著者
山田 大隆 高田 誠二
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.167, pp.166-178, 1988 (Released:2021-09-06)

Sapporo Agricultural College (1876-1907), established by the Kaitakushi Branch of the Meiji Government and directed, in s early stage, by W. S Clark, the President of Massachusetts Agricultural College, had built a unique collection of foreign books of physics, significant not only in quantity but also in quality, through the Yedo and Meiji eras of Japan. A thorough investigation of the conserved books (113 copies) and a time-sequential analysis of introduction of them to the College library resulted in the following observations, where the year of publication and that of introduction were assumed to coincide and the whole sequence (1850-1907) were divided into each interval of five years; 1) As for the regional distribution of the original publication, three peaks are remarkable, the first at 1875 features American natural philosophy text books, the second at 1885 English natural philosophy ones and the third at 1895 German lecture series of physics, respectively. 2) More individually, the first peak is represented by Quackenbos * Natural Philosophy (1873), the second by Stewart's Lessons in Elementary Physics and the third by Violle's Lehrbuch der Physik (1892, tr.by Gumlich) as well as other German lecture series. Besides them, noticeable is the repeated introduction of Ganot's Elementary Treatise on Physics (tr. by Atkinson) over the whole period, particularly in 1890's.
著者
吉田 晴代 高田 誠二
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.161, pp.13-23, 1987 (Released:2021-09-22)

Joseph Fourier, known as the author of Theorie analytique de la chaleur (1822), had previously tried to confirm the results of his mathematical analysis by experiment and reported some details of these experiments in his first paper on heat conduction "Theorie de la propagation de la chaleur dans les solides" (1807). Additionally, in Fourier's MSS., left are many notes on his experiments dated before 1807. They give vivid evidence not only for Fourier's experimental skill, but also for the actual modes of physical experiments in his time. The aims of Fourier's experimental research were (1)to verify his ingenious foresights deducible from the theory—ex. experiments on the steady thermal state in annulus and on heat diffusion in annulus and spheres; (2) to analyze the physical conditions which affect the exactness of the experimental results but can not be expounded by purely mathematical means—ex. experiments on heat diffusion in spheres and cubes under various thermal condions; (3) to determine such physical constants as the ratio of external conductivity to internal one—ex. experiments on the steady state in annulus (which, though unsuccessful, was the stalling point for. new method) and (4) to carry out tests indispensable for applying mathematical analysis to such practical problems as the error and response of thermometers. Fourier's researches on heat conduction, so comprehensive as to cover theoretical analysis, experimental verification and even practical application, are really distinguished among the investigations contemporary with his ones.
著者
高田 誠二
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.147, pp.129-136, 1983 (Released:2021-09-24)

Traité Élementaire de Physique (depuis 1851)et Cours de Physique (depuis 1858) écrits par Adolphe Ganot (1804-1887) ont été diffusés aux plusieurs pays,le Japon inclusivement, soit directement par les éditions frangaises, soit par l'intermédiaire des traductions néerlandaise, anglaise etc., quelques-unes desquelles sont conservées dans la Collection Ancienne de l'École Agricole de Sapporo de la Bibliotheque de l'Université du Hokkaīdo. Selon les résultats d'examen sur ces livres et les renseignements biblio-graphique, sont exposés ici les états de réception et d'utilisation de ces ouvrages célèbres au Japon ainsi que les influences caractéristiques que ceux ont données sur l'introduction de la physique à ce pays.
著者
高田 俊二
出版者
社団法人 日本写真学会
雑誌
日本写真学会誌 (ISSN:03695662)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.3, pp.252-260, 2020 (Released:2021-11-02)
参考文献数
23

歴史写真はその現場の姿を後世にまで正確に伝えるが,当時の人が抱いていた関心事や現場を訪れた人の印象まで伝えるのは難しい.1863 年外国人居留地横浜に写真スタジオを開設し,スイス使節団あるいはオランダ領事に随行して江戸を訪れた英国人写真家フリーチェ・ベアトは,江戸界隈の写真を数多く残している.そして古代都市トロイヤを1871年に発見したハインリッヒ・シュリーマンは,それに先立つ1865年に世界漫遊の中で一ヶ月間日本に滞在した.彼は米国代理公使の招待で5日間横浜から江戸への小旅行を行い,その記録を彼の旅行記に収めた.本報では,ベアト写真とシュリーマン旅行記を重ね合せ,①外国人の殺害現場,②愛宕山のパノラマ風景,③浅草観音寺,④王子の茶屋の4つの場所で,当時の外国人の関心事と印象を考察してみた.
著者
高田 祐一 たかた ゆういち Takata Yuichi 福家 恭
出版者
独立行政法人国立文化財機構奈良文化財研究所
雑誌
奈良文化財研究所紀要 : 奈良文化財研究所紀要
巻号頁・発行日
no.2017, pp.14-15, 2017-06-30

慶長期の全国的な築城ラッシュにより日本の城郭石垣は、高石垣化と石垣石の規格化が進行した。元和・寛永期には、徳川幕府によって再築された大坂城の石垣構築技術は最高水準に達した。石垣石の規格化には、石割技術の進展が不可欠である。特に大坂城では石垣石が大型化しており、高度な巨石の石割技術があったと予想される。しかし、石材業が機械化された現代には、近世初期の石割技術および道具は残っていない。そこで本研究では近世初期の石割技術の矢穴技法に注目し、石割するための矢穴および道具を復元する。そして、慶長期の矢穴と元和・寛永期の矢穴形状において、石の割れ方の違いがあるか比較実験を実施する。割れ方の違いを考察することで、技術進展の本質をあきらかにできるだろう。なお矢穴技法とは、鉄製の楔である矢を矢穴に挿入し、石の割目を押し開けて石を割る技法である。
著者
増川 克典 白石 晶子 高田 郁美 早瀬 温子 森 卓也 田中 紀行 藤井 健吉
出版者
一般社団法人 日本リスク学会
雑誌
リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.SRA-0420, (Released:2022-07-01)
参考文献数
39

Aiming at solving a social challenge for compatibility of infection risk mitigation with better QOL to prevent viral contact infection via hands, an effect of ethanol (EtOH) combined with benzalkonium chloride (BC) on inactivation of Influenza virus A (IVA) and SARS-CoV-2 was investigated under conditions of exposure time, 30 sec. Although either just 20–30 vol% EtOH or just 0.05w/v% BC were weak for the inactivation, the combination showed the synergic effects. It was also demonstrated that a commercial hand sanitizer containing both 44 vol% EtOH and 0.05w/v% BC is effective to highly inactivate IVA and SARS-CoV-2. The consideration on the practical usage of hand sanitizers suggests that 20–50 vol% EtOH combined with 0.05 w/v% BC would be effective and beneficial. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the emerging importance of community infection control which is different from a long-term challenge on hospital infection management, and a new hand sanitizing-system using lower EtOH combined with BC is expected to be a measure of community infection control.
著者
中駄 邦博 高田 尚幸 高橋 弘昌
出版者
日本内分泌外科学会・日本甲状腺外科学会
雑誌
日本内分泌・甲状腺外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:21869545)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.3, pp.176-182, 2012 (Released:2013-03-31)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
2

本稿では核医学検査とCTを中心に,副甲状腺機能亢進症の画像診断の最近の動向について述べる。MIBI SPECTとCTの融合画像は各々のmodalityの限界を相補って,腫大副甲状腺の局在を正確に示すことができるので,手術成績の向上に貢献することが期待される。
著者
高田 明宜 タカダ ハルノリ Harunori Takada
雑誌
国際基督教大学学報. II-B, 社会科学ジャーナル = The Journal of Social Science
巻号頁・発行日
no.60, pp.287-310, 2007-03-31

This essay makes a general survey the transition of Cosmopolitanism, and picks up concepts of cosmopolitanism by Cynic Diogenes, Stoics, Kant, movement of world governance after WW II, the ideas of Charter of the UN, Commision on Global Governance and the notion of David Held's cosmopolitan democracy. In Greek, Diogenes spoke out the word and concept of cosmopolitanism in the world. And Stoics developed the idea from Diogenes. They advocated cosmopolitanism because of their basic concept, the universality of logos. They thought that logos controls and leads all things. One of the unique points of the idea of Stoics was not to accept to set the barriers between human beings. In Kant's cosmopolitanism, it refuses the construction of the universal state and it becomes the contents, which utilize the existence of the nation state. At this point, it is also common to cosmopolitanism after Kant, and very important idea. The notion of David Held's cosmopolitan democracy is not to deny that the nation state exists, but the concept to take the duty to complement the system of the present situation, like other concepts of cosmopolitanism. The basis of his theory is the problem of "the principle of autonomy" and globalization. The principle of autonomy is one of perspective from liberal democracy. For him the principle of autonomy is the core of project of democracy. In other words, his notion of cosmopolitan democracy is promotion of principle of autonomy at the global level. And the definition of principle of autonomy by him is "persons should enjoy rights and accordingly, equal obligations in the specification of the political framework which generates and limits the opportunities available to them; that is, they should be free and equal in the determination of the conditions of their own lives, so long as they do not deploy this framework to negate the rights of others." This autonomy becomes to be kept from infringed in the conventional community by the globalization. He thinks of globalization as widening of the strength and the rapidness, and the impact reaches strongly in the sides of a lot of social life in addition to nation state's being, and losing autonomy and people"s relation's and network's widening the globalization. However, he does not recognize that the consciousness that the global and universal level have not been born. Cosmopolitan democracy requires that it be enshrined within the constitutions of parliaments and assemblies at the national and international level; and that the influence of international courts is extended so that groups and individuals have an effective means of suing political authorities for the enactment and enforcement of key rights and obligations, both within and beyond political associations. Moreover, cosmopolitan democracy would also require the formation of an authoritative assembly of all democratic states and agencies -a reformed General Assembly of the UN, or a complement to it. Like the policy involvement to the local community and the sovereign nation, thorough going of democracy is demanded about the relation among the states. He regards cosmopolitan democratic law as democratic public law enforced within and beyond states, and as to apply principle of autonomy global level. And he also thinks that political control on market and economic action for realization of cosmopolitan democracy is legitimate action. The opportunity that most of cosmopolitanism happens is with the repulsion to the politics of the present situation. Therefore, there are many critiques that it is idealism or utopianism against cosmopolitanism, but it can always not be called merely idealism because it is a conception for the breakthrough of the present situation.