである.そのために子どものいるDV被害女性27人の半構造化インタビューの分析を行った.その結果,被害親の子育ては,加害親による暴力と支配により「親機能の奪われ」を経験すること,一方で暴力と支配に対抗し「親機能の必死の遂行」を行っているということが明らかになった.分析からは困難な状況のなかで子どもを守り子どもの成長を促進するという被害親のストレングスが見いだされた.また,子どもに関する多様な要因が関係の継続の有無に影響を与えていることが示された.分析結果から,加害親が被害親の子育てに影響をもたらす暴力と支配の内実とそれによる家族関係の力動をアセスメントすること,被害親のストレングスに焦点をあて,子どもの安全と福祉のために被害親と協働していくという新たな視点を提示した.
著者
Takeshi Yagyu Sayaka Funabashi Shuichi Yoneda Teruo Noguchi Satoshi Yasuda
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.11, pp.1990-1998, 2020-10-23 (Released:2020-10-23)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
4 10

Background:Duplex ultrasound scanning (DUS) plays a major role in less invasive diagnosis and assessment of lesion severity in lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of each DUS parameter measured in patients with PAD and established a simple method for PAD evaluation.Methods and Results:We retrospectively investigated 211 patients (270 limbs) who underwent assessment with both angiography and DUS. During DUS of the common femoral artery (CFA) and popliteal artery, we measured 3 parameters: acceleration time (AcT), peak systolic velocity (PSV), and waveform contour. We compared these parameters with the degree of angiographic stenosis. AcT at the CFA had a significantly higher value in prediction of aortoiliac artery lesions with >50% stenosis (c-index, 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79–0.91), with a sensitivity of 0.82 and specificity of 0.76 at the best cutoff point, compared with PSV and waveform contour (P<0.001, respectively). For femoropopliteal lesions, the ratio of AcT at the popliteal artery to AcT at the CFA is the most predictive parameter, with sensitivity of 0.86 and specificity of 0.92 at the best cutoff point (c-index, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90–0.97), compared with others (P<0.001, respectively).Conclusions:For the assessment of PAD with DUS, AcT and AcT ratio are simple and reliable parameters for evaluating aortoiliac and femoropopliteal artery disease.
著者
高森 建二
出版者
日本香粧品学会
雑誌
日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.2, pp.92-95, 2014-06-30 (Released:2015-07-24)
参考文献数
12

Itch has been defined as an unpleasant sensation that provokes the desire to scratch itch. The itch in dry skin such as xerosis and atopic dermatitis is antihistamin-resistant itch (intractable itch). The itch in dry skin is induced easily by weak stimuli such as mechanical, chemical or physiological stimuli (alloknesis). Alloknesis may be induced by lowering of itch threshold. One of the cause of this phenomenon is the elongation (invasion) of nerve fibers into the epidermis. In this paper the invasion mechanisms of nerve fiber into the epidermis and the management of itch in dry skin were discussed.
著者
水野 真彦
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.5, pp.426-444, 2010 (Released:2018-01-19)
参考文献数
109
被引用文献数
2

This paper reviews studies focused on the economic and social restructuring of cities in developed countries in the 2000s (2000-2009) from the viewpoint of economic geography. Drawing on critical examinations of the global cities thesis and the creative class thesis by Saskia Sassen and Richard Florida, respectively, the author points out the following four features of urban restructuring during the decade.First, urban spaces that contain land and buildings have gradually been incorporated in global financial capitalism. In other words, they have become financial products that have been traded beyond local and national borders, which caused a growth in financial business and a rapid rise in housing prices and rent prior to the financial crisis. The surge of financial capitalism in the 2000s has had a tendency to destabilize urban spaces and the lives of the residents in these areas.Second, neo-liberal policy movements have emphasized intensifying intercity competition and the rise of urban entrepreneurialism. City governments increasingly tend to pay more attention to attracting mobile capital, and neglect social policy for city residents, who are relatively immobile.Third, according to Sassen, global cities are characterized by the economic and social polarization of urban residents. In the 2000s, many Japanese writers and researchers discussed the fact that Japan had been converted into a gap-widening society. The increasing job insecurity of younger workers is suggested as a cause of the widening of the income gap. In particular, some critics perceive the suburbs as a problem, partly because irregular and low-paid employment is often a feature of these regions. In addition, this decade has witnessed an increase in the regional disparity between Tokyo and the rest of Japan.Fourth, the intercity competition for attracting highly skilled talents has been accelerated in the 2000s. Richard Florida insists that attracting the creative class is fundamental to urban development. He suggests that diversity, openness, and tolerance are magnets that attract the creative class. Although his view has drawn the attention of local politicians and policymakers, a considerable number of scholars criticized it for several reasons. One of these criticisms is that urban development can be better explained in terms of locations that offer job opportunities rather than the residential preferences of people or urban amenities. Another criticism is that urban policies based on Florida’s view possibly deepen the social divide between the creative class and the rest of the population. We have to recognize the importance of job creation in production activities throughout the production chains in order to prevent the deepening of the social divide in urban societies.
著者
松浦 加奈子
出版者
都留文科大学
雑誌
都留文科大学研究紀要 = 都留文科大学研究紀要 (ISSN:02863774)
巻号頁・発行日
no.87, pp.79-96, 2018-03-01

This paper examines how children regarded as having developmental disabilities become children with developmental disabilities by focusing on the practices for “special consideration” in the relationship between those special children and other children in the classroom. By studying learning scenes with teachers as the object of research, this paper clarifies the intended discipline in the classroom and observes mutual interaction for “special consideration” to be possibly performed. As a result of the analysis, the following three points are revealed. First of all, teachers perform “special consideration” by not cautioning a student for his or her problem behaviors such as running away from a classroom but approving “what he or she can do” in front of the class members; thus, such student can be eventually differentiated. Secondly, not all class members always expect practice of “supporting each other” based on teachers’ perspective on education. At last, when a class has more than one student with development disabilities, the relation with their parents as well as the characteristics of those children with special needs is necessarily for “special consideration” to be possibly performed. In addition, this study shows how “special consideration” especially for students with development disabilities becomes available in the classroom with other students with other problem behaviors; consequently, it also points out teachers’ struggle to practice their perspective on education and maintain classroom discipline.
著者
Jun HEMMI Seiya MAKINO Takehiro YOKOO Hiroshi KANO Yukio ASAMI Kazuyoshi TAKEDA Yoshio SUZUKI Sachio KAWAI Isao NAGAOKA Keisuke SAWAKI Ko OKUMURA
出版者
BMFH Press
雑誌
Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.1, pp.73-80, 2023 (Released:2023-01-01)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
3

Seasonal influenza is a major upper respiratory tract infection occurring in winter. Vaccination is the best method for preventing this infection. We conducted two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to examine whether consumption of yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1, which has been reported to reduce the risk of catching the common cold, augments serum antibody titers against seasonal influenza vaccines. In the first trial, which included university students, serum antibody titers against influenza A (H3N2) and B viruses were significantly higher in the yogurt group than in the placebo group. According to the guidelines established by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the assessment of vaccines, the seroconversion rate and mean geometric increase of influenza A (H3N2) and seroprotection of influenza B met the criteria only in the yogurt group. In the second trial, which included healthy adults, serum antibody titers against influenza A (H1N1) and B viruses were significantly higher in the yogurt group than in the placebo group. The seroconversion rate and mean geometric increase of influenza B met the EMA criteria only in the yogurt group. Furthermore, the cumulative days of ill health, such as throat complaints, upper respiratory inflammation, and cold, were significantly lower in the yogurt group than in the placebo group. Therefore, daily intake of yogurt fermented with L. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 could reduce the duration of symptoms caused by respiratory infections and act as a mucosal adjuvant enhancing acquired immune responses against vaccines, leading to the improvement of public health.
著者
猪阪 善隆 松井 功
出版者
一般社団法人 日本透析医学会
雑誌
日本透析医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13403451)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.11, pp.665-669, 2018 (Released:2018-11-28)
参考文献数
28

CKD-MBDに関わる因子のうちで, 最も生命予後と関係の深い因子である, リンの調整系が判明したのは最近のことである. fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) は骨細胞より分泌されるが, KlothoとFGF受容体の複合体に結合すると, 近位尿細管でのナトリウム-リン共輸送体 (NaPi-Ⅱ) の発現が抑制され, リンの再吸収が低下する. また, 活性型ビタミンD [1,25(OH)2D] 産生を抑制し, 腸管からのリン再吸収を抑制する. KlothoはCKDの早期から発現が低下し始めるが, 動物実験などから腎保護作用を有することが確かめられている. FGF23もCKD早期から上昇を認めるが, 透析患者のみならず, 保存期CKD患者の予後とも関係が深い. また, FGF23は予後予測因子というだけでなく, 予後不良因子として, FGF23自体が左室肥大をきたすことも指摘されており, そのメカニズムも解明されつつある. さらには, 肥大心自体もFGF23を産生することが判明している.
著者
菅谷 佑樹
出版者
日本生物学的精神医学会
雑誌
日本生物学的精神医学会誌 (ISSN:21866619)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.3, pp.147-150, 2016 (Released:2018-04-24)

近年,医学部出身の基礎医学研究者が著しく減少していることが問題となっている。東京大学では2002年からMD-PhDコースを,2008年からMD研究者育成プログラムを立ち上げ,医学部出身の基礎医学研究者を増やす試みを続けてきた。その結果,学部生の基礎医学研究への関心や,その研究のレベルは確実に高まりつつあるといえる。 現行の研修制度では学部時代に基礎医学研究に注力した学生のほとんどが初期研修を選択している。しかし,これらの研修医は研修終了後に基礎医学系大学院進学を目指している者が多く,このような臨床知に根ざした基礎医学研究を担う人材を着実に増やすには,多様化するキャリアパス間をよりスムーズに乗換えできる仕組みを整える必要がある。このような仕組みの整備には基礎医学系の教室だけの取り組みでは足らず,臨床も含めた医学部全体の協力によって,キャリアパスの見えやすさを促進する制度設計が必要である。