著者

寺田 忠史 山田 雄次 野村 誠 藤本 勝彦 野村 誠 山下 純一 / 小武内 尚 武田 節夫 南 慶典 吉田 健一郎 山口 秀夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.5, pp.907-912, 1993

被引用文献数

10

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1-&beta;-Alkyl derivatives of 1-desoxypodophyllotoxin were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on DNA topoisomerase II (Topo-II) and tubulin polymerization were examined.The reaction of epipodophyllotoxin derivatives (1a-c) with trimethylallylsilane in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate gave 1-&beta;-allylated compounds (2a-c). The regiochemistry and the &beta;-stereochemistry of the 1-allyl group were confirmed by comparison of the <SUP>13</SUP>C-NMR spectra and NOE's (%) of 2c, podophyllotoxin (POD) and epipodophyllotoxin (1b). 1-&beta;-Alkyl-1-desoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives (3-8) were prepared from 2b.None of the tested compounds (3-8) showed any inhibitory effect on Topo-II. 1-&beta;-Propyl compound (3) and its 4'-demethyl compound (4) inhibited tubulin polymerization and the cytotoxicities of these compounds were equal to that of VP-16. 1-&beta;-(2, 3-Dihydroxypropyl) compounds (5 and 8) and 1-&beta;-(2, 3-diacetoxypropyl) compounds (6 and 7)showed no inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization. Although 5 did not inhibit either Topo-II activity or tubulin polymerization, it showed a high cytotoxicity against sarcoma 180.

著者

寺田 忠史 藤本 勝彦 野村 誠 山下 純一 小武内 尚 武田 節夫 / 山田 雄次 山口 秀夫 山口 秀夫

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.10, pp.2720-2727, 1992

被引用文献数

27

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Various podophyllotoxin derivatives from desoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) were synthesized to examine the structural relationships between the biological significance (cytotoxic effect, effects on DNA topoisomerase II and tubulin polymerization) in vitro and antitumor activity in vivo (L 1210).An intact 6, 7-methylenedioxy group of DPT is necessary to inhibit tubulin polymerization and topoisomerase II. 4'-Phenolic hydroxyl group of DPT is essential to inhibit DNA topoisomerase II and the inhibitory effect on DNA topoisomerase II contributes to a high cytotoxicity.The introduction of an aminoalkoxy group at 1-position of DPT enhances the inhibitory activity against DNA topoisomerase II and cytotoxic effect, causing the inhibitory activity against tubulin polymerization to disappear. The results of antitumor test in mice bearing L 1210 on podophyllotoxin derivatives suggest the following : 1) the strong cytotoxic effect itself is not a good indication of antitumor activity in vivo as long as it is associated with inhibition of tubulin polymerization. DNA topoisomerase II inhibitory effect contributes to an antitumor activity in vivo; 2) detailed measurements of cytotoxicity and inhibition on DNA topoisomerase II and tubulin polymerization in vitro are necessary to evaluate podophyllotoxin derivatives.

著者

武田 美亜 沼崎 誠

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.57-70, 2007

被引用文献数

1

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We examined the effects of relationship intimacy on two types of illusion of transparency when people try to convey, rather than conceal, their internal experience: the message-sender's illusion of transparency (a tendency whereby message-senders overestimate the degree to which their intentions are correctly inferred by receivers) and the message-receiver's illusion of transparency (a tendency whereby message-receivers overestimate the degree to which they correctly infer the sender's intentions). In 2 studies, senders picked up the one among five illustrations which is the best to commumicate one of four intentions. Then they judged whether the receivers would be able to correctly infer their intentions. Receivers saw the illustrations and inferred which intention the senders were trying to communicate, then judged whether they themselves would be able to correctly infer the sender's intention. Results showed both type of illusion of transparency. In addition, the magnitude of the two types of illusion of transparency was greater in intimate relationships than in non-intimate relationships. Effects related to correspondence to audience-design were not found. The results were discussed in terms of interpersonal relationships.

著者

武田 元治

出版者

大妻女子大学

雑誌

大妻女子大学紀要. 文系 (ISSN:03020304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.15-44, 2008-03

著者

武田 元治

出版者

大妻女子大学

雑誌

大妻女子大学紀要. 文系 (ISSN:03020304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.23-50, 2007-03

著者

武田 元治

出版者

大妻女子大学

雑誌

大妻女子大学紀要. 文系 (ISSN:03020304)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.17-43, 2006-03

著者

西条 了康 武田 善行

出版者

社団法人 日本食品科学工学会

雑誌

日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.138-147, 1999-03-15 (Released:2009-05-26)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

9 35

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(1) 粉砕した茶葉400mgをアセトン抽出→メチルイソブチルケトン溶解→メタノール溶解→ODS処理によりカテキン類を調製し,高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を行った.(2) 抹茶,高級煎茶,普通煎茶,番茶,焙じ茶など5種類の日本茶について調べたところ,(-)-エピガロカテキン-3-ガレート(-EGCg),(-)-エピカテキン-3-ガレート(-ECg),(-)-エピガロカテキン(-EGC),(-)-エピカテキン(-EC)など4種類の主要カテキン類含有量が,総カテキン類の殆どを占めていた.また熱変化生成カテキン類(エピメル化物)である(-)-ガロカテキン-3-ガレート(-GCg),(-)-カテキン-3-ガレート(-Cg),(-)-ガロカテキン(-GC),(-)-カテキン(-C)も少量であるが検出された.特に焙じ茶には多く存在した.(3) 中国緑茶(竜井茶,雲南茶,ガンパウダー),ベトナム緑茶,インド緑茶(ダージリン茶,ダージリン・シルバーチップ)など6種類の外国産緑茶には,日本茶よりも総カテキン量が多く,主要4カテキン類特に(-)-エピガロカテキン-3-ガレートが多かった.4種類の熱変化生成カテキン類も存在した.また少量成分として(-)-エピガロカテキン-3-メトキシガレート(-EGCmetg),(-)-エピカテキン-3-メトキシガレート(-ECmetg),(-)-エピガロカテキン-3,5-ジガレート(-EGCgg),(-)-エピカテキン-3,5-ジガレート(-ECgg)などの存在が確認された.以上のことから,日本茶,外国産緑茶からはFig.1に示した全てのカテキン類と,熱変化生成カテキン類4種類がHPLCにより確認された.(4) -EGCg/-EGC,-ECg/-ECの比率は製茶原料用茶生葉の葉位,成熟度などの情報を与えるものと考察した.熱変化生成カテキン類は焙じ茶製造時に生成したと考えられる.2種類のジガレート(-EGCgg,-ECgg),2種類のメトキシガレート(-EGCmetg,-ECmetg)はそれぞれアッサム種,中国種の特有成分と推定した.

著者

武田 良材

出版者

京都大学大学院独文研究室

雑誌

研究報告

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.45-61, 2003-12

著者

武田 憲幸

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY FOR GENDER STUDIES

雑誌

日本ジェンダー研究 (ISSN:18841619)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2003, no.6, pp.13-26, 2003-08-31 (Released:2010-03-17)

参考文献数

22

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The aim of this paper is to point out the problem of gender bias in Japanese high school textbooks and suggest some solutions. I have examined the contemporary literature sections in “Kokugo-I”, a basic high school text, and “Kokugo-Sogo”, which will be used starting next year.I initially researched the male-to-female ratio of authors and editors of Japanese textbooks over the past ten years. Then later I examined the percentage of literature written by women that is presently being used in the Japanese school system. According to what I found, the percentage of female authors included in the textbooks still does not reach 20% and only 12.9% of the editors are female. These results clearly show us two problems that we are dealing with today: the mostly male editors are not including literature written by women, nor are females being chosen as editors.Another problem I found with the textbooks has to do with the questions following each work. The questions lead students to understand the material in a traditional way, directing them to prepare their answers according to the writer's intention. The questions do not allow for differences in opinion or critical thinking.I chose the short story titled Harunohino-Kageri by Shimao Toshio to illustrate the big difference in opinion between editors and female high school students. In this story, the character “I” recalls his school days, when he always had a sense of inferiority because of his lack of strength and bravery. Due to his inferiority complex, he once chased an unknown girl with the goal of impressing his fellows. Upon reaching the girl, he had no idea what he should do next. This novel perfectly shows the distress of “I” in adolescence. It is valued as a youth novel because readers can relate to the character “I”, and as a result it has become a widely used text in Japanese high schools. However, not all readers relate in the same way.Why does this difference in understanding arise? In my experience, some female high school students today have an intuitive understanding of the writer's sexism and feel that the character “I” looks down on women. This alternative interpretation shows quite a difference in opinion between predominantly male editors, who think that this story is about timeless youth distress and is applicable to everyone today, and actual adolescents who are required to read it.As educators, what can we do about the difference in understanding? Now that we know about the alternative ways of interpreting literature, we need to ensure the development of all high school students' minds. In order to do this, we need to have a “revision of ideas” represented by Feminist Criticism. Editors should be required to engage in text editing from this new point of view. High school students should be exposed to literature written by women as well as that written by men. The questions following the works should encourage students to critically interpret the meaning and to consider many points of view. Only through an overhaul of the current system can we achieve the goal of eliminating gender bias in Japanese high school textbooks.

著者

武田 隆綱

出版者

アークメディア

雑誌

臨床精神医学 (ISSN:0300032X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.9, pp.1273-1278, 2015-09

著者

武田 昌一 横里 恵 比嘉 誠 村岡 輝雄 山田 麻衣子

出版者

一般社団法人日本音響学会

雑誌

日本音響学会誌 (ISSN:03694232)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.8, pp.429-440, 2004-08-01

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全日本かるた協会公認の男性読手1人が朗詠する小倉百人一首100首の音声の韻律的特徴を解析した。その結果,基本周波数に関しては,(1)発声開始あるいは小節開始時に立ち上がり後ほぼ一定の値であること,(2)局在する基本周波数の跳ね上がり下降,(3)基本周波数の概周期的揺らぎ,が全首に共通の特徴であることが分かった。ただし,他の読手音声との比較により,(2),(3)は読手に依存することが分かった。時間構造の特徴としては,(1)単語の区切り部分におけるモーラの伸長,(2)歌の終わりの極端な伸長,更に(3)上の句と比較して下の句において平均モーラ持続時間が伸長していること(有意水準1%),が認められた。

著者

武田 悠

出版者

財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.162, pp.162_130-142, 2010-12-10 (Released:2012-10-20)

参考文献数

70

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The 1970s was an era of crisis and internationalization for Japan-U.S. relations. Both governments started to settle their bilateral conflicts for their policy cooperation which was required in the changing international environment at that time. To clarify the character of this change, this paper examines the bilateral negotiation of Tokai reprocessing plant held in 1977.In the late 1970s, the U.S. government attempted to rebuild international nuclear nonproliferation system by limiting peaceful nuclear power development such as spent nuclear fuel reprocessing technology. Carter administration took the office in 1977 and called its allies to stop reprocessing. However, Carter's new policy was highly problematic since reprocessing was a key technology in energy policies of other developed countries such as Japan. As Tokai reprocessing plant was planned to begin operation in 1977 and an approval from Washington was required for its operation, they need a settlement.At the first bilateral talk in April, Washington opposed firmly to the operation. On the other hand, international opposition grew rapidly against the new U.S. nuclear nonproliferation policy. Western European countries were especially sensitive to it since it could ban further export of nuclear-related technology to developing countries.Washington started to consider a compromise since Tokyo was the only close ally showing its approval to a framework of new nonproliferation policy. At the second meeting, the United States offered a proposal to alter Tokai plant more resistant to nuclear proliferation by technical modification. Although Japanese government opposed to the modification, they agreed to do a research about possible technical alternatives at Tokai Mura, Japan. As a result of this joint research and other investigations, however, Washington gave up all the technical solutions. Finally, at the third meeting at the end of August, Carter decided to permit the operation without any modification in return of Tokyo's agreement to reconsider reprocessing and suspend large scale Plutonium use for the moment.The above examination shows two aspects of the Japan-U.S. relations in the1970s. One is that Tokyo had an option to refine the U.S. foreign policy and participate in international politics by supporting Washington. In contrast to European countries that stopped the U.S. nonproliferation policy by refusing to cooperate, Japan did the same thing by aligning with the United States.The other is decreased importance of the bilateral relationship itself for the U.S. government, while Japan's substantive contribution to the U.S. foreign policy became a must to the United States. In sum, although both countries agreed to coordinate their policy objectives in the 1970s, this success became a basis of further bilateral conflicts on the way of implementing those goals.

著者

Galil Bella 武田 正倫

出版者

国立科学博物館

雑誌

Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series A, Zoology (ISSN:03852423)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.67-90, 1988-06

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Four new xanthoid genera, Gorgonariana, Lentilumnus, Xlumnus and Serenolumnus are established for the species formerly assigned to Glabropilumnus BALSS. Descriptions and illustrations are given for the five remaining species of Glabropilumnus. The various synonymies are discussed and a key is provided.

著者

武田 泉

出版者

国際教養大学

雑誌

国際教養大学専門職大学院グローバル・コミュニケーション実践研究科日本語教育実践領域実習報告論文集 (ISSN:21853983)

巻号頁・発行日

no.6, pp.3-4, 2015-09-30

著者

武田明 守川慎一郎著

出版者

角川書店

巻号頁・発行日

1977

著者

鈴木 惠美子 武田 浩一

出版者

一般社団法人情報処理学会

雑誌

情報処理学会論文誌 (ISSN:18827764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.11, pp.1402-1412, 1989-11-15

被引用文献数

17

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ワードプロセッサが大量に普及し 日本語文書を電子的に作成 配布 印刷することが日常的になってきた.しかし 計算機上でできあがった文書の校正・推敲を行うといった高度のテキスト処理は 最近になってやっと研究が盛んに行われはじめたところで まだ実用化の段階には至っていない.我々従来より 機械可読な日本語文書を対象として入吾中の誤りや用語の不統一 言い替えた方がよい表現などを検出し 文書の校正支援を行うシステムについて研究してきたが 構造化された文書表現(構造化文書)とその上でのルール形式の校正知識表現を用いることが有効であるという結果を得た.すなわち 1)文書前処理段階でモデル化することにより 日本語文書のための応用プログラフ実行時には字句解析を行うことなく 単語や文節 段落や文書全体といった単位を扱うことができる 2)校正知識は構造化文書上の高レベルの述語として記述できる 3)文書校正知識を複数の段階(入力時と作成時)で利用できるように 対話的文書校正とパッチ的校正が提供できる といった特長を実現できた.本報告では 我々の開発したシステムとその校正知識 ワードプロセッサを使用した実験により得られた誤りの分類およびその検出可能性について述べる.また 構造化文書の応用として重要語を検出する機能についても検討している.

著者

武田平治 編

出版者

金寿堂[ほか]

巻号頁・発行日

1884

著者

太田 飛鳥 松澤 智史 武田 正之

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会総合大会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2009, no.1, 2009-03-04

著者

前島 伸一郎 大沢 愛子 西尾 大祐 平野 恵健 木川 浩志 武田 英孝

出版者

Japanese Society of Prosthetics and Orthotics

雑誌

日本義肢装具学会誌 (ISSN:09104720)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.46-50, 2013

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医用工学の進歩に伴い,医療・福祉の領域においてもロボット技術が応用されている.なかでも,筋力が低下した高齢者や運動機能障害を有する人の自立支援や,介護支援などへの適用が期待されている装置がロボットスーツ Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL)^® である.HAL は生体電位信号を活用し,人間・機械・情報系の融合複合体技術を駆使したサイボーグ型ロボットである.脳卒中片麻痺に対するHALの効果について,現時点においてはほとんど検証されておらず,装着に手間がかかり,介助が増え,疲れやすい等の欠点も否めないが,将来性は高く,今後,装具あるいは訓練器具として,リハビリテーションへの利用が期待される.

著者

武田 豊彦 鈴木 裕介 稲津 邦平 坂元 照男 前川 秀幸

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.6, pp.p395-401, 1989-06

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Cephalothine sodium (CET-Na) in crystals can be obtained by freezing the aqueous solution and subsequent warming at a fixed temperature for facilitating crystallization prior to vacuum application for drying. The product has, however, been found to unavoidably contain traces of the amorphous CET-Na, which causes a rapid color development during storage. By using thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electric conductometry, and polarized light cryomicrographic techniques, the solubilities in water, freezing point, eutectic point, and melting behavior of CET-Na in aqueous solution were investigated. The investigation demonstrated that CET-Na in supersaturated aqueous solution is very stable, and that seeding with microcrystalline CET-Na to the supersaturated solution and subsequent cooling of the mixture till its freezing point gives neither any evidence for crystallization nor for growth of the seed crystals. The freeze-drying of CET-Na in the supersaturated solution after seeding has been demonstrated to give crystalline CET-Na contaning neither of amorphous nor of quasicrystalline form.