著者
木村 将 大山恵弘
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告システムソフトウェアとオペレーティング・システム(OS) (ISSN:09196072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2009, no.6, pp.51-58, 2009-01-21
被引用文献数
1

本研究では、低コストで構築と維持が可能な、オンラインストレージと仮想マシンモニタを利用した小規模サーバ向け広域分散バックアップシステムを提案する。ユーザはバックアップ対象のサーバを拡張された仮想マシンモニタ上で動作させる。仮想マシンモニタは、サーバを含む仮想マシンのスナップショットを取得し、オンラインストレージに転送することにより広域分散バックアップを実現する。さらに差分バックアップによりバックアップデータを削減する。本システムを用いると、災害や盗難により建物内の全ての機器が利用できなくなった場合でも、サーバのデータを復元することができる。オンラインストレージには過去の全てのスナップショットが蓄積され、任意のスナップショットを復元することができる。復元の際には、本システムは各スナップショットの内部状態を示し、ユーザが適切なスナップショットを選ぶ作業を支援する。仮想マシンモニタとして QEMU、オンラインストレージとして Amazon S3 を利用して本システムを実装した。実験により、短いサーバダウンタイムと小さなデータ転送量でバックアップが行えることを確認した。In this paper, we propose a wide-area distributed backup system for small-scale servers that can be built and maintained with a low cost. The system utilizes online storage and a virtual machine monitor. The users run their servers on an extended virtual machine monitor, which backups the disk and memory of the servers by obtaining a snapshot of the underlying virtual machine. It achieves distributed backup by transferring snapshots to online storage. It reduces the size of transferred backup data by incremental backup. The users can restore their servers even when all machines in their building become unavailable due to disaster or theft. All snapshots are accumulated in the online storage and an arbitrary snapshot can be restored. In a restoration operation, the system shows the internal state of each snapshot and helps the users choose an appropriate one. We implemented the proposed system using the QEMU virtual machine monitor and the Amazon S3 online storage. We confirmed that the system could do backup with a short server downtime and a small amount of transferred data.
著者
坂口 太郎
出版者
公益財団法人 史学会
雑誌
史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.122, no.4, pp.459-497, 2013-04-20 (Released:2017-12-01)

In recent years, particular attention has been drawn to the retired Emperor Go-Uda's 後宇多 promotion of esoteric Buddhism and it surrounding cultural and political environment as the staging ground for the "anomalous (igyo 異形) monarchical regime" of his son Emperor Go-Daigo 後醍醐. This paper discusses the relation between the Daikakuji 大覚寺 line of imperial descent and its "monzeki" 門跡 (Buddhist temples designated for tonsured members of the imperial family, also referred by the title of monzeki) during the late Kamakura and Kenmu 建武 Regime periods, by focusing on prince-monk Shoen 性円 (Go-Daigo's brother), who was chosen as the Daikakuji Monzeki. Little is known about the early life of Shoen, who is generally referred to as "Daikakuji-miya"; however, the author's investigation of yet unpublished historical sources place him at Yasui Monzeki 安井門跡 (Rengeko-In 蓮華光院), which was affiliated to the Ninnaji-Goryu 仁和寺御流 branch of Shingon Buddhism. Given the additional fact that Go-Uda originally planned to take control of Ninnaji-Goryu, the author concludes that Shoen's assumption of Yasui Monzeki was part of his father's overall religious policy. Then Go-Uda founded the Daikakuji Monzeki, providing it with proprietary estates and sub-temples, and transfered his son to Daikakuji, making Shoen his possible successor. The author also points out that in his struggle with Ninnaji, Go-Uda bestowed on Shoen the second highest princely rank and such imperial household treasures as the cintamani jewel. Moreover, in his later years Go-Uda repeatedly performed esoteric Buddhist rituals for the protection of the Daikakuji line, and had Shoen participate in them to train him for his future calling. After Go-Uda's death, Shoen became the abbot of Daikakuji, supporting Go-Daigo, who sent his own son Gosho 恒性 to serve as a priest at Daikakuji, and the fact that Gosho would later be banished to Etchu 越中 Province by the Kamakura Bakufu and then assassinated shows without a doubt that he was part of the plan to overthrow that military regime. Hence, it is likely that because of its control over a large number of proprietary estates, Go-Daigo depended heavily on the Daikakuji Monzeki in his plans to overthrow the Bakufu. As for Shoen during the Kenmu era, in addition to his performance of esoteric Buddhist rituals, he served as a general on the field of battle. Moreover, after the fall of the Kenmu regime, Shoen continued to serve the Southern Court. Since the publication of Amino Yoshihiko's seminal work on the period in question, the research has been focused on the Shingon priest Monkan 文観, in order to elucidate the religious aspects of Go-Daigo and his reign. However, if one considers the historical developments from the time of Go-Uda, it becomes clear, as this article shows, that it was not Monkan, but rather the Daikakuji Monzeki allying with the Daikakuji line of descent led by Shoen, which lent the primary support to Go-Daigo's regime from within the walls of Shingon Buddhism.
著者
神谷 信明
出版者
岐阜市立女子短期大学
雑誌
岐阜市立女子短期大学研究紀要 (ISSN:09163174)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, pp.67-71, 2002

Hinduism,as a faith,is vague, amorphous,many sided, all things to all men. It is hardly possible to define it,or indeed to say definitely whether it is a religion or not,in the usual sense of the word. In its present form,and even in the past,it embraces many beliefs and practices, from the highest to the lowest, often opposed to or contradicting each other. Its essential spirit seems to be to live and let live. Here I examine the historical mutual relation between vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Hindus regard the cow as a holy animal in India. So they don't eat beef. This report reveals the historical background about livestock production in India.
出版者
愛知毎朝新聞社
巻号頁・発行日
1926
著者
Majid Ashraf Ganguie Behrouz Attarbashi Moghadam Nastaran Ghotbi Azadeh Shadmehr Mohammad Masoumi
出版者
The Society of Physical Therapy Science
雑誌
Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.12, pp.2133-2137, 2017 (Released:2017-12-07)
参考文献数
20

[Purpose] This study examined the immediate effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on a six-minute walking test, Borg scale questionnaire and hemodynamic responses in patients with chronic heart failure. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty patients with stable systolic chronic heart failure came to the pathophysiology laboratory three times. The tests were randomly performed in three sessions. In one session, current was applied to the quadriceps muscles of both extremities for 30 minutes and a six-minute walking test was performed immediately afterward. In another session, the same procedure was followed except that the current intensity was set to zero. In the third session, the patients walked for six minutes without application of a current. The distance covered in each session was measured. At the end of each session, the subjects completed a Borg scale questionnaire. [Results] The mean distance traveled in the six-minute walking test and the mean score of the Borg scale questionnaire were significantly different across sessions. The mean systolic and diastolic pressures showed no significant differences across sessions. [Conclusion] The increase in distance traveled during the six-minute walking test and decrease in fatigue after the use of current may be due to a decrease in sympathetic overactivity and an increase in peripheral and muscular microcirculation in these patients.

2 0 0 0 世論

著者
W. リップマン著 掛川トミ子訳
出版者
岩波書店
巻号頁・発行日
1987
著者
荒木 奈緒
出版者
日本助産学会
雑誌
日本助産学会誌 (ISSN:09176357)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.1, pp.89-98, 2006-06-02
被引用文献数
1 1

目的:羊水検査を受けるか否かを検討する妊婦はどのようなプロセスを辿って意思決定をするのか,その際の意思決定プロセスには一般的な意思決定プロセスとの差異があるのかを知ることにより,どのような援助が意思決定を行う妊婦の支援となるのかを明らかにすることを目的とする。対象と方法:対象は,研究参加の同意が得られ,今回の妊娠において羊水検査を受けるか否かを検討した体験を持つ妊婦5名。データ収集には半構造化面接法を用い,妊娠26週~30週の時期の1時点で実施した。得られたデータは面接内容を逐語録としてデータ化した後,内容を質的帰納的に分析した。結果:羊水検査を受けるか否かを決定する際の妊婦の意思決定プロセスを構成するカテゴリーは,≪妊娠の継続を自分に問う≫≪人工妊娠中絶に対する思いを自問する≫≪周囲の意見との照らし合わせ≫≪障害児育児を想像する≫の4つのカテゴリーが抽出された。意思決定プロセスの起点は,≪妊娠の継続を自分に問う≫という形で命に関する自己の価値観を明確化し妊娠の継続を検討することであった。このカテゴリーを起点とし≪人工妊娠中絶に対する思いを自問する≫ことによって自分の人工妊娠中絶に対する考え方を確認し,自分の価値観が周囲の身近な社会で受け入れられるのかを≪周囲の意見との照らし合わせ≫で十分に観察し,障害という視点から≪障害児育児を想像する≫し,育児の可能性を測った上で,検査を受けるか否かの最終意思決定を行うというプロセスが見出された。このプロセス中で羊水検査を受けた妊婦には,胎児に感じる愛着と五体満足でなければいけないという価値観との間で「揺れ」を感じ,検査結果がでるまで妊娠継続に関する決定を保留とし,検査を受ける決定を行なう過程が存在した。結論:羊水検査を受けるか否かを検討する妊婦は,検査結果による妊娠の継続に関することを最初に問題認識し検査を受けるか否かの検討を行なっていた。このプロセスの中で妊婦は,妊娠の継続から導き出された命の価値観と,胎児に対する感情や障害児育児に対する感情が相反した場合に「揺れ」を感じていた。特に検査結果で異常が指摘された場合に,人工妊娠中絶を受けることを考えている妊婦は,心理的重圧という問題を抱えており細心の配慮が必要である。Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the decision making process of pregnant women who have to consider whether to undergo amniocentesis or not. Methods: The subjects, who all gave their consent to be interviewed, were 5 women in their 26th to 30th week of pregnancy. The women were interviewed in a semi-structured manner and interviews were recorded and transcribed. A qualitative method was used for an in-depth analysis of the interviews. Units of meaningful descriptions were classified into various main categories. The categories were determined by making small changes after each interview. Results: Three of the 5 women refused to undergo amniocentesis and 2 agreed to it. As regards the process of decision making about whether to go through with the birth or have an abortion, four key categories to be pondered by the pregnant women were identified. These are as follows: 1) ask yourself whether to go ahead with the birth or not, 2) confirm your own sense of value about abortion, 3) judge your own opinion by comparing with that of others, 4) envisage what rearing a disabled infant would be like. The starting point of the process is that pregnant women ask yourself whether to go ahead with the birth or not. The process is not one-way to the determination. While the women are wavering mentally about whether or not to continue the pregnancy, they consider the ramifications of these four categories. Conclusion: The results suggest that this process of mental reflection and wavering over a period of time before the final decision is made is extremely important as it alleviates the pregnant woman's emotional conflict. The pregnant women feel wavering when they have the clash of their sense of values and their emotion. And an important matter is affirms the pregnant woman's emotional conflict and their sense of values.
著者
吉田 充
出版者
公益社団法人 日本食品科学工学会
雑誌
日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.9, pp.478-483, 2012-09-15 (Released:2012-10-31)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
2

Water is a principle factor determining the texture and quality of food. Water distribution in spaghetti during cooking and standing, and in rice grains during water soaking, were investigated using MRI. Formation of a moisture gradient was observed in a cross-section of boiled spaghetti strands, as a result of water diffusion from the surface to the core with starch gelatinization. Homogenization of water distribution was observed during standing of the boiled spaghetti. Water distribution in five types of cooked spaghetti was compared using MR images and water distribution profiles, enabling quantitative analysis of water diffusion. As for milled rice grains, water first penetrated the embryo attachment site and the surface of the ventral side of the endosperm, then migrated along the central line and transverse cracks, and finally diffused to all parts of the endosperm. The central part of the endosperm allowed more water to penetrate. In milled rice grains of the cultivar Yamadanishiki, which has a white core, water quickly infiltrated into the cracks or chalky parts on the dorsiventral line and then diffused to the lateral side of the grain. The route, pattern and speed of water penetration are determined by the morphological structure, crack formation and hardness distribution associated with the filling of starch granules in the grains.
著者
松本 孝 /若林 ゆう /池田 啓一 /山倉 文幸 若林 ゆう 池田 啓一 Keiichi IKEDA Fumiyuki YAMAKURA
出版者
昭和女子大学近代文化研究所
雑誌
學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.818, pp.35-39, 2008-12-01

Peroxynitrite, which is formed from the reaction of superoxide radical and nitric oxide, can cause specific structural modifications in proteins such as the addition of a nitro group onto aromatic residues. These modifications can cause perturbations in the properties of the proteins, such as conformation, catalytic activity, susceptibility to proteolysis, and immunogenicity, resulting in several human diseases. Finding a specific peroxynitrite scavenger is, therefore, of considerable importance. Accordingly, we assessed the scavenging ability of several biomolecules purchased from commercial sources on nitration of a protein by peroxynitrite at physiologic CO2 condition in vitro. In sixteen molecules tested, reduced redox-cofactors, and polyphenol-compounds were effective scavengers against peroxynitrite-mediated protein nitration in vitro and one of these, epigallocatechine was the most effective. It was also noticed that tryptophan and serotonin creatinine sulfate possessed relatively high scavenging abilities against peroxynitrite-mediated protein nitration in vitro.
著者
湯本 明子
出版者
愛知県立大学日本文化学部国語国文学科内あいち国文の会
雑誌
あいち国文 (ISSN:18821979)
巻号頁・発行日
no.10, pp.99-109, 2016-09-30 (Released:2017-03-29)
著者
庭野 ますみ 渡辺 はる香 古山 明子 板垣 史則 中村 純人 佐島 毅
出版者
公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会
雑誌
理学療法学Supplement
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2015, 2016

【はじめに,目的】障がいのある子どもをもつ親の研究はこれまで母親のショック反応,母親のもつ現実のストレスなどネガティブな側面に焦点をあてたものが多い。しかし日々の臨床現場で接する母親の中には家族や周囲からの理解と支援を得ながら子どもをたくましく育てている母親も存在する。ストレスフルな状況を体験してもそこから立ち直りを導く心理的特性をレジリエンスというが,本邦ではダウン症,発達障害の子どもをもつ母親の報告が存在するのみで,我が国の肢体不自由児の約半数を占める脳性麻痺の子どもをもつ母親のレジリエンスの報告はほとんどない。そこで,脳性麻痺の子どもをもつ母親のレジリエンスの実態を調査することを目的とした。【方法】対象は当院で理学療法を施行している脳性麻痺の子どもをもつ母親61名で,方法は無記名自記式質問紙法を施行した。調査項目は1.子どもの属性:年齢,性別,出生順位,粗大運動機能分類システム:Gross Motor Function Classification System(以下GMFCS),コミュニケーション能力,Barthel Index(以下BI),障害者手帳の等級 2.母親の属性:年齢,世帯構成,世帯収入,就労状況,告知のこと,育児中「力」になった・あるいは心の支えと感じた出会いやサポートの存在,家族のサポートに対する満足感 3:子育てレジリエンス尺度 4:育児負担感指標 5:精神的健康度日本版GHQ-12項目短縮版とした。レジリエンスに関連する要因を明らかにするために,統計解析として,記述統計の他,従属変数を子育レジリエンス尺度,説明変数を単変量解析にて関連性の見られた変数とした重回帰分析(強制投入法)を行った。有意水準は5%未満とした。【結果】子どもは3歳から46歳までの男性35名,女性24名でGMFCSがIVとVレベルの子どもが72%,BIが0点であるものが40%,身体障害者手帳1級を所持しているものが68%と重症の子どもが多い実態が明らかになった。母親の平均年齢は48.3±10.7歳(26~75歳)であった。母親の85%が夫婦と子どもの世帯であるが,そのほとんどが育児中に「力」になった出会いやサポートがあったと答えた。レジリエンスは母親の年齢,世帯収入,子どもの年齢,GMFCSとは関連がなかったが,重回帰分析の結果,家族のサポートに対する満足感(β値0.435)育児負担感指標(β値-0.507)精神的健康度日本版GHQ-12項目短縮版(β値0.627)が抽出された(調整済R二乗0.660)。【結論】脳性麻痺の子どもをもつ母親のレジリエンスは,家族のサポートに満足か否かという事と,育児負担感,精神的健康度と関連があった。レジリエンスは育児負担感の低減と精神的健康度の増進を促すことで高められる(尾野,2011)と示唆した先行研究と同様な結果が脳性麻痺の子どもをもつ母親においても認められた。
著者
根本 博明 山下 邦弘 西本 一志
出版者
情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告グループウェアとネットワークサービス(GN) (ISSN:09196072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2004, no.31, pp.49-54, 2004-03-18
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
5

従来の広告では,興味を示してくれたが行動を起こさない,潜在的には問い合わせたかもしれない読み手の存在を広告の発信者,つまり広告主は知る術がなかった.そこで本研究では,潜在的には問い合わせをする可能性を持つ読み手の存在を広告主が知ると同時に,読み手に対してPRを行え,さらに読み手が気軽に問い合わせを行い,広告主とリアルタイムでの交渉を行える機能を実装した電子広告システム,InteractiveFliersを構築した.プロトタイプにより約4週間の試用実験を行い,プロトタイプから得られた使用履歴の情報と55名の被験者に対するアンケート調査により,本システムの評価を行った.この結果,本システムの主要機能の有効性が検証され,広告主は読み手からの同期,非同期的な問い合わせを受けられることが分かった.In this paper, we propose an electric advertisement system named "InteractiveFliers" that allows advertisers and advertisees to communicate about the contents in real time manner. The advertisers can know people who are reading that advertisement now and can make appeal to them immediately. This real-time PR appears on the advertisement in the large-sized displays. If the advertisee finds the PR on an advertisement and wants to inquire to the advertiser about the contents, he/she can communicate with the advertiser with using the chat function of InteractiveFliers on the spot. We cofirmed that InteractiveFliers can promote a real-time communication between the advertiser and the advertisee through experiments.
著者
井上 忠
出版者
聖徳大学
雑誌
研究紀要. 第一分冊, 人文学部 (ISSN:09166653)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, pp.1-6, 1997