著者

梁 安吉子

出版者

日仏哲学会

雑誌

フランス哲学・思想研究 (ISSN:13431773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.306-315, 2023-09-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

著者

白瀨 小百合

出版者

日仏哲学会

雑誌

フランス哲学・思想研究 (ISSN:13431773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.45-57, 2023-09-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

著者

佐野 之人

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2021, no.72, pp.127-139, 2021-04-01 (Released:2021-05-20)

著者

伊勢田 哲治

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.45-57, 2001-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

26

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This paper discusses how evolutionary biology can contribute to sociological theory. I maintain that a biological understanding of human being can function as a common language among various competing trends in sociological theory. Sociologists do not use biological insights much, but one of the reasons for this is that simply they are not sure how such insights relate to their own research interests. My main purpose in this paper is to give an example of an enhancement of social theory (a conflict analysis of stratification) from an evolutionary point of view, hoping to remedy the 'biophobic' attitude of some sociological theorists.

著者

大峰 光博

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.147-154, 2015 (Released:2016-03-18)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1 1

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In this study, I focus on responsibility of supporters of Urawa Reds and Shimizu S-Pulse in the behind-closed-doors game of Urawa Reds versus Shimizu S-Pulse and aiming to clarify the issue of the behind-closed-doors game. Mainly on four following points by Omine and Tomozoe (2014), collective responsibility of supporters of Urawa Reds and Shimizu S-Pulse were considered. 1. The individual of a group have an opportunity to oppose the practice without facing any serious risk or not. 2. The individual of a group have an opportunity to oppose the practice by appealing to the knowledge readily available to its members or not. 3. The individual of a group have an opportunity to oppose the practice in the sense that doing so would be completely futile or not. 4. The individual of a group accept the practice without opposing it or not. As a result, supporters of Urawa Reds were different in responsibility depending on the viewpoints, but the point that responsibility is shouldered to the act of racial discrimination by certain supporters of Urawa Reds made it clear. On the other hand, the point that supporters of Shimizu S-Pulse have no responsibility for the act of racial discrimination by certain supporters of Urawa Reds made it clear. Therefore, it was concluded that the behind-closed-doors game was the disposal to which J. League sacrifices the minority who doesn't shoulder the responsibility.

著者

真田 乃輔

出版者

日本倫理学会

雑誌

倫理学年報 (ISSN:24344699)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, pp.141-155, 2019 (Released:2021-05-17)

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Am Anfang seiner Habilitationsschrift(1900)hebt Max Scheler im «Positivismus », wie von ihm interpretiert, die Tendenz hervor zu behaupten, dass jede Einzelwissenschaft ihre methodologische Forschung in sich selbst, d.h. ohne jede Hilfe von «Methodenlehre» als eine philosophische Disziplin vollziehen muss. Dann zeigt er kritisch auf, dass diese Meinung nicht ganz berechtigt ist. Er versucht in dieser Schrift eine neue philosophische «Methode» darzustellen, welche fähig ist, das einheitliche Prinzip aller Kulturgestalten mit Einschluss der Wissenschaft hervorzuheben. In Deutschland in den 90er Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts hat Heinrich Rickert, ein Vertreter der sogenannten südwestdeutschen Schule des Neukantianismus, die einheitlichen logischen oder methodologischen Grundlagen aller einzelnen Erfahrungswissenschaften festzustellen versucht, im Gegensatz zum «Spezialistentum » des Positivismus, d.h. in der philosophischen Art. Noch früher(in den 70er Jahren)hat aber auch Hermann Cohen, ein Gründer der Marburger Schule des Neukantianismus, in Kants «Kritik der reinen Vernunft» seinen später in seinem einheitswissenschaftlichen Werk «Logik der reinen Erkenntnis»(1902) seinen ausgeführten Ausdruck findenden Gedanken der «transzendentalen Methode» hervorgehoben. Diese Methode nennt Scheler in seiner Habilitationsschrift die den Wissenschaftslehren bei Cohen und Rickert und den anderen Denkern des Neukantianismus zugrunde liegenden «Methoden» im Allgemeinen. Die erste Aufgabe dieser kurzen Abhandlung ist, diese geschichtliche Kontinuität, d.h. die Tendenz zur Einheit, die wir als «kulturphilosophisch» bezeichnen sollten, hervortreten zu lassen. Cohens Logik ist an der mathematischen Naturwissenschaft orientiert, Rickerts Logik hingegen an der geschichtlichen Wissenschaft. Scheler schlägt jedoch keinen dieser beiden Wege ein, und beantwortet damit zwei Fragen anders: die Fragen nach dem Verhältnis zwischen Wissenschaft und Philosophie einerseits und nach dem Verhältnis zwischen Wissenschaft und Ethik. Unsere zweite Aufgabe ist, diese Diskontinuität hervorzuheben, in der wir dann einen entscheidenden, aus der Wissenschaftslehre Schelers gewonnenen Fortschritt erkennen. Um diese Aufgabe zu vollziehen werden wir darüber hinaus auch Schelers Dissertation(1897)verhältnismäßig eingehend betrachten.

著者

中村 徳仁

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2021, no.72, pp.141-151, 2021-04-01 (Released:2021-05-20)

参考文献数

16

著者

加藤 皓士

出版者

名古屋大学

巻号頁・発行日

2022

著者

佐藤 岳詩

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.23-32, 2009-10-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

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Biomedical technology has realized several kinds of human enhancement. Among them, enhancement of our cognitive performance is remarkable. There are already several supplements, for example, caffeine for staying awake and DHA for better memory. However, the present drugs for enhancing our intelligence, so called smart drugs, are completely different from such supplements. Smart drugs are artificially synthetic chemicals that are used in order to improve cognitive performance. They are developed for medical use, but they similarly affect healthy persons. For example, smart drugs can improve a person's ability to pass university entrance exams. However, strong drugs have strong side-effects, and radical enhancement of intelligence gives rise to many ethical issues. Therefore, to assess the ethical implications of cognitive enhancement, in this paper, we will consider the merits and demerits of cognitive enhancement. Firstly, we will outline the current situation on cognitive enhancement. Secondly, we will consider its merits and demerits. In conclusion, we will examine whether cognitive enhancement by smart drugs is ethically admissible.

著者

セビリア アントン

出版者

西田哲学会

雑誌

西田哲学会年報 (ISSN:21881995)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.101-115, 2016 (Released:2020-03-21)

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In Sueki Fumihiko’s Buddhism vs. Ethics(2013)and Philosophizing in Japan(2012), he provides a novel critique of Watsuji. Despite his fundamental agreement with“relational ethics,”Sueki suggests that Watsuji’s ethics belongs purely in the domain of the human(ningen)and is thus unable to deal with the incomprehensible“other.”For Sueki, a genuine response to the other requires that we go beyond the ethical and into the“trans-ethical.”But does Watsuji’s ethics really lack this trans- ethical moment? In this paper, I argue that while Watsuji set out to construct an ethics of ningen, his introduction of the ideas of emptiness, continuous negation, and other ideas inspired by Buddhism and Nishida brought in a transethical moment that disrupts the closure of his ethical system. Examining Ethics vols. 2 and 3(1943, 1949), we see these concretely expressed in Watsuji’s view of social change and the role the “other” plays in it. However, there are insurmountable limits to Watsuji’s theory, and a careful examination of these limits shows the challenges that any ethics of emptiness/nothingness will need to contend with in order to truly account for the depth of human relations.

著者

栗山 はるな

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.74-86, 2022 (Released:2022-06-05)

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In this paper, I consider the use of Buddhist concepts in Tetsurō Watsuji’s ethicsrelated works. In particular, I focus on the relationship between Watsuji’s ethics and his interpretation of concepts such as emptiness and negative movement, which Watsuji emphasized in interpreting Buddhism in his Buddhist research books, such as Practical Philosophy of Primitive Buddhism; he later used these concepts in his main works, Ethics and Ethics as a Study of Humans. In his Buddhist interpretations, Watsuji was strongly influenced by the Hegel dialectic. In this paper, I outline these concepts based on Watsuji’s Buddhist writings and consider the differences between his position and the Hegel dialectic according to his ethical writings. One conclusion of this paper is as follows. Watsuji criticized the Absolute Spirit, which is the end point of the Hegel dialectic. Watsuji thought that human irrationality cannot be explained from the standpoint of this idea. Instead, Watsuji put emptiness at the root of his human system; what he needed at that time was the Dharma system of Abhidharma Buddhism.

著者

後藤 正英

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.42-54, 2015-03-31 (Released:2018-08-28)

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For last 20 years, Jürgen Habermas has been engaged in the question about religion in the public sphere. His postmetaphysical thinking from 1980s and the postsecularization theory form the premise of this argument. In the late 80s, he has already stated that religion has the source of meaning which needs to be translated for the mutual discourse.Habermas considers the relationship between the secular and religion as a process of mutual translation. He finds this process in the history of western philosophy.According to Habermas, religious language is based on the particular religious community. In the public sphere, religious language must be generalized and translated into the secular common language. On this point, Charles Taylor criticizes Habermas. Religious language is not narrow and special, though it is based on the experience. Taylor focuses on the direct encounter of different languages (including not only religious but also philosophic) rather than a generalization. Taylor pays attention to the creative power of religious language itself.For followers of the Enlightenment, rational language must be distinguished from religious sources. In this case, the translation means a mere secular mediation. The opposition claims that translation belongs to the essence of religion. Religious resource and its language cannot be separated.

著者

伊勢田 哲治

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.95-102, 2008-03-20 (Released:2018-03-30)

参考文献数

22

著者

宮永 泉

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.41-54, 1987 (Released:2018-03-15)

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En analysant l’《Entretien》,on peut découvrir le schéma suivant de transcendance. A cause de l’apparition de la grâce, la philosophie de Montaigne (pyrrhonisme) est surmontée par celle d’Epictète (panthéisme). Mais, celle-ci est aussi détruite par celle-là à cause de la disparition de la grâce, et ainsi toutes les deux tombent dans les contrariétés où se brise la raison. Ici le christianisme, dont les deux plus grands supports sont le mystère du péché originel et Jésus-Christ, entre en scène pour sauver la personne déchirée par les contrariétés des deux philosophies et la mettre dans un tout nouveau monde où se mêlent les ténèbres du péché et les lumières de la grâce.

著者

伊坂 青司

出版者

東北哲学会

雑誌

東北哲学会年報 (ISSN:09139354)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.59-60, 1988-04-30 (Released:2018-02-28)

著者

加藤 之敬

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2018, no.69, pp.170-184, 2018-04-01 (Released:2018-08-01)

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This paper intends to clarify Nietzsche’s concept of “contest.” This is because “contest” is an important concept in properly understanding Nietzsche’s view of our relation to others. In many cases, Nietzsche regards relation to others as a struggle, which may lead readers to think that Nietzsche considers relation to others negatively because struggle is associated with denying, suppressing, and destroying others. However, this interpretation is a misunderstanding. For Nietzsche, struggle is not only negative but also positive - if it is a form of relation in which people recognize others and which is associated with productive activity. This is clear from his early text, “Homer’s Contest.” In this text, he divides struggle into two forms: a positive and productive struggle, namely “contest,” on the one hand, and a negative and destructive struggle, namely “annihilative struggle,” on the other. Moreover, he postulates that “contest” was the foundation of progress in ancient Greek culture. Thus, in “Homer’s Contest,” Nietzsche considers “contest” to be the ideal relation to others. Furthermore, in discussing “contest,” Nietzsche often compares ancient and modern cultures, criticizing modern culture’s inability to create the conditions for forming an ideal relation to others. Nietzsche’s concept of “contest” has three fundamental elements: first, affirmation of envy and ambition, which are regarded as negative in the modern age; second, the necessity of equal or more powerful rivals and the availability of people who are capable of estimating correctly; and third, the necessity of maintaining pluralism. In this paper, these elements are explained in detail in order to clarify Nietzsche’s opinion on the ideal relation to others, namely “contest,” and emphasize his critical attitude toward modern culture apparent in “Homer’s Contest.

著者

桑木厳翼 著

出版者

小山書店

巻号頁・発行日

1943

著者

渡邉 京一郎

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2023, no.74, pp.240-255, 2023-04-01 (Released:2023-06-28)

著者

馬淵 浩二

出版者

中央学院大学

雑誌

中央学院大学人間・自然論叢 (ISSN:13409506)

巻号頁・発行日

no.37, pp.1-32, 2014-01

著者

池内 了

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.2_19-2_31, 2010 (Released:2011-04-01)

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There are many uncertainties in the knowledge of modern sciences, especially the sciences of complex systems. Here, in the first I discuss the pseudo-sciences and indicate the pseudo-scientific tides due to the uncertainties of complex systems, whose origins are made clear such as chaos, self-organization, butterfly effect, and so on. The uncertainties are intrinsic in complex systems. In the next, I present the possible role of scientific communication, especially stressing how the scientific communicators overcome the uncertainties of sciences. This will become a fatal point of scientific communication. Finally, I add the possible cooperation between the natural and social scientists.