著者
平井 西夫
出版者
公益社団法人 日本化学会
雑誌
日本化學雜誌 (ISSN:03695387)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.10, pp.1019-1022, 1954-10-10 (Released:2011-05-30)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
1
著者
小橋 友助 宝積 寿子 渡辺美 穂子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本化学会
雑誌
日本化學雜誌 (ISSN:03695387)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.1, pp.71-74,A5, 1963-01-10 (Released:2011-05-30)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
3

喫煙時のニコチンの熱分解機構を明らかにする目的でニコチンを空気気流申で熱分解し,加熱温度とニコチンの分解率および熱分解生成物の組成との関係を調べた。(1)ニコチンの熱分解生成物のうちピリジン塩基として3-ビニルピリジン,かシアンピリジンのほかに少量の3-エチルピリジン,3-ピコリンおよび微量の3-ピリジルメチルケトン,ピリジン,ピロールを確認した。またニコチン同族体としてミオスミンのほかに少量のノルニコチン,ニコチリン,2,2'-ジピリジルおよび微量のイソキノリンを確認した。(2)ニコチンのN-メチルピロリジン環は熱に対して不安定であり,ニコチンを空気気流申で熱分解すると300℃から350℃の間で分解を起してミオスミンになり,400℃でピロリジン環から開環して3-ビニルピリジンと3-シアンピリジンを生成し,400℃から500℃の間でピリジン環も開環し大部分はガス状の低分子炭化水素あるいは無機のガス体にまで分解するものと考えられる。
著者
太田 奈穂樹 岩本 良二 相場 伸 村川 雄大 棟方 栄治 川口 龍一
出版者
日本法科学技術学会
雑誌
日本鑑識科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:13428713)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.2, pp.95-102, 2004 (Released:2007-11-07)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
1

In a recent murder case, many feathers were left at the crime scene and collected for analysis. It seemed they were likely left from the suspect's torn jacket. Goose and duck downs are commonly used for clothes and bedclothes, especially in high quality goods where goose feathers are used most often. Unfortunately, at the time of the murder there were few studies in Japan about down identification. This paper presents how to identify goose and duck downs by microscopy.   Ten downs were removed at random from each stuffed bird from sixty-one species at the prefectural museum. Ten downs were removed at random from ten geese and ten ducks, respectively, at the prefectural farm. Therefore, the authentic sample set (family or species known) included ten downs each from eighty-one birds, representing sixty-three species. In addition, two hundred goose downs and two hundred duck downs were obtained from samples supplied by the Japan Spinners Inspecting Foundation in Tokyo.   These down samples were examined microscopically with respect to eight morphological characteristics: full length, color, node shape, maximum node width, maximum node interval, node distribution, node density (number of nodes per mm) and pigment distribution. Morphological data from geese were compared with ducks and analyzed statistically using F-test.   Duck and goose downs are identified primarily by their triangular nodes. In birds of the sixty-three species other than those from the duck and geese species, triangular nodes were found only in the Anatidae, Columbidae and Psittacidae families. Fortunately, it was quite simple to distinguish the families by the node distribution along the shaft of the barbules. For example, the Anatidae family has triangular nodes only toward the tip of the barbule, the Columbidae family has them mainly toward the base of the barbule, and the Psittacidae family has them uniformly distributed along the shaft of the barbule. Based on feather nodes, both goose and duck can be placed in the Anatidae family. Nevertheless, they can be distinguished. Goose has wider maximum node intervals than the duck, usually more than fifty-five micrometers. On the other hand, duck has higher node density than the goose, more than sixteen per mm. Statistical analysis using the F-test showed that the maximum node interval and node density were useful characteristics for distinguishing a goose from a duck down.
著者
清水 健太郎
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生態学会
雑誌
日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.1, pp.28-43, 2006-04-25 (Released:2016-09-06)
参考文献数
72
被引用文献数
8

DNAの遺伝情報を生態学研究に活用する分野として、分子生態学が発展してきた。しかしながら、これまで使われたDNA情報としては、親子判定や系統解析のためのマーカーとしての利用が主であり、遺伝子機能の解明は焦点になっていなかった。ゲノム学の発展により、これまで生態学や進化学の中心命題の1つであった適応進化を、遺伝子機能の視点で研究しようという分野が形成されつつある。これを進化生態機能ゲノム学Evolutionary and ecological functional genomics、または短縮して進化ゲノム学Evolutionary genomicsと呼ぶ。進化ゲノム学は、生態学的表現型を司る遺伝子を単離し、DNA配列の個体間の変異を解析することにより、その遺伝子に働いた自然選択を研究する。これにより、野外で研究を行う生態学・進化学と、実験室の分子遺伝学・生化学を統合して、総合的な視点で生物の適応が調べられるようになった。本稿では、モデル植物シロイヌナズナArabidopsis thalianaの自殖性の適応進化、開花時期の地理的クライン、病原抵抗性と適応度のトレードオフなどの例を中心に、進化ゲノム学の発展と展望について述べる。
著者
藤本 一男
出版者
関東社会学会
雑誌
年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1994, no.7, pp.97-108, 1994-06-05 (Released:2010-04-21)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
1

This paper approaches the idea of the Japanese “Workholic” as an idea centered on such mechanisms as “satisfaction”. An old criticism of the “Workholic” is based on the suppression of the individual by the company, i. e. a passive self which is strongly dependent on a company. However, the mechanism which brings about overwork voluntarily cannot be sufficiently explained by these approaches alone. Mbreover, there are problems whih emphasizing the importance of the individual. My approach pays attention to the self not in the schema of “individual vs company” but in that of the company as a field where the self is emerged. This approach aims to explain the mechanism that the pursuit of the satisfaction lead to alienation, anomie, overwork, and over-conformity.
著者
小川 徹
出版者
一般社団法人 電気学会
雑誌
電氣學會雜誌 (ISSN:00202878)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.927, pp.1962-1965, 1965-12-01 (Released:2008-11-20)
参考文献数
4
著者
大友 朗紀 仲田 正利
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.10, pp.549-552, 2016-10-01 (Released:2016-10-01)

ATIS(技術情報サービス協会)は設立35周年を迎えました。会員は、製造業の親会社を持ち知的財産情報や科学技術情報などの分野において情報サービスの提供等を事業とする正会員、特許等データベースを提供する賛助会員および特別賛助会員で構成されています。現在、44社が参加しています。本稿では、ATISの発展とその活動内容について紹介します。
著者
根元 裕樹 中山 大地 松山 洋
出版者
The Association of Japanese Geographers
雑誌
日本地理学会発表要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
pp.100111, 2012 (Released:2013-03-08)

1582(天正10)年旧暦5月、岡山県の備中高松にて備中高松城水攻めが行われた。このとき、羽柴(豊臣)秀吉は、基底幅21m、上幅10m、高さ7mの水攻め堤を3kmに渡って築き、備中高松城側の足守川を堰き止め、その水を引き入れることによって備中高松城を水攻めした。この水攻め堤は12日間で完成したと伝わるが、12日間で築くには大規模すぎると指摘されていた。近年の研究では、備中高松城の西側には自然堤防があり、それを活用したからこそ、12日間で水攻め堤を完成できたとされている。しかし、備中高松城水攻めを水文学に基づいて研究した事例はない。そこで本研究では、水攻めを洪水と考え、洪水氾濫シミュレーションをメインモデルとした水攻めモデルを開発し、備中高松城水攻めをシミュレーションした。その結果から水攻めの条件を考察した。  備中高松は、微地形の多い海抜10m以下の平野の側に海抜約300mの山地があるところに立地する。この土地条件を考慮し、山地の流出解析にkinematic wave modelを用い、洪水氾濫解析にdynamic wave modelを用いた水攻めモデルを開発した。さらに備中高松の微地形を反映させるために基盤地図情報の縮尺レベル2500標高点から高空間分解能のDEMを作成した。このDEMに現地の発掘調査の報告書や現地踏査で調べた盛り土の状況を参考に、過去を想定したDEMを作成した。DEMの種類、水攻め堤の有無と高さによって複数のシナリオを作成し、水攻めの状況をシミュレーションした。  その結果、備中高松城の西側にある自然堤防を利用した上で、水攻め堤の遺跡である蛙ヶ鼻周辺の水攻め堤と足守川の流入が水攻めにとって必要であることが示された。この結果と史料を考慮しながら蛙ヶ鼻周辺の水攻め堤の高さについて考察したところ、その高さは約3.0mが合理的であるという結論が得られた。
著者
川本 竜彦
出版者
公益社団法人 東京地学協会
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.124, no.3, pp.473-501, 2015-06-25 (Released:2015-07-10)
参考文献数
165
被引用文献数
2 2

Subduction-zone magmatism is triggered by the addition of H2O-rich slab-derived flux: aqueous fluids, hydrous partial melts or supercritical fluids from the subducting slab through reactions. Whether the slab-derived flux is an aqueous fluid, a partial melt, or a supercritical fluid remains an open question. In general, with increasing pressure, aqueous fluids dissolve more silicate components and silicate melts dissolve more H2O. Under low-pressure conditions, those aqueous fluids and hydrous silicate melts remain isolated phases due to the miscibility gap. As pressure increases, the miscibility gap disappears and the two liquid phases becomes one phase. This vanishing point is regarded as critical end point or second critical end point. X-ray radiography experiments locate the pressure of the second critical end point at 2.5 GPa (83 km depth) and 700°C for sediment-H2O, and at 2.8 GPa (92 km depth) and 750°C for high-Mg andesite (HMA)-H2O. These depths correspond to the depth range of a subducted oceanic plate beneath volcanic arcs. Sediment-derived supercritical fluids, which are fed to the mantle wedge from the subducting slab, may react with the mantle peridotite to form HMA supercritical fluids due to peritectic reaction between silica-rich fluids and olivine-rich mantle peridotite. Such HMA supercritical fluids may separate into aqueous fluids and HMA melts at 92 km depth during ascent. HMA magmas can be erupted as they are, if the HMA melts segregate without reacting to the overriding peridotite. Partitioning behaviors between aqueous fluids and melts are determined with and without (Na, K) Cl using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. The data indicate that highly saline fluids effectively transfer large-ion lithophile elements. If the slab-derived supercritical fluids contain Cl and subsequently separate into aqueous fluids and melts in the mantle wedge, then such aqueous fluids inherit much more Cl and also more or less amounts of large ion lithophile elements than the coexisting melts. In contrast, Cl-free aqueous fluids can not effectively transfer Pb and alkali earth elements to the magma source. Enrichment of some large-ion lithophile elements in arc basalts relative to mid-oceanic ridge basalts has been attributed to mantle source fertilization by such aqueous fluids from a dehydrating oceanic plate. Such aqueous fluids are likely to contain Cl, although the amount remains to be quantified. If such silica-rich magmas survive as andesitic melts under a limited reaction with mantle minerals, they may erupt as HMA magmas having slab-derived signatures.
著者
Abbasali Emamjomeh Bahram Goliaei Ali Torkamani Reza Ebrahimpour Nima Mohammadi Ahmad Parsian
出版者
日本遺伝学会
雑誌
Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.89, no.6, pp.259-272, 2014-12-01 (Released:2015-05-02)
参考文献数
70
被引用文献数
7

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are highly important because of their main role in cellular processes and biochemical pathways; therefore, PPI can be very useful in the prediction of protein functions. Experimental techniques of PPI detection have certain drawbacks; hence computational methods can be used to complement wet lab techniques. Such methods can be applied to PPI prediction as well as validation of experimental results. Computational algorithms can lead to many false PPI predictions, which in turn result in non-adequate performance. We have developed a novel method based on combined analysis, entitled PPIccc. Three different descriptors for PPIccc included gene co-expression values, codon usage similarity and conservation of surface residues between protein products of a gene pair, which combined to predict PPI. Validation of results based on Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD) indicated improvement of performance in our proposed method. The results also revealed that conservation of surface residues between proteins in combination with codon usage similarity of their related genes increase the performance of PPI prediction. This means that codon usage similarity and surface residues between proteins (only sequence-based features) can predict PPIs as good as PPIccc.
著者
関口 和正 今泉 和彦 藤井 宏治 千住 弘明 水野 なつ子 坂井 活子 笠井 賢太郎 佐藤 元 瀬田 季茂
出版者
日本法科学技術学会
雑誌
日本鑑識科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:13428713)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.1, pp.33-40, 1997 (Released:2010-02-06)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
11 11

Nucleotide sequences of 2 hypervariable regions (HV1, HV2) within the control region of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analyzed from 55 unrelated Japanese. About 700 nucleotides were sequenced by using the nested PCR and the solid-phase direct sequencing methods. Comparison of these sequences with Anderson's reference sequence revealed 97 mutation types within 93 positions, and 11 positions of them were novel. Fifty five samples analyzed were classified into 52 different sequences, while 3 pairs have shown the same sequences. Comparison of the Japanese sequences to those reported from other populations indicated many differences in such a point that the substitutions at 16,223 and 73 in Japanese were more frequent than those in Caucasian, while the substitutions at 16,126 and 16,311 in Japanese were less frequent than those in Caucasian. Twenty one of 55 samples analyzed showed a T-to-C transition at the position 16,189 of the C-stretch region in the HV1 region. This replacement caused the blurred bands on the sequence image, which resulted in the ambiguity of exact number of cytosine in the C-stretch region of HV1. For this ambiguity, the number of cytosine in the C-stretch region should not be currently taken into account in forensic practices of individualization of evidence samples. Regardless of such problem, the polymorphisms of HV1 and HV2 regions are highly useful for individual identification.
著者
高井 研 稲垣 史生
出版者
公益社団法人 東京地学協会
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.112, no.2, pp.234-249, 2003-04-25 (Released:2009-11-12)
参考文献数
82
被引用文献数
5 2

Seafloor hydrothermal system and deep subsurface are of great interest for microbiologists as paradise of unusual lives so-called “Extremophiles” in this planet. Such peculiar microorganisms have been believed to be minority in the earth throughout the long history after the early evolution of life. Recent investigations for microorganisms present in the active hydrothermal seafloor and subsurface have revolutionized the concept. Ubiquity, predominance and diversity of extremophiles in the present and past global environments signify the unresolved, but significant role in the co-evolution of earth and life. In this article, we summarize the expeditions for the microbial world in the seafloor hydrothermal system and deep subsurface and shed light on the foci of the future investigation.
著者
伊藤 一之 松野 文俊
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.6, pp.510-520, 2001 (Released:2002-02-28)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
2 7

Reinforcement learning has recently received much attention as a learning method for complicated systems, e.g., robot systems. It does not need prior knowledge and has higher capability of reactive and adaptive behaviors. However increase in dimensionality of the action-state space makes it diffcult to accomplish learning. The applicability of the existing reinforcement learning algorithms are effective for simple tasks with relatively small action-state space. In this paper, we propose a new reinforcement learning algorithm: “Q-learning with Dynamic Structuring of Exploration Space Based on Genetic Algorithm ”. The algorithm is applicable to systems with high dimensional action and interior state spaces, for example a robot with many redundant degrees of freedom. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm simulations of obstacle avoidance by a 50 links manipulator have been carried out. It is shown that effective behavior can be learned by using the proposed algorithm.
著者
Daisuke Muramatsu Hiroshi Kimura Kaoru Kotoshiba Makoto Tachibana Yoichi Shinkai
出版者
日本細胞生物学会
雑誌
Cell Structure and Function (ISSN:03867196)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.16013, (Released:2016-10-12)
被引用文献数
1 14

Pericentric regions form epigenetically organized, silent heterochromatin structures that accumulate histone H3 lysine 9 tri-methylation (H3K9me3) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), a methylated H3K9-binding protein. At pericentric regions, Suv39h is the major enzyme that generates H3K9me3. Suv39h also interacts directly with HP1. However, the importance of HP1 interaction for Suv39h-mediated H3K9me3 formation at the pericentromere is not well characterized. To address this question, we introduced HP1 binding-defective, N-terminally truncated mouse Suv39h1 (ΔN) into Suv39h-deficient cells. Pericentric H3K9me3-positive cells were not detected by endogenous-level expression of ΔN. Notably, ΔN could induce pericentric accumulation of H3K9me3 as wild type Suv39h1 did if it was overexpressed. These findings demonstrate that the N-terminal region of Suv39h1, presumably via HP1–Suv39h1 interaction, is required for Suv39h1-mediated pericentric H3K9me3 formation, but can be overridden if Suv39h1 is overproduced, indicating that Suv39h1-mediated heterochromatin formation is controlled by multiple modules, including HP1.
著者
安藤 一郎 新井 顕 渡辺 道隆 加納 昭彦
出版者
耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会
雑誌
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.88, no.12, pp.1625-1632, 1995-12-01 (Released:2011-12-12)
参考文献数
36

Over the past 9 years, we studied 1090 cases of ABC (aspiration biopsy cytology) and 258 cases of malignant tumor. There were 3 false positive cases (1.2%) and 6 cases (2.3%) of histological misdiagnosis. Although we have not experienced fatal complications yet, we have recognized tuberuculous change in the needle tract after postoperative histology as a case of lymphoadenitis tuberuculosa.A search of the literature has revealed 4 cases of needle tract seeding after large needle biopsy and a case of embolism in the cerebral artery after ABC of head and neck lesions. Fatal complications of ABC were reported in 7 cases.Although the incidence of complication after ABC is not obvious, fatal complications of ABC are very rare in comparison with large needle biopsy and we consider that ABC is a safe method of clinical diagnosis.ABC imposes less burden on patients and differentiation of benign from malignant and identification of the presumable histological type are possible. Therefore, we conclude that ABC can be applied clinically in oto-rhino-laryngology.
著者
永井 利幸 永野 伸卓 菅野 康夫 相庭 武司 神崎 秀明 草野 研吾 野口 輝夫 安田 聡 小川 久雄 安⻫ 俊久
出版者
日本サルコイドーシス/肉芽腫性疾患学会
雑誌
日本サルコイドーシス/肉芽腫性疾患学会雑誌 (ISSN:18831273)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.Suppl1, pp.50-1-50-1, 2015-11-07 (Released:2016-04-07)

心臓サルコイドーシスにおいて、ステロイド治療は標準的治療として確立しているが、ステロイド治療の途中中止あるいは適切な中止時期に関して検討した報告は皆無である。今回我々は過去 30 年間に当院で心臓サルコイドーシスと確定診断(日本サルコイド ーシス/肉芽腫性疾患学会 2006 年診断基準)され、ステロイド 治療を導入された連続 70 例を後ろ向きに解析した。 観察期間内(9.8 ± 5.7 年)の検討で、12 例が臨床的あるいは画像 的活動性の改善を理由にステロイド治療が途中中止され、途中中 止群のステロイド治療期間は 3.4 ± 3.6 年であった。途中中止群、 継続群の 2 群間で年齢、性別、左室駆出率、ガリウムシンチ所見、 FDG-PET 所見、心不全既往、心室性不整脈既往、そしてステロ イド用量に関しても有意差を認めなかった。途中中止群のうち、5 例が心臓死の転帰をとり、継続群と比較して死亡率は有意に高値 であった(42% vs. 16%, P=0.047)。さらに、途中中止群は継続 群 と 比 較 し て 観 察 期 間 内 に 著 し く 左 室 駆 出 率 が 低 下 し た (-23.1 ± 31.5 % vs. 8.4 ± 31.8 % , P=0.019)。 結論として、心臓サルコイドーシスの⻑期管理において、臨床的 あるいは画像的に一時的な改善が認められたとしても、ステロイ ド治療の途中中止には慎重を期すべきである。