著者

龍岡 文夫 舘山 勝 平川 大貴 渡辺 健治 清田 隆

出版者

国際ジオシンセティックス学会 日本支部

雑誌

ジオシンセティックス論文集 (ISSN:13446193)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.205-210, 2009 (Released:2010-01-22)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

4 7

---

GRS一体橋梁は、従来形式の橋梁を「構造工学の立場から改良した一体橋梁は連続桁とRC竪壁(壁面工)が一体の一体橋梁(Integral bridge)」と「地盤工学の立場から改良したGRS擁壁を橋台とした橋梁」を合体させたものである。GRSは、Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil(ジオシンセティックス補強土)を意味する。GRS一体橋梁の構造的特徴は、連続桁・壁面工と壁面工背面に定着したジオシンセティックスで補強した盛土の一体化である。支沓の省略と連続桁の使用により建設・維持費が削減される一方、構造的に安定化している。すなわち、竪壁は多層補強材で支持された小支点間距離多支点支持の連続梁であるため構造が簡略化できる。盛土補強により、橋桁の温度収縮膨張に伴う水平繰返し変位による盛土の主働崩壊を防げ残留沈下を極小化し、常時の交通荷重による壁面工背後の盛土の沈下を防ぎ、壁面工は上昇した受働土圧に対して安定を保つ。橋桁・竪壁・補強盛土の全体系が一体構造であるため、耐震性も高い。施工上の特徴は、補強盛土の建設による盛土・支持層の変形が終了した後、剛で一体のRC壁面工を補強盛土と一体化になるように建設し、次に橋桁を壁面工と一体化するようにして建設する、と言う段階施工である。段階施工により、壁面近くの盛土は良く締固まり、壁面工と補強材の相対沈下による損傷を防ぎ、杭基礎の必要性が減じる。

著者

安藤 一男

出版者

日本第四紀学会

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.165-176, 1986-12-31 (Released:2009-08-21)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6 8

---

Minuma Lowland is an erosional valley that lies in the Oomiya Upland, Saitama Prefecture. The author has investigated the stratigraphy of the Holocene deposit filling the erosional valley. The surface deposit is about 6.5 meters thick and is composed of peat and gray clay. This is underlain by a sand bed over 6-15 meters thick. Moreover, the author has investigated the Holocene Paleoenvironments and the highest sea level based on the diatom assemblages contained in their deposits in the Minuma Lowland. Diatom assemblages from this area showed that the highest level of the sea attained was at least +3.9-+4.1 meters above sea level. The highest stage of the sea level is probably younger than about 5950-5540y.B.P.

著者

井関 和代

出版者

日本アフリカ学会

雑誌

アフリカ研究 (ISSN:00654140)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1982, no.21, pp.57-74, 1982-03-30 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

8

---

There are, at present, in Togo and Ghana, numerous textile workshops where long, narrow strip cloth of a width of approximately ten centimeters, are woven. These long strips are sewn together to produce one large piece of cloth which is then used as wearing apparel. Kente cloth, the representative type from this region, was in the past used only as clothing by the court of the Asante kingdom. In recent times, Kente cloth began to be worn by the general population and now it is produced by both the Ewe as well as the Asante. As the finished cloth was quite similar, it was not clear, however, whether or not these two different peoples employed exactly the same techniques during the weaving process. In order to determine where such points of similarity or difference in method might exist, this author spent the three months from December 1980 to March 1981 at the workshop of Mr. Adjakpley Kafu Mawu, located in Asshoun in the village of Tsévié, which is located in the coastal region of the Republic of Togo. The results of the investigation, described below, indicate that there are, in fact, striking differences between the respective techniques used in the preparation, that is, the looming of the warp threads.The production of Kente cloth begins by counting out the desired number of threads and cutting them to the length of what will be the finished material. Each tribe uses both different numbers of warpbeams and spaces them differently, and the methods by which the warp threads are wound are completely different. In order to loom the threads, by passing them through the heddles and reeds, the Ewe let them hang from the loom where as the Asante spread them on the ground. In addition to such technical differences, the looms themselves are not identical. Although both peoples use standing looms, the Ewe use crossbeams around which the finished cloth is wound as well as backbeams which form part of the posts of the loom, and are therefore fixed in position. The Asante, on the other hand, arrange these two features so that they can be adjusted to the seated height of the weaver. In addition, the Ewe use stone blocks or string to fix the crossbeams into position, while the Asante employ the backbeams for this purpose. Nevertheless, when the Kente cloth is finally removed from the loom, it is impossible to tell from the finished product alone whether the weaver was an Ewe or an Asante.If only the production techniques form the basis of comparison, it may be said that those of the Asante are superior. In defense, however, it must be noted that the Ewe have only recently begun to weave this type of cloth. The traditional techniques which the Ewe have preserved over the years are manifested in their production of this type of cloth as well as in the traditional cloth which they have always produced, known as Lokpo cloth, and it is only in the final designs that are woven into the finished cloth that the Asante features can be seen.

著者

IZUMI NAKAMURA MASASHI KANAZAWA YU SATO ATSUSHI IRISAWA TADAYUKI TAKAGI TAKASHI OGATA SHOGO KASHIMURA AKIRA KENJO HIROYUKI SUZUKI MASAHIKO SHIBATA TATSUO SHIMURA HIROMASA OHIRA MITSUKAZU GOTO SEIICHI TAKENOSHITA HITOSHI OHTO

出版者

福島医学会

雑誌

FUKUSHIMA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:00162590)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.40-48, 2012 (Released:2012-06-28)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

4 7 5

---

Dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that have attracted attention in recent years from the viewpoint of DC vaccine therapy against cancer. However, the existence of a strongly immunosuppressed state in cancer-bearing individuals inhibits DC maturation, which is one of the problems facing anti-cancer DC vaccine therapy. Isolated DCs loaded with tumor antigen ex vivo and administered as a cellular vaccine have been found to induce protective and therapeutic anti-tumor immunity in experimental animals. In clinical trials of DC vaccination for cancer patients, induction of anti-tumor immune responses and tumor regression has been observed. In this study, eighty-one advanced cancer patients unsuccessfully treated by established treatment in individual cases were selected between January 2002 and May 2007 at Fukushima Medical University. The usefulness of DC therapy was investigated by intradermal injection of peptide pulsed DCs for an overall objective response rate of 28.0%. Furthermore, direct injection of immature DCs into tumor extracted an overall objective response rate of 35.7%, and especially 40.0% for advanced pancreatic cancer by using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle injection technique as a novel approach. These results indicate that DC-based vaccination could be a promising treatment modality for various cancers, however multiple hurdles must be cleared before the development of an affordable DC-based vaccination can be used worldwide.

著者

近松 一朗 増山 敬祐

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, no.2, pp.87-94, 2012 (Released:2012-02-01)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

---

Cancer immunotherapy is designed to activate and up-regulate the host immune responses against tumor cells and is currently in use or under investigation for cancer treatments. Although tumor cells can use a variety of mechanisms to create an immunosuppressive environment, many agents and strategies to reduce or eliminate tumor-induced immune suppression are either being developed or already in clinical trials. This review deals with recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on new strategies to enhance antitumor immunity. Numerous approaches have been tested for the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines. Recently, several promising reports suggest that clinical benefit has been shown in randomized phase III trials for vaccines against prostate cancer, follicular lymphoma, and melanoma. Moreover, in 2010, the first patient-specific immunotherapy (sipuleucel-T) was approved by the FDA for the treatment of prostate cancer. On the other hand, some chemotherapeutic agents such as cyclophosphamide and docetaxel, have direct effects on the immune system that is likely to contribute to an improved antitumor immunity. Therefore, cancer immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy may represent one approach for breaking tumor-induced immune suppression. To date, a number of monoclonal antibodies are in use or under evaluation. Among these antibodies, blocking negative immunoregulatory receptors, CTLA-4 and PD-1, also represent a new strategy to induce antitumor immunity by manipulation of the immune system. In clinical trials, these antibodies could increase anti-tumor T-cell immunity and result in objective tumor regression in some patients. Thus, accumulating data from recent cancer vaccine trials, the manipulation of immune suppression using chemotherapeutic agents, and the use of immune-stimulatory antibodies raise the hope that immunotherapy could become the fourth modality of cancer treatment. Based on these new findings, in our hospital, a clinical trial using dendritic cells combined with low dose cyclophosphamide and docetaxel in patients with relapsed and refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is under way (UMIN000003725, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01149902). In the near future, various immunotherapeutic modalities will most probably be applied as novel approaches in the treatment of head and neck cancer.

著者

香川 理威 兼松 真 杉浦 正昭

出版者

日本応用動物昆虫学会

雑誌

日本応用動物昆虫学会誌 (ISSN:00214914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.114-117, 2012-08-25 (Released:2012-09-20)

参考文献数

17

---

We examined the color preference of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) under different illumination conditions. The results of a gray-scale experiment showed that D. melanogaster was attracted to less bright colors, with the highest attraction to black. The preference for black became stronger with an increase in the surrounding illumination; therefore, we suggest that D. melanogaster can see dark regions by recognizing the contrast at the periphery. Moreover, many D. melanogaster flies were attracted to both black and red below 1,500 lx but were not strongly attracted to any specific color under 500 lx, suggesting that the ability of D. melanogaster to differentiate between colors decreases under this illumination condition. Regardless of the illumination, D. melanogaster was attracted to green at a fixed ratio. These results suggest that the most effective method of attracting D. melanogaster under various illumination conditions is to use only black objects or a combination of objects in black and other colors (green or red).

著者

Jeong-Yoo KIM

出版者

Japanese Association For Mathematical Sociology

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.95-106, 2010-03-31 (Released:2010-10-03)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 4

---

I consider the issue of optimal targeting in information diffusion networks. The initial information possessor is to target a single node so as to diffuse the information to all other nodes most effectively. For the purpose, the concept of closeness centrality may be useful, but if the value from delayed information is discounted by a discount factor, the concept should be properly modified. With this respect, I propose a modified concept of closeness centrality which I will call δ-(closeness)-centrality. The δ-centrality of a node is defined by the sum of discounted values generated from information transmission starting from the node given discount factor δ. Some advantages of δ-centrality over the closeness centrality are discussed.

著者

中村 康雄 林 豊彦 中村 真里 建道 寿教 信原 克哉 菊入 大輔 桐生 慎哉

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.111-121, 2004 (Released:2005-04-15)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 1 2

---

Diagnosis of a shoulder joint injury, particularly one brought about during sports activities, necessitates measurement of its motion accurately and noninvasively. Conventional measurement of shoulder joint movement, however, deals solely with relative movement between humerus and thorax, neglecting other components of the joint. We have focused on 6-DOF measurement of scapula movement relative to the thorax, a subdominant component of shoulder movement. Such motion data, however, cannot easily be obtained by means of a marker-based motion-capture system, due to the skin mobility relative to the skeleton. The objective of this study was to validate measurement accuracy of scapula movement when measuring markers are attached to the skin above the scapula’s bony landmarks.We employed an open MRI (Magnetom Open, Siemens, Germany) to measure the shoulder joint and markers attached to the subject’s skin. Five and three markers were attached to the skin above the scapula and thorax, respectively. Three volunteers (24.0±2.64 years old), who possessed no distinct kinetic dysfunctions in their shoulders, served as subjects, in this preliminary study. Their shoulder movements were sampled at three humeral elevation angles (0°, 90°, 150°) on a frontal plane by open MRI. In order to reduce the skin mobility, the same movements were recorded, using a more accurate method in which the scapula’s markers were relocated into correct positions, determined through the palpation of an experienced physical therapist, at each humeral elevation. In an attempt to validate the skin mobility, we measured the deviation of the markers from the scapula’s bony landmarks during humeral elevation. Next, the scapula movements were estimated by two different methods as follows: the registration technique using bony shape and the least squares method using the set of markers.The results demonstrated that the deviation of the markers could be reduced into less than or equal to 19.0 mm if the markers were remounted at each elevation angle. Using the remounted markers, we verified the estimated error of position and orientation of the scapula to lie within 10.1° and 6.4 mm, respectively.In conclusion, we validated measurement accuracy of the scapula movement using skin markers above the scapula’s bony landmarks. The results showed that a motion-capture system is capable of quantitatively measuring the static shoulder joint movement with the scapula.

著者

深澤 達也 藤村 英一 加納 直行 牧本 一男

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.8, pp.1761-1766, 1981-08-01 (Released:2011-11-04)

参考文献数

6

---

Differentiated thyroid cancer is regarded to be of low grade malignancy with a good prognosis. We made statistical analyses of 138 cases of differentiated thyroid cancer treated in Kyoto University during the past ten years.Our study proved the propriety of the standard surgical procedures for thyroid cancer. These established indications of surgical procedure for various stages of the cancer were found to have been properly followed in our series. This could conceivably be related to a lower recurrence rate in our series.

著者

村上 真完

出版者

JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES

雑誌

印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.856-849,1269, 2007-03-20 (Released:2010-07-01)

---

It is to be reconsidered how to study Early Buddhism. I stress the importance of the text-critical investigations and demonstrations.It seems peculiar to Buddhism from early on that our human existence is analytically grasped as consisting of five aggregates (khandha), i. e. the sensible (rupa), sensation (vedana), conceptual image (sañña), mental and physical latent forces (samkhara) and cognition (viññana). But there are other orders of aggregates. According to the traditions of the Vedanta, i. e., Sankara and others (ad Brahma-sutra 2.2.18) the order is rupa-vijñana-vedana-samjña-samskara, and according to Jaina-tradition, i. e., Haribhadra-suri (Saddarsana-samuccaya 1.5) it is vijñanam vedana samjña samskaro rupam. Harivarman's Chengshi lun 成実論 (vol. 3, T. 32, No. 1646, 261a7-) which was translated by Kumarajiva in 412 enumerates rupa-vijñana-samjña-vedana-samskara. In the fifth century Buddhaghosa in his Visuddhimagga (PTS ed. 45215-) explained the five aggregates in the same order as that of Sankara's enumeration. So Sankara and others must have had some credible Buddhist sources.I investigate original and developed meanings of each of the five aggregates, and lastly consider the original and developed meaning of nama-rupa (name and form) which is looked upon as the cause (samudaya) of cognition (viññana) It means originally name and personal looks, then mind and body, and is explained as being composed of five aggregates or four aggregates except cognition.

著者

Takuma AOKI Keisuke SUGIMOTO Hiroshi SUNAHARA Yoko FUJII

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0322, (Released:2012-09-18)

被引用文献数

8 14

---

We report two feline cases of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The subjects were both intact domestic shorthair cats, a 4-month-old, 2.5 kg male (case 1) and an 8-month-old, 2.12 kg female (case 2). At the first presentation, left-sided congestive heart failure was diagnosed in case 1 and severe aortic stenosis (AS) in case 2. Following surgical ligation of the ductus arteriosus (DA), furosemide therapy was no longer required in case 1, and the severe AS improved to mild status in case 2 perhaps because of reduced volume overload. In case 2, severe hypoxemia was revealed after surgery; however, this normalized within 96 days after surgery.

著者

松永 有見

出版者

密教研究会

雑誌

密教研究 (ISSN:18843441)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1940, no.74, pp.81-91, 1940-10-08 (Released:2010-03-16)

著者

有国 富夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.4, pp.284-301, 2003 (Released:2009-06-05)

参考文献数

39

---

Recently, many functional areas have been identified in the parietal cortex of the brain in monkeys, and owing to this, cytoarchitectonic subdivision has been elaborated in the monkey parietal cortex. This review deals with sulcal patterns of the parietal lobe in human and monkey brains, and corticocortical connections of both neurophysiologi-cally defined regions and cytoarchitectonic areas of the parietal cortex in monkeys. The author proposes that the transverse occipital sulcus is a boundary between the parietal and occipital cortices in the human brain. A brain map of the monkey is presented. The parietal cortical areas are subdivided into somatosensory, eye movement related, hand or upper limb movement related, vestibular, and auditory areas, according to neu-rophysiologically defined functions of individual cortical areas. The somatosensory system contains areas 3a, 3b, 1, 2, 5, 7b, and SII: S1 projects to motor and premotor areas and somatosensory association areas project to premotor areas, the prefrontal, temporal, and limbic cortices, and the hippocampus. The eye movement system is composed of areas 7a, LIP, and PIP: It receives input from visual and temporal cortices and sends output to premotor areas, the prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampus. Hand movements are mediated in areas AIP, VIP, CIP, MIP, PEc, and V6A: These areas receive afferents from somatosensory areas, visual and temporal cortices and send efferents to the ventral premotor area. The vestibular functions are executed by coordination of areas 3aNV, 3aHV, 2NV, Ri, and VPS: These areas reciprocate with the cingulate cortex and insula and project to the ventral premotor area, SWA, and frontal eye field. The auditory system involves areas VIP and LIP: It receives afferents from the superior temporal sulcal cortex and sends efferents to the premotor area, frontal eye field, and prefrontal cortex.

著者

塚本 啓祥

出版者

JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES

雑誌

印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.551-559, 1974-03-31 (Released:2010-03-09)

著者

浅田 昭司

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.6, pp.425-433, 2012-09-01 (Released:2012-09-01)

著者

Hiromasa Tsuda Kozue Tanaka

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.15, pp.2031-2034, 2012 (Released:2012-08-01)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

5 9

---

We report two cases of isolated unilateral pupil-sparing partial fascicular oculomotor paresis. Patient 1 was a 72-year-old man who developed left-sided palsy of the inferior rectus muscle (IR), medial rectus muscle (MR), superior rectus muscle (SR), inferior oblique muscle (IO), and levator palpebrae superioris (LP) due to infarction of the left paramedian thalamic artery. Patient 2 was a 70-year-old woman who developed right-sided palsy of MR, SR, IO and LP due to infarction of the right superior paramedian mesencephalic artery. These results suggest that the fibers to IR may be located in the most rostral portion of the oculomotor fascicles.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.5, pp.282-293, 1996-05-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

著者

飯利 太朗 槙田 紀子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.5, pp.244-247, 2009 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

29

---

古典的なGタンパク質共役受容体(GPCR)のtwo-stateモデルでは,GPCRは活性型と不活性型との間で平衡状態にあり,各GPCR作動薬はその平衡状態をシフトさせる方向性からアゴニスト,インバースアゴニスト,アンタゴニストと分類されてきた.最近,GPCRは活性型,不活性型いずれにおいても無数の高次構造を取り得ると考えるmulti-stateモデルを支持するデータが集積している.このモデルでは,各作動薬はそれぞれユニークなGPCRの高次構造を認識して結合しこれを安定化させると考えられる.GPCRの個々の高次構造において潜在的にそれぞれ異なる機能を発揮すると考えられる.この考えに基づけば,あるユニークなアゴニストあるいは通常のアゴニストとアロステリックに作用する調節因子の作用のもとに,本来複数のGタンパク質を活性化するGPCRを介して,あるシグナル系のみを特異的に活性化(機能選択的活性化)することも夢ではない.今回,我々が疾患で発見解析したCa感知受容体に作用する自己抗体は,こうした機能選択的活性化を可能にするアロステリックに作用する調節因子であった.このきわめてまれな疾患の解析結果は,同様な機能選択的な活性化が生理的にも作動していることを暗示しているのかもしれない.さらに,GPCRの機能選択的な調節をターゲットとする薬剤の開発は,今後のGPCR作動薬分野の創薬における新しく重要な方向性を示していると考えられる.

著者

市野 順子 田野 俊一

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.504-513, 2010 (Released:2010-04-13)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1

---

In this study, we investigated the relationship between phases of meeting and non-verbal speech information. We considered that conversations at the meeting must show information to phases of the meeting as non-verbal features. We attempted to discriminate between the divergence phase and the convergence phase by the decision tree method using only non-verbal speech information. We performed an experiment with a group task based on a modification of the game Twenty-Questions and recorded participants' speech data. In a discrimination test, we used the recorded speech, and defined non-verbal speech features such as switching pauses (i.e. silent intervals between the utterance of two speakers), frequency for each turn-taking pattern and duration. We conducted the two discrimination tests for using parameters with friends group, with strangers group and with both groups. From the results, the accuracy of the open test is 77.3%, 85.2% and 77.3%, respectively. Taking into account only non-verbal speech information was used, we consider these results to be fairly good.

著者

秋元 波留夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本てんかん学会

雑誌

てんかん研究 (ISSN:09120890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.1-12, 1989-04-30 (Released:2011-01-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

---

John Huhlings Jacksonのてんかん研究について, その現代てんかん学にもたらした寄与に視点をおいて考察を加えた。その主要な点は次のように要約される。Jacksonは19世紀神経学の常識であった「ほんとのてんかん」(いわゆる真正てんかん) と「てんかん様けいれん」(Bravais-Jacksonてんかん) とのいわれのない差別を打破した。真正てんかんは唯一のてんかんであるという特権を剥奪され, てんかん群の一つに格下げされ, 新しいてんかん概念が確立された。新しいてんかん概念はJacksonの「てんかんは機会的, 突然, 過度, 急激, そして局所的な灰白質の発射を意味する名称である」という定義に基づいている。その病理学的原因および臨床形態は多様であり, 1985年ILAEてんかん国際分類が提示するようにさまざまなてんかんおよびてんかん症候群が存在する。この意味においててんかんは複数である。しかし, それにもかかわらず, あらゆるてんかんは共通の神経系機能障害-Jacksonの定義した灰白質の過度発射-を有するという意味において単数のてんかんである。てんかん学存立の根拠はここに求められる。