著者

Chigusa Shimizu-Okabe Shigeki Okada Shiki Okamoto Hiroaki Masuzaki Chitoshi Takayama

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY OF HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY

雑誌

ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA (ISSN:00445991)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.47-56, 2022-02-26 (Released:2022-02-26)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

3

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature brain; however, it acts excitatory during development. This difference in action depends on the intra­cellular chloride ion concentration, primarily regulated by potassium chloride co-transporter2 (KCC2). Sufficient KCC2 expression results in its inhibitory action. GABA is also abundant in pancreatic islets, where it acts differentially on the islet cells, and is involved in carbohydrate metabolism. However, the mechanisms underlying the differential action remain unknown. We performed immunohistochemistry for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a synthetic enzyme for GABA, and KCC2 in normal adult islets. GAD was co-localized with insulin in β cells, whereas KCC2 was expressed in glucagon-positive α cells. These results are in line with previous observations that GABA decreases glucagon release but increases insulin release, and suggest that GABA and insulin may work together in reducing blood glucose levels under hyperglycemia. Next, we examined the streptozotocin-induced type1 diabetes mellitus mouse model. GAD and insulin expression levels were markedly decreased. KCC2 was expressed in glucagon-positive cells, whereas insulin- and somatostatin-positive cells were KCC2-negative. These findings suggest that in diabetes model, reduced GABA release may cause disinhibition of glucagon release, resulting in increased blood sugar levels and the maintenance of hyperglycemic state.

著者

小野 功一郎

出版者

桃山学院教育大学

雑誌

紀要「エレノア」 = Eleanor

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.83-95, 2019-04-01

著者

宮永 孝

出版者

法政大学社会学部学会

雑誌

社会志林 = Hosei journal of sociology and social sciences (ISSN:13445952)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.1-166, 2020-09

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It was only after the Meiji Restoration (i.e. 1868), the start of a new government following the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate, that the Japanese commenced to learn Western philosophy properly. But the Study of philosophy in Japan was primitive. Japanese had, however, only a few scholars who knew something about Western philosophy in the closing days of the Tokugawa government. Banri Hoashi (帆足万里, 1778~1851), the Confucian scholar and scientist, owned “Beginsels der Natuurkunde (The Principle of Physics), 1739” by Petrus van Musschenbroek. He could have found words “Wysbegeerte (i.e. philosophy)” or “Philosophie” by reading the preface of the book.Yōan Udagawa (宇田川榕庵, 1798~1846) was a person who studied Western sciences by means of the Dutch language and a researcher at the Bakufu’s Institute for Western Learning in Yedo (nowadays Tokyo). He learned about “philosophia” and “metaphysica” by reading a handwritten copy of the “Seigakubon” (「西学凡」) by Giulio Aleni (艾儒略), an Italian Jesuit, in the Ming Dynasty. Rokuzo Shibukawa, (渋川六蔵,1815~51), the apprentice scholar at the Research Institute for Western Learning, translated the Dutch Words “philosofie” or “filosofy” into “費録所家”.Amane Nishi (西 周, 1829~97), the apprentice scholar at the “Bansho shirabesho” (i.e. the Research Institute for Western Learning), had slight knowledge of Western philosophy presumably by reading “A Biographical History of Philosophy, 1845-1846) by G. H. Lewis. Prior to his departure for Holland in a bid for studying Western humane studies in the last days of the Tokugawa regime, he sent a letter, desiring to learn Western philosophy, to Prof. J. J. Hoffman at Leiden University, mentioning Descartes, Hegel, Kant etc. In Leiden, Nishi and his fellow student, Mamichi Tsuda (津田真道, 1829~1903), took private lessons under Prof. Vissering, studying mainly politics, economics and international law and so on for 2 years.While working for the new government after the collapse of the Tokugawa regime, Nishi ran a private school named “Ikueisha” (育英社) in Asakusa, Tokyo from 1870 to 1873, teaching his students about some Western philosophers and their theories. In his lecture he referred to kant’s critique of cognition and his transcedental Reinen Vernunft as well. The name of Kant was expressed “韓圖” or “坎徳” in Chinese characters at that time.

著者

黒阪 健吾 肥前 洋一 芦野 琴美

出版者

日本選挙学会

雑誌

選挙研究 (ISSN:09123512)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.16-30, 2014 (Released:2018-01-05)

参考文献数

18

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本論文では,デュヴェルジェの法則とその中選挙区への応用であるM+1ルールの頑強性を実験室実験により検証する。単記非移譲式の1つの選挙区を想定し,実験参加者たちが有権者として4人の候補者たちの中から1人に投票するという設定で1議席(小選挙区)と2議席(中選挙区)を比較したところ,1議席のほうが票が少数の候補者に集中するというM+1ルールの比較静学が支持された。しかしながら,いずれの議席数でもM(議席数)+1人より多くの候補者に票が分散した。したがって,M+1ルールの比較静学は頑強と言えるが,ちょうどM+1人に票が集中するためには,本実験では排除された他の要因が必要であると考えられる。

著者

生駒 一憲

出版者

公益社団法人 日本リハビリテーション医学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (ISSN:18813526)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.8, pp.626-628, 2016-08-18 (Released:2016-09-16)

参考文献数

6

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脳卒中後などにみられる難治性神経因性疼痛に対し,反復経頭蓋磁気刺激の有用性が報告されている.罹患側運動野に高頻度刺激を行うと除痛効果が得られる.リハビリテーションに難渋する原因となる神経因性疼痛に対し,治療の1つの選択肢となり得る.

著者

大畑 美智子 Ohata Michiko 茨城キリスト教大学

雑誌

茨城キリスト教大学紀要. I, 人文科学 = Journal of Ibaraki Christian University. I, Humanities (ISSN:13426362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.49-64, 2009-01-01

著者

本多 清志

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.35-36, 2010-08-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

松浦 優

出版者

国際基督教大学ジェンダー研究センター

雑誌

Gender and Sexuality (ISSN:18804764)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.115-137, 2020-03-31

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Judith Butler’s theory of melancholy gender echoes some findings inasexuality studies; however, it does not consider asexual agency. Thus, thisarticle aims to review Butler’s literature from the standpoint of asexualitystudies. I argue that Freudian theory denies the possibility of asexualitybecause of its hypothesis of primary narcissism. Similar to melancholia,primary narcissism has the “trace” of the object. However, Butler overlooksthe significant difference between melancholia and primary narcissism. Unlikemelancholia, primary narcissism is not marked by the experience of selfberatement;thus, it does not contain any affects that can be converted topolitical expression. In the system of compulsory sexuality, asexuality can besituated in a similar position. Based on the above points, I refer to theprohibition of homosexuality in melancholia as “foreclosure” and the denialof asexuality in primary narcissism as “erasure.” In this way, Butler’sframework is extended in order to theorize the possibility of resistance inasexuality.

出版者

金曜日

巻号頁・発行日

1993

著者

大橋 純一 OHASHI Junichi

出版者

秋田大学教育文化学部

雑誌

秋田大学教育文化学部研究紀要 人文科学・社会科学 (ISSN:24334979)

巻号頁・発行日

no.77, pp.29-38, 2022-03-01

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In the past, the /-i/ /-u/ of the Hokuo dialect became a central or low vowel, and its appearance, where it is unified with /-i/, has been focused on as one of the dialect’s distinctive characteristics in terms of speech sounds. However, concerning said dialect, when studying this phenomenon with a large number of people, variety emerges even in the same generation, and it is difficult to collectively state that the characteristic belongs to just one generation. Regarding the various aspects of the Hokuo dialect’s /-i/ /-u/ in the decline process, this paper aims to investigate the current characteristics in a comparative manner by providing a framework beforehand of the stages of change seen and the nature thereof—using previous studies as references—and analyzing the multiple pronunciations of utterances that have been classified into each stage. In relation to the current situation of dialects that feature complex aspects, the above can also be considered a new endeavor associated with the method of understanding collected data, or the procedure of analyzing said data, to ascertain the essence of what occurs in such situations.

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本咀嚼学会

雑誌

日本咀嚼学会雑誌 (ISSN:09178090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.128-137, 2003-03-31 (Released:2010-07-21)

著者

石田 聖子

出版者

日本笑い学会

雑誌

笑い学研究

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.36-44, 2008-07-12

著者

澤田 康幸 崔 允禎 菅野 早紀

出版者

労働政策研究・研修機構

雑誌

日本労働研究雑誌 (ISSN:09163808)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.5, pp.58-66, 2010-05

著者

正宗敦夫 編

出版者

日本古典全集刊行会

巻号頁・発行日

1929

著者

根本 和昭

出版者

日本物理教育学会

雑誌

物理教育 (ISSN:03856992)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.6, pp.545-547, 2001-12-25 (Released:2017-02-10)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

5

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発色の異なるLEDは,発光する振動数に比例するエネルギー・ギャップを持つので,立上り電圧に達するまでは点灯させることが出来ない。そこで,数色のLEDの発光開始電圧(立上り電圧)を測定し,再結合の結果として放出される光子の持つエネルギーと振動数の関係をグラフに描くと,それらの傾きとしてプランク定数を求めることが出来る。量子分野の導入としては,3色程度の実験で充分であると考えられるが,ここでは8色のLEDを用いた測定を行った。

著者

長友 謙治

出版者

北海道大学

巻号頁・発行日

2017-03-23

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205p

著者

兼田 康宏 住吉 太幹 中込 和幸 沼田 周助 田中 恒彦 上岡 義典 大森 哲郎 Richard S.E. Keefe

出版者

医学書院

巻号頁・発行日

pp.913-917, 2008-09-15

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はじめに 統合失調症患者の社会機能に及ぼす影響に関しては,その中核症状ともいえる認知機能障害が精神症状以上に重要な要因であると考えられつつある4,5)。統合失調症の認知機能障害は広範囲な領域に及び,なかでも注意・遂行機能・記憶・言語機能・運動機能の領域が注目されている。認知機能の評価においては,認知の各領域を評価するいくつかの検査を目的に応じて組み合わせて(神経心理学的テストバッテリー,NTB)行われている。しかしながら,NTBは通常専門的かつ高価で時間を要する。そこで,統合失調症患者の認知機能を幅広く簡便に評価し得る尺度は日常臨床および研究において大変有用であろう。統合失調症認知機能簡易評価尺度(The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia;BACS)は最近Keefeら7)によって開発されたもので,言語性記憶,ワーキング・メモリ(作動記憶),運動機能,注意,言語流暢性,および遂行機能を評価する6つの検査で構成され,所要時間約30分と実用的な認知機能評価尺度である。我々はその有用性に着目し,臨床応用のために,原著者の許可を得たうえで,日本語版(BACS-J)を作成したのでここに紹介する。日本語訳にあたっては,まず2名が独立して仮日本語訳を作成し,その後訳者2名に第3者を加えた計3名で協議したうえで日本語訳を作成し,さらにその後,原文を知らない者2名に独立して日本語訳のback-translationを行わせ,この英文のそれぞれを原著者に確認してもらった。なお,BACS-Jの信頼性,妥当性については,すでに検討されている6)。

著者

Shintaro TOMURA Atsushi TOSHIMA Akira NOMURA Masahiko HIRATA Tetsushi YAMAGAMI Yumiko KAGAWA Tsuyoshi KADOSAWA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.3, pp.439-444, 2022 (Released:2022-03-30)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

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An 11-year-old neutered male Domestic Shorthair cat presented with a 3-month history of hypoglycemia, two episodes of seizure, and intermittent tick-like signs. Serum biochemistry revealed severe hypoglycemia associated with high insulin concentrations. Dynamic abdominal computed tomography (CT) indicated two pancreatic masses, which were enhanced most during the late arterial phase but had different degrees and variations of attenuation. Partial pancreatectomy was performed. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed that one mass was an insulinoma and the other was an ectopic splenic tissue, consistent with the differences in imaging findings. When an intrapancreatic lesion with hyper-attenuation on dynamic abdominal CT is detected, not only insulinoma or metastasis of malignancies but also intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) should be considered as differential diagnoses.

著者

Hiro HORIKIRIZONO Kumiko ISHIGAKI Keigo IIZUKA Kei TAMURA Naoki SAKURAI Kazuyuki TERAI Tatsuya HEISHIMA Orie YOSHIDA Kazushi ASANO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21-0509, (Released:2022-04-04)

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Angiogenesis plays an important role in the proliferation and metastasis mechanisms of malignant tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a group of cytokines that contribute to angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the serum VEGF-A concentrations in dogs with various proliferative diseases. A total of 202 dogs that were histopathologically diagnosed with proliferative diseases were included in the study. Serum VEGF-A concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Median serum VEGF-A concentrations in dogs were as follows: healthy dogs, 4 pg/ml [0–21 pg/ml]; hepatocellular carcinoma, 30 pg/ml [0–158 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; hepatocellular adenoma, 32 pg/ml [0–49 pg/ml, P=0.003]; hepatic nodular hyperplasia, 18 pg/ml [0–51 pg/ml, P=0.595]; adrenal pheochromocytoma, 32 pg/ml [0–187 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; adrenocortical carcinoma, 32 pg/ml [3–161 pg/ml, P=0.002]; adrenocortical adenoma, 27 pg/ml [0–106 pg/ml, P=0.005]; colorectal adenocarcinoma, 36 pg/ml [0–75 pg/ml, P=0.002]; colorectal adenoma, 43 pg/ml [0–48 pg/ml, P=0.144]; inflammatory colorectal polyps, 37 pg/ml [0–111 pg/ml, P=<0.001]; pulmonary adenocarcinoma, 35 pg/ml [4–107 pg/ml, P=0.002]; pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma, 35 pg/ml [0–131 pg/ml, P=0.016]; and follicular thyroid carcinoma, 35 pg/ml [0–106 pg/ml, P=0.009]. The serum VEGF-A concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with neoplastic lesions compared to healthy dogs, except for colorectal adenoma. High serum VEGF-A concentrations were observed in dogs with proliferative diseases. The present study suggests that angiogenesis-inhibiting therapy, which targets VEGF-A, may be useful for canine neoplastic diseases.

著者

畠中 俊暉 原田 勇希 草場 実

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.393-405, 2021 (Released:2022-01-06)

参考文献数

46

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This study focused on observations and experiments in science classes to examine the effects of interest in observation and experiments on learning strategies and “knowledge of skills for observations and experiments” (academic achievement index). The hypothesized model was a model with interest as the predictor variable, learning strategies as the mediation variable, and knowledge of skills as the objective variable. The first was to estimate the factor structure of the learning strategies in observations and experiments, and the second was to estimate the “Item Discriminations” and “Item Difficulties” using Item Response Theory in order to clarify the structure of the target variable, “knowledge of skills for observations and experiments”.The results of testing the model showed that there was an indirect effect (β=.266 [.092, .452]) from positive emotion (“strength” of interest) to “knowledge of skills for observations and experiments” mediated by problem-solving strategy. And there was an indirect effect (β=.092 [.037, .192]) from thought deepening-based orientation (“depth” of interest) to “knowledge of skills for observations and experiments” mediated by problem-solving strategy. This result indicates that both the strength and depth of interest in observations and experiments independently contribute to academic achievement in science learning.