著者
関澤 偲温 宮坂 貴文 中村 尚 Akihiko Shinpo Kazuto Takemura 前田 修平
出版者
日本地球惑星科学連合
雑誌
日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会
巻号頁・発行日
2019-03-14

Western Japan experienced torrential rainfall in early July 2018, which caused severe floods and landslides especially over western Japan. Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that this extreme event was associated with extreme enhancement of northward moisture flux and its convergence over western Japan. Some recent studies have pointed out an essential role of surrounding oceans for extreme rainfall events through the anomalous heat and moisture supply to the warm, moist monsoonal airflow. This study investigates anomalous oceanic evaporation during the torrential rainfall event over western Japan based on the objective analysis data from the JMA Meso-Scale Model. We have found that the heavy rainfall was associated with enhanced oceanic evaporation extensively around Japan, especially along the Kuroshio and entirely over the Japan Sea. We then conducted a linear decomposition of local surface latent heat flux anomalies based on the bulk formula to determine factors for the enhanced evaporation. Our results show that the enhanced evaporation under the pronounced southerly inflow toward the extreme rainfall region was mainly due to increase in the surface wind speed along the Kuroshio south of Japan, with an additional contribution from warm SST anomalies to the enhanced moisture inflow into central Japan. In order to quantitatively assess contribution of the enhanced evaporation to anomalous moisture transport in the mixed layer, we also performed a backward trajectory analysis for moist air parcels. It reveals that anomalous moisture supply from the ocean to air parcels along trajectories is dominated by enhanced evaporation due to the stronger surface wind speed, which corresponds to about 20 % of the column water vapor anomaly and about 5 % of the total column water vapor.
著者
関澤 偲温 中村 尚 小坂 優
出版者
日本地球惑星科学連合
雑誌
日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会
巻号頁・発行日
2018-03-14

Variability of convective activity over the Maritime Continent (MC) influences climatic condition over East Asia via atmospheric teleconnections, through which SST variability such as ENSO is considered to provide seasonal predictability. In boreal winter, interannual variability of convection is centered around Indonesia and northern Australia, representing significant variability in the Australian summer monsoon (AUSM). Through an analysis of observational data, we show that interannual variability of austral summertime precipitation over northern Australia is hardly driven by tropical SST variability and is dominated by the internal variability of AUSM. Our analysis suggests that anomalously active AUSM sustains itself by inducing anomalous low-level westerlies over the eastern Indian Ocean and enhancing surface evaporation and moisture inflow into northern Australia. Anomalous AUSM activity is associated with distinct wavetrain pattern from the MC toward the extratropical North Pacific with dipolar pressure anomalies resembling the Western Pacific pattern. This teleconnection modulates the East Asian winter monsoon and exerts a significant impact on wintertime temperature and precipitation especially in Japan and Korea. This study reveals that interannual variability of the AUSM, which is unforced locally or remotely by tropical SST variability, substantially limits seasonal predictability in wintertime East Asia.
著者
佐宗 晃 中村 尚五
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会論文誌. A, 基礎・境界 (ISSN:09135707)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.80, no.11, pp.1848-1856, 1997-11-25
被引用文献数
8

音声のピッチ抽出が困難であるとされてきた一つの要因に, その変化が非定常で広範囲にわたることが挙げられる. 従来法の多くは固定幅の解析フレーム内で音声が定常的であると仮定しているため, 本質的に抽出誤差を生じてしまう. これを改善するために時間-周波数平面上で解像度を動的に変化できるウェーブレット変換をピッチ抽出に応用する試みがなされている[5], [6]. 本論文では, サブバンドフィルタバンクで効率的に計算できる離散ウェーブレット変換を, 基本波フィルタリングに用いたピッチ抽出の実現法を提案する. サブバンドフィルタバンクは内部でダウンサンプリングを行うので, 基本波フィルタリングの際にエイリアスが間題になる. 提案法では, 入力信号のスケーリングにより, エイリアス問題を回避する. コンピュータシミュレーションでは, 第3高調波まで加え, 時間的変化が高周波になるほど早くなるように, ピッチ周波数を指数的に増加させて合成した試験信号と, 実際の音声に対して行った. 試験信号の場合は, ピッチ周波数によらず誤差率約±2%内で検出できていることが確認できた.
著者
中村 尚弘
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.567, pp.63-70, 2003
被引用文献数
9 3

In order to perform time history earthquake response analyses in consideration of both the dynamic soil-structure interaction and the nonlinear behavior of the structure, it is important to transform the soil impedance in the frequency domain to an impulse response in the time domain. The author have studied the time domain evaluation of soil impedance, and proposed a transform method. In this paper, deeply embedded structures in the layered soil were investigated based on embedded SR model. The strong frequency dependent soil impedance was transformed to the impulse response, and earthquake response analyses were carried out in the time domain. The efficacy of the proposed method was confirmed through these studies.
著者
中村 尚司 津田 守 広岡 博之 河村 能夫 鶴見 良行
出版者
龍谷大学
雑誌
重点領域研究
巻号頁・発行日
1993

政治的な独立を達成した後に野心的な工業化が進めたアジア諸国では、急激な社会生活の変化と環境破壊を引き起した。南北間の経済格差とともに、南側諸国内における社会階層間や地域間の格差拡大も深刻である。永続可能な発展を目標にして、環境問題に配慮した新しい南北問題の社会経済指標を検討する必要がある。すでに、世界銀行や国連諸機関では、経済成長率以外の要因を加えた各種の社会経済指標を発表している。本研究は、社会経済発展に関する既存の諸指標を批判的に検討する一方、適切な代案を模索する。本年度は、4回にわたる研究会を開催し、調査研究の方法に関する考察を中心に、「厚生の指標について」、「社会経済指標の研究方法」、「循環、多様、関係という視点からみた発展指標」、「アジアにおける経済格差研究の問題点」、「農村における貧困研究の国際比較」という報告と討論を行ない、個別的な地域の課題として、「フィリッピンにおける経済発展の特質」、「仏教復興運動と農村開発」、「農村金融とエンパワーメント」などのテーマを取り上げ、実証的な報告とその批判的な検討を行なった。その一方で、東南アジアと南アジアの諸地域におけるフィールド7-7によって得られたデータに基づき、それぞれの地域社会の具体的な特殊性を考察して、国際機関による南北格差の指標の現実性を検討し、問題点の指摘を試みた。南側の対象地域としては、フィリピン、タイ、マレーシア、バングラデシュおよびスリランカを取り上げた。南北の比較に必要な北側の代表的な地域として、日本とアメリカ合衆国の対照的な指標を取り上げて吟味した。
著者
長岡 和則 古渡 意彦 佐藤 昭二 虻川 成司 樋口 英雄 中村 尚司
出版者
Japan Health Physics Society
雑誌
保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.4, pp.352-361, 2004 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
4 6

Field measurements of the cosmic-ray neutron dose rate on the ground using the neutron dose-equivalent counter developed by Nakamura were conducted in order to allow an understanding of neutron dose rate distribution in Japan. The effects of altitude, geomagnetic latitude, snowfall and rainfall on the neutron dose rate were confirmed from the results of the field measurements. Altitude variation can be fitted to an exponential function (eαZ), where Z is altitude (km). The α value for the neutron dose rate increased with increasing geomagnetic latitude, 0.6-0.8(km-1) at latitudes 20°-40°. Roughly, α=0.01×L+0.4 (for Z under 2km), where L is the geomagnetic latitude(°). The effect of geomagnetic latitude on the neutron dose rate was approximately 2% per degree(°) at latitudes 20°-40° Reductions in neutron dose rate due to snowfall and rainfall are caused by a decrease in component backscattering from wet ground surfaces. The neutron dose rate (H*(10)) at sea level at a geomagnetic latitude near 25° in 2002 was approximately 4nSv/h, and the neutron dose rate obtained from the neutron energy spectrum up to 400MeV with the Bonner sphere counter developed by Uwamino was 5.7nSv/h. This difference may by due to the low sensitivity of the dose-equivalent counter to neutrons with energies above 15MeV.
著者
浜 克己 中村 尚彦 鈴木 学
出版者
公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会
雑誌
計測自動制御学会論文集 (ISSN:04534654)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.1, pp.58-65, 2021 (Released:2021-01-21)
参考文献数
18

In Japan, the number of elderly households facing difficulties in snow removal work is increasing due to the rapid aging and depopulation. Moreover, because of the declining birthrate, human resources needed for the work are insufficient. Therefore the elderly are forced to do the snow removal work on their own, and as a consequence serious accidents may occur during the work. Currently, as a means for solving this problem, there are snow removal substitution services and construction of electric road heating. However, they are not definitive solutions since they are very expensive. The purpose of this study is to develop an autonomous robot system which can perform snow removing with low cost and simple construction. Through the experiments using the prototype, and the cost estimate that assumed practical use, the effectiveness of this system was confirmed.

1 0 0 0 北極振動

著者
中村 尚
出版者
日本気象学会
雑誌
天気 (ISSN:05460921)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.8, pp.687-689, 2002-08-31
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
4
著者
梅野 貴裕 細川 忍 森田 絢子 中村 尚季 塩尻 正明 佐久川 亮 小倉 里奈 林 栄子 斎藤 利江子 増田 雅史 林 敦志 高橋 友香 田村 麻衣子 別所 昭宏
出版者
岡山赤十字病院
雑誌
岡山赤十字病院医学雑誌 (ISSN:09158073)
巻号頁・発行日
no.30, pp.14-19, 2019-11

肺クリプトコッカス症は髄膜炎発症例では重症化の恐れもあり,早期診断・治療が重要である.本疾患における早期診断や診断精度の向上に対する気管支鏡検査時のrapid on-site evaluation(ROSE)の有用性について後方視的に検討を行った.2015年4 月から2019年6 月の間に当院において,気管支鏡検査時にROSE を併用して診断した肺クリプトコッカス症の 8 例を対象とし,臨床像や臨床経過とともに気管支鏡検査時のROSE 結果と病理学的・真菌学的所見との比較を検討した.ROSE の所見は8 例全ての症例で莢膜を有する菌体と多核巨細胞を確認できており,組織診の所見と一致していた.1 例を除く7 例で培養陽性であった.また,基礎疾患を有する症例では気管支鏡検査後1 ~14日(中央値3 日)で治療導入を行っていた.本疾患において,ROSE の併用は診断精度の向上のみならず,早期の診断や治療に対しても有用である可能性が示唆された.
著者
瀧井 一博 大久保 健晴 勝部 眞人 植村 和秀 永井 史男 谷川 穣 前田 勉 國分 典子 五百籏頭 薫 小川原 正道 松田 宏一郎 島田 幸典 佐野 真由子 塩出 浩之 福岡 万里子 中村 尚史 牛村 圭 今野 元 山田 央子 清水 唯一朗 岩谷 十郎 奈良岡 聰智 Breen John
出版者
国際日本文化研究センター
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2016-04-01

明治維新から150年が経過した。日本は今、明治日本という西洋近代に対する稀有なキャッチアップを遂げた自らの歴史的経験を振り返り、その経験を学術的に分析して、その功罪を人類の歴史的遺産として今後似たような歩みをするかもしれない世界中の他の国々や地域に対して提供する使命を有しているといえる。本研究課題においては、明治日本の世界史的意義を学際的かつ内在的に把握するための研究ネットワークを構築することが掲げられた。そのために、海外の研究者とも積極的に連携して、明治史のグローバルな関心と日本の学界を接合することを促進した。
著者
中村尚司
出版者
日本評論社
雑誌
参加型開発
巻号頁・発行日
2002
被引用文献数
1
著者
中村 尚史
出版者
経営史学会
雑誌
経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.2, pp.27-58, 2003-09-25 (Released:2009-11-06)
被引用文献数
1

The purpose of this paper is to shed new light on the relationship between local wealth holders and Japan's industrialization, with particular focus on the enterprising booms in provincial areas during the Meiji Era. It examines the case of the Hiroumi family, the largest manure merchant in the town of Kaizuka in Sennan, Osaka. The following are the significant findings made : (1) The investment behavior of the Hiroumi family changed around the time of the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95). Before the war, Hiroumi depended mainly on income from its manure business. However, the family began to invest in stocks, especially those of local enterprises, after the war, and stock investment eventually became the family's most important source of income in 1897. Since then, the Hiroumi continued to invest in local enterprises and contributed to the industrialization of Sennan area.(2) The Hiroumis' investment behavior had two characteristics : First, in selecting the firms to invest in, the family carefully researched their potentials as well as the reputations of their founders. Second, the family continued to monitor the firms it had invested in and decided to reinvest in them only after screening their performances. Furthermore, the family became actively involved in the corporate restructuring of firms if necessary. In this fashion, by channeling the region's limited financial resources only to firms with potential, the Hiroumi family contributed to the continuing growth of local enterprises in the area.(3) In the industrialization of the region, the Hiroumis played a role similar to that of an investment banker, and many other local wealth holders like the Hiroumis similarly supported the continuing rise of local enterprises in Sennan area. The existence of those local wealth holders was one of the factors that sustained the “provincial vitality” of the Sennan area throughout the prewar period.
著者
中村 尚史
出版者
経営史学会
雑誌
経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.3, pp.1-38, 1995-10-30 (Released:2009-11-06)

In the 1880s, a lot of railway companies were established in Japan. Many of them were promoted by provincial governors, for the purpose of stimulating of the development of industry in local communities. Therefore, in the early years, the railway companies had problems becoming independent of local interests.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the formative process of the top-management structure of Kyushu Railway Company from 1886 to 1890, and to shed light on the relationship between a railway company and local communities in modern Japan.The conclusion of this paper is as follows : 1. At the start, the top-management structure of Kyushu Railway Company was a council system, where in the major directors represented local communities. The first aim of the company president was to achieve independence from the representative who disregarded making a profit.2. At first, the president included stockbrokers in the board of directors. There were two purposes for this. One was for smooth fund-raising, and the other was to increase the number of board members opposed to the representative of local communities.3. But fund-raising was stymied by the panic of 1890, and the super-vision of local communities was difficult to overcome. Alternatively, the railway president managed to enlist zaibatu capitalists as stock-holders and brought them on to board of directors, moreover the president issue a bond for new fund-raising. These measures achieved their purpose in 1900, after which the Kyushu Railway Company was no longer dependent on the local communities.