著者

松多 信尚 太田 陽子 安藤 雅孝 原口 強 西川 由香 Switzer Adam LIN Cheng-Horng

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

日本地理学会発表要旨集 2010年度日本地理学会秋季学術大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88, 2010 (Released:2010-11-22)

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台湾はユーラシアプレートとフィリピン海プレート上のルソン弧の衝突によって形成されている.その衝突速度は82mm/yr程度で衝突しており,多くの活断層やプレート境界が存在する.特に東海岸に大津波を起こす可能性のある給源としては,琉球トレンチと沖合の海底活断層が考えられる.もしそこで地震が発生すれば,東海岸の海底地形は急に浅くなることから,大きな津波が来襲すると考えられる.台湾の歴史津波記録は少ない.東海岸の詳細な記録があるのは日本統治時代以降である.その中には東海岸に大きな津波の襲来した記録はなく,チリ地震などでも津波が台湾に押し寄せたことは無かったため,台湾では東海岸には津波が来ないと信じる人が多い. しかし,台湾の東海岸は無人だったわけでなく,阿美族と言われる原住民族が主にすんでいた.彼らの伝承の中には”津波”を思わせる伝承も少なくない.その例の中に,阿美族の創世神話の一つがある. これは通りすがりの旅人の神がそこに住んでいた神の一家を懲らしめるために海の神に頼んで大波を起こすという話である.その中で海の神が旅人の神に「今日から五日後,月が丸くなった夜に海ががたんがたんと鳴るでしょう.その時あなた方は星のある山をめがけて逃げなさい」と言い,いよいよその日,旅人の神は星の輝く山に向け逃げ,山頂に着いた頃海はにわかに鳴り始め大波はみるみる高まって,そこに住んでいた神の一家を押し流す.しかし,大波に襲われた一家はかろうじて助かる.それを不満に感じた旅の神は再度海の神に頼むと,海の神は再度大波を起こす.とある.これは,まさに津波が押し寄せたと考えられる.南西の島に住むタオ族の伝説にも津波を思わせる言い伝えがある.この神話も突然大波が押し寄せたという.このように東海岸には津波が押し寄せたと思われる伝承が点在する. 最近の津波の記録と思われる話が成功という町に存在する.これは昭和12年に印刷された安倍明義著「台湾地名研究」にある.その中の新港(現在の成功)の説明には「この地名は大正九年にマラウラウを新港に改めた.」とあり,「8,90年前に畑地が津波に洗われて草木が皆枯死したために,その有様をラウラウといい地名とした」とある.8,90年前とは,経験者が生存している可能性もあり,確かな出来事と思われる.これは,1840-50年頃と思われる.我々はこの言い伝えを頼りに成功で津波堆積物を探す調査を実施した. 成功には5段の完新世段丘が分布する.川沿いの_I_面と_II_面は,厚い堆積物が見られる.これは,氷期でできた谷を埋めた堆積物と考えられる.一方東側に見られる海成の面と川沿いの_III_面の堆積物は厚くなく,基盤を確認することが出来る. 阿美族の集落は高位の段丘の上にあり,成功の地名の由来になった津波が阿美族の集落に被害が及んだ報告はない.したがって,最高位段丘まで遡上したことはないと考えられる.一方,_IV_,_V_面のみに津波が遡上したのであれば,その範囲は限られており,地名の変更を行うほどのインパクトがあったとは考えがたい.したがって,我々は_III_面まで津波が遡上したと考えて,掘削調査を行うことにした. 成功の町の中心部が位置する_III_面は_II_面によって川の陰になっており,堆積物は河成の礫質ではなく,海の影響が強い砂質で構成されると予想された.この_III_面の範囲は日本統治時代以前は湿地であり,日本人が段丘崖の基部に排水溝を掘ることで利用できる土地となったという.この話からこの範囲には湿地性の堆積物が予想された. 我々はまずハンドオーガーによって予備調査を新港中学校の西南の地点で行った.その結果,peatに挟まれた海の貝を含む砂が見られた.我々はこの砂の下位のpeatの年代を測定し,上部が1810-1570 Cal Yrs B.P.,下位が3070-2860 Cal Yrs .B.P.という値が得られたため,同地点を中心にジオスライサー調査を行った.その結果,陸生のカタツムリの殻が見られるpeat質な地層の間に厚さ50cm程度の二枚の海生の貝を含む砂層を確認し,砂層の間の地層から2340-2150 Cal yrs B.P.,下位の層から2990-2790 Cal yrs B.P.の年代を得た.これらの年代には,すでに海水準は安定しているため,海水準が上昇することはない.また,この地は7-15m/kyr程度の速度で隆起している.したがって,砂層堆積時の標高はかなり低かったと考えられ,離水した地域にイベント的に海水が入り込んだことは事実だが,津波と断定するのは難しい.しかし,我々は砂層が上方に細粒化することなどから,津波の可能性が高いと考えており,珪藻分析などを行う予定である. 調査の目的であった最近の津波の確実な証拠は認められなかった.

著者

福田 盛介 鎌田 弘之 高玉 圭樹 野村 出 滝野 達也 入江 順也 永田 心 原田 智広 臼居 浩太郎 坂井 真一郎 澤井 秀次郎 SLIM WG Fukuda Seisuke Kamata Hiroyuki Takadama Keiki Nomura Izuru Takino Tatsuya Irie Junya Nagata Shin Harada Tomohiro Usui Kotaro Sakai Shin-ichiro Sawai Shujiro SLIM WG

出版者

宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)

雑誌

第15回宇宙科学シンポジウム 講演集 = Proceedings of the 15th Space Science Symposium

巻号頁・発行日

2015-01

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第15回宇宙科学シンポジウム (2015年1月6日-7日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)相模原キャンパス), 相模原市, 神奈川県

著者

Silvano Gallus Cristina Bosetti Giuseppe Gorini Chiara Stival Roberto Boffi Alessandra Lugo Giulia Carreras Chiara Veronese Claudia Santucci Roberta Pacifici Biagio Tinghino Vincenzo Zagà Patrizia Russo Maria Sofia Cattaruzza the COSMO-IT Investigators

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20220321, (Released:2023-02-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

5

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Background. Despite the robust evidence of an excess risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality in ever smokers, the debate on the role of current and ex-smokers on COVID-19 progression remains open. Limited or no data are available on the link between electronic-cigarette (e-cigarette), heated tobacco product (HTP) and second-hand-smoke (SHS) exposure and COVID-19 progression. To fill this knowledge gap, we undertook the COvid19 and SMOking in ITaly (COSMO-IT) study.Methods. A multi-centre longitudinal study was conducted in 2020-2021 in 24 Italian hospitals on a total of 1820 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. We estimated multivariable odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), to quantify the association between smoking-related behaviours (i.e., smoking status, e-cigarette and HTP use, and SHS exposure) and COVID-19 severity (composite outcome: intubation, intensive care unit admission and death), and mortality.Results. Compared to never smokers, current smokers had an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality (OR=2.17; 95% CI=1.06-4.41). E-cigarette use was non-significantly associated to an increased risk of COVID-19 severity (OR=1.60; 95% CI=0.96-2.67). An increased risk of mortality was observed for exposure to SHS among non-smokers (OR=1.67; 95% CI=1.04-2.68), the risk being particularly evident for exposures of ≥6 hours/day (OR=1.99; 95% CI=1.15-3.44).Conclusions. This multicentric study from Italy shows a dismal COVID-19 progression in current smokers and, for the first time, in SHS exposed non-smokers. These data represent an additional reason to strengthen and enforce effective tobacco control measures and to support smokers in quitting.

著者

Jin-ichi SASAKI Kunio ISHITA Yoshiaki TAKAYA Hidemitsu UCHISAWA Hajime MATSUE

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.455-461, 1997 (Released:2009-06-15)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

12 23 57

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The anti-tumor activity of a new type of peptidoglycan isolated from squid ink was shown to have a cure rate of 64% for Meth A tumor from BALB/c mice. The ink delipidated in acetone, which con-tained the peptidoglycan at 0.1% (w/w), was administered to tumor-transplanted mice so as to examine the anti-tumor activity. One-fifth of the tumor-bearing mice was cured with 3 injections (1 mg/head) of the acetone delipidated squid ink or a prolongation of survival was observed in the treated animals. Heat treatment at 100°C for 10 min did not affect the anti-tumor activity of the delipidated ink, its potentiality being pre-served. The acetone-extractable fraction of the ink also brought about a similar cure rate for Meth A tumor. The delipidated ink enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophages but no direct cytotoxicity was observed for the Meth A tumor cells. Hence it may be said that the anti-tumor activity of the delipidated ink was mainly due to the aug-mented cellular immunity in vivo.

著者

Tao Fujiwara Junki Ogiso Sousuke Ishii Kei Togo Narumi Nakato Shunsuke Serizawa Yi-Shan Chao Hyoung-Tak Im Atsushi Ebihara Yasuyuki Watano

出版者

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

雑誌

Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.3, pp.205-226, 2021-10-31 (Released:2021-11-27)

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Phegopteris decursivepinnata harbors diploid and tetraploid strains, forming a polyploid species complex together with P. koreana. Hybridization and polyploidization in the complex blur species boundaries, making it challenging to apply the proper taxonomic treatment. Ploidy determinations, phylogenetic analyses, and morphological investigations to elucidate the origins of the polyploid species and improve species classification for the P. decursivepinnata species complex are reported. Ploidy determinations and phylogenetic analyses revealed that diploid members of the complex were separated into two groups, a diploid P. decursivepinnata and a group consisting of Thelypteris itoana and a diploid P. koreana. The tetraploid P. decursivepinnata was shown to be an allotetraploid derived from hybridization between the two diploid groups. The samples of P. koreana revealed to be diploid suggested intraspecific cytotypic variation in P. koreana. The diploid P. koreana was genetically and morphologically indistinguishable from the diploid T. itoana. The diploid members of the complex previously treated as P. decursivepinnata are described as a new species, P. taiwaniana; and T. itoana is placed in synonymy under P. koreana.

著者

木口 学 (2012) 榎 敏明 (2010-2011) RAJEEV KUMAR Vattakattu Ramacrishnan RAJEEVKUMAR VattakattuRamacrishnan ラジーブ・クマール バッタカツ・ラマクリシュナン

出版者

東京工業大学

雑誌

特別研究員奨励費

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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酸化活性炭素繊維(ACFs)の磁化率、磁化を測定し、磁性の評価、NEXAFSの実験から磁性の起源となるFermi準位付近に存在する非結合電子状態の解析を行った。NEXAFSのスペクトルでは、ACFsを酸化して行くと次第にがバンドとエッジ状態の寄与は減少し、代わって、新たな非結合電子状態が発生し、この酸素誘起の状態は酸化の進行により強度を増して行く。π*バンドの酸化による減少は、酸化によりπ共役系がナノグラフェン内部まで破壊されて行くことを示唆しており、エッジ状態の減少もこのことによってもたらされている。代わって形成される酸素誘起の非結合電子状態は、グラフェン面の共役系が破壊され、酸素誘起の欠陥がグラフェン面に形成された結果、酸素誘起の欠陥領域に生じる非結合状態と理解される。未酸化ACFsでは、測定された磁化過程はS=1/2の挙動で基本的には記述され、スピン間相互作用は小さく、エッジ状態スピンは互いに独立に振舞う挙動を示している。酸化が進行すると磁化過程はS=1/2の挙動からずれだし、次第にS=3/2の挙動の近くなって行く。酸化ACFsにおいては前述のように磁性を担うスピンは酸素誘起の非結合状態に存在するスピンであり、S=3/2に近い磁化過程の挙動は酸素誘起の局在スピンが互いに強磁性相互作用により結合をしていること理解される。内部磁場がACFs試料中でGauss分布をするものと仮定してフィッティングを行った結果、最も酸化の進んだACFs(0/C=0.6)では、内部磁場は反強磁性(負領域)から強磁性(正領域)に渡って分布していることが見出された。また、内部磁場の平均値は強磁性α=2830 Oe.emu^<-1>.g.と見積もられた。

著者

Masayuki Shimamura Takashi Kumaki Shun Hashimoto Kazuhiko Saeki Shin-ichi Ayabe Atsushi Higashitani Tomoyoshi Akashi Shusei Sato Toshio Aoki

出版者

Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.ME21094, 2022 (Released:2022-03-12)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

9

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In legume–rhizobia symbiosis, partner recognition and the initiation of symbiosis processes require the mutual exchange of chemical signals. Chemicals, generally (iso)flavonoids, in the root exudates of the host plant induce the expression of nod genes in rhizobia, and, thus, are called nod gene inducers. The expression of nod genes leads to the production of lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) called Nod factors. Natural nod gene inducer(s) in Lotus japonicus–Mesorhizobium symbiosis remain unknown. Therefore, we developed an LCO detection method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQMS) to identify these inducers and used it herein to screen 40 phenolic compounds and aldonic acids for their ability to induce LCOs in Mesorhizobium japonicum MAFF303099. We identified five phenolic acids with LCO-inducing activities, including p-coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic acids. The induced LCOs caused root hair deformation, and nodule numbers in L. japonicus inoculated with M. japonicum were increased by these phenolic acids. The three phenolic acids listed above induced the expression of the nodA, nodB, and ttsI genes in a strain harboring a multicopy plasmid encoding NodD1, but not that encoding NodD2. The presence of p-coumaric and ferulic acids in the root exudates of L. japonicus was confirmed by UPLC-TQMS, and the induction of ttsI::lacZ in the strain harboring the nodD1 plasmid was detected in the rhizosphere of L. japonicus. Based on these results, we propose that phenolic acids are a novel type of nod gene inducer in L. japonicus–Mesorhizobium symbiosis.

著者

Akihito Sako Takako Teduka Makito Kawada Shin-ichiro

出版者

National Museum of Nature and Science

雑誌

Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology (ISSN:18819052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.143-161, 2016-08

著者

黒田 潤一郎 吉村 寿紘 川幡 穂高 Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo Stefano Lugli Vinicio Manzi Marco Roveri

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.6, pp.181-200, 2014-06-15 (Released:2014-11-12)

参考文献数

86

被引用文献数

1

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地中海は中新世の末期(5.97~5.33 Ma)に膨大な量の蒸発岩が形成されるイベントを経験した.これはメッシニアン期塩分危機と呼ばれる.これらの蒸発岩は十分に塩水が存在する状況で析出したのか,深海盆までが干上がったのか,未だ議論に決着がついていない.本論では,1)シチリア島の天日塩田で見られる蒸発鉱物(石膏・岩塩)の形成プロセスとその堆積構造と形成環境の関連を紹介し,2)シチリア島のメッシニアン期蒸発岩で提唱された塩分危機のシナリオを解説する.シチリア島のメッシニアン期蒸発岩類は浅海堆積相で晶出した初生的下部石膏ユニット,深海盆でこれが再堆積した砕屑性下部石膏ユニット,深海堆積相の厚い岩塩層,深海堆積相でこれらを覆う上部石膏ユニットに大別される.これらの蒸発岩類は5.33 Maに突如終焉し,広く鮮新世の半遠洋性石灰質堆積物に覆われる.

著者

Noriko Fukue Mari Ishida Makiko Taniyama Natsuko Mukai-Yatagai Takahiro Sakamoto Tomoko Tamada Yukiko Nakano Hiroshi Ito Shiro Uemura

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Reports (ISSN:24340790)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.59-65, 2022-01-07 (Released:2022-01-07)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2

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Background:Various issues, such as gender diversity and overwork, need to be considered in cardiovascular workplaces. Here, we report the results of 2 questionnaire surveys conducted among members of the Chugoku branch of the Japanese Circulation Society.Methods and Results:The first questionnaire was posted to all 194 female members in 2018. Of the 73 respondents, 61.6% reported feeling that it would be difficult to continue in cardiovascular care. The second questionnaire was completed by participants of the Chugoku Regional Meeting in 2019. Of the 133 respondents, 42.4% reported difficulties continuing in cardiovascular care. Respondents reporting difficulties had a significantly lower mean age, a higher frequency of day and night shifts, and a higher rate of working >80 h/week than respondents who did not report such difficulties. In logistic regression analysis, working >80 h/week was the only independent factor associated with difficulties continuing in cardiovascular care (odds ratio 4.16; 95% confidence interval 1.46–11.9; P=0.008). Although 47.4% of respondents worked >960 h overtime per year (considered a risk factor for death from overwork), 59.6% of these respondents reported being satisfied with their current situation.Conclusions:In the Chugoku region, the work-life balance of medical personnel engaged in cardiovascular care has not been sufficiently secured. In order to promote diverse human resources, we need to recognize the current situation and continue to take countermeasures.

著者

Kazuo Yamada Atsushi Watanabe Haruo Takeshita Atsushi Fujita Noriko Miyake Naomichi Matsumoto Ken-ichi Matsumoto

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.9, pp.1596-1599, 2019-09-01 (Released:2019-09-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

5 5

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Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) (also termed hypermobility type Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, hEDS) is a heritable connective tissue disorder that is characterized by generalized joint hypermobility, chronic pain, fatigue, and minor skin changes. Initially, it was reported that there is a small subset of patients with JHS/hEDS who have haploinsufficiency of tenascin-X (TNX). However, the relationship between TNXB and JHS/hEDS has not been reported at all afterwards. EDS was reclassified into thirteen types in 2017, and the causative gene of JHS/hEDS remained to be identified. Therefore, in this study in order to determine whether JHS/hEDS can be diagnosed by the concentrations of serum form of TNX (sTNX), we measured the concentrations of sTNX in 17 JHS/hEDS patients. The sTNX concentrations in half of the JHS/hEDS patients were significantly lower than those in healthy individuals. No mutations, insertions or deletions were detected in the TNX exon sequence of the JHS/hEDS patients except for one in patient. That patient has a heterozygous mutation. A correlation between sTNX concentration and mutation of the TNXB genomic sequence was not found in the JHS/hEDS patients. These results indicate that the decrease in sTNX concentration could be used as a risk factor for JHS/hEDS.

著者

Yuka Sumikawa Noriko Yamamoto-Mitani

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.55-57, 2021-02-28 (Released:2021-03-15)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

9

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Transitional care is indispensable in successfully transitioning patients from hospital to home and preventing adverse events during this process. There were restricted services in several hospitals for minimizing the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, hospitals could not provide adequate transitional care that possibly resulted in poor post-discharge outcomes in patients. Some hospitals have now combined infection prevention with face-to-face opportunities, i.e., requiring reservations for transitional care consultation and restricting pre-discharge conferences. Several hospitals started providing pre-discharge conferences using apps, where patients/family caregivers and care teams could have face-to-face discussions about medical and nursing care plans, goals, and preferences. However, building a relationship between patient/family and medical/nursing staff and providing decision-making, psychological support, and risk assessment generally performed in person are still in demand. New hybrid strategies should be developed and evaluated to provide transitional care while using online systems and minimal face-to-face support during the pandemic.

著者

Maria Teresa Murillo-Llorente Carmen Fajardo-Montañana Marcelino Perez-Bermejo

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.252, no.3, pp.185-191, 2020 (Released:2020-10-20)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

3

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Iodine deficiency in Spain is a persisting public health problem and the prescription of potassium iodide is recommended during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict the risk factors of iodine deficiency during pregnancy, and compare the results obtained with a logistic regression model. Two hundred forty-four healthy pregnant women were included in a descriptive and prospective study in their first trimester of pregnancy. The women enrolled were asked specifically about their use of supplements containing potassium iodide, iron, folic acid and/or multivitamins during pregnancy. The consumption of iodine-rich foods was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire. A median UIC of 57.4 μg/L (IQR 32.8-99.3) was obtained, with 89.3% < 150 μg/L, the minimum recommended ioduria level by the WHO. There was no correlation between urinary iodine concentrations and maternal age, BMI or gestation week at recruitment. The urinary iodine concentrations were significantly higher in women who reported taking iodized supplements and/or iodized salt than those who did not. Number of gestations, age, body mass index, and intake of iodized supplements and iodized salt were the most important predictors of iodine deficiency. Based on Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis, the diagnostic performance of the ANN model was superior to the logistic regression model. The ANN model, with variables on pregnancy and the intake of iodine rich foods, iodized supplement and iodized salt may be useful for predicting iodine deficiency in the early pregnancy.

著者

CHANG KWANG-HYEON 花里 孝幸

出版者

日本プランクトン学会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.99-110, 2007 (Released:2011-03-05)

著者

Ye-jin Choi Hee-jung Kim Sun-young Han Bo-ram Choi

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.398-399, 2018 (Released:2018-03-02)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of interferential current therapy on the shoulder muscles of subjects with forward head posture. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty volunteers (15 forward head posture, 15 control) participated in this study. Interferential current therapy treatment was conducted for 10 min, three times per week, for 3 weeks on both the upper trapezius and levator scapulae. Subjects were measured anterior both acromion distance and posterior both acromial distance using a ruler, and the forward head posture angle using an electronic application. [Results] Both groups showed significant increases in anterior acromial distance, and decreases in posterior acromial distance and forward head posture angle. [Conclusion] Subjects were concluded that electrical therapy could improve structural alignment; therefore, the implementation of interferential current therapy is expected to be effective for the treatment of forward head posture.

著者

Tetsuji Hosoda Hitoshi Suzuki Masashi Harada Kimiyuki Tsuchiya Sang-Hoon Han Ya-ping Zhang Alexei P. Kryukov Liang-Kong Lin

出版者

The Genetics Society of Japan

雑誌

Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.5, pp.259-267, 2000 (Released:2002-09-19)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

55 67

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We compared partial sequences (402 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in 68 individuals of martens (Martes), weasels (Mustela) and their relatives from the Northern Hemisphere to identify the modes of geographic differentiation in each species. We then compared complete sequences (1140 bp) of the gene in 17 species of the family Mustelidae to know the spatial and temporal modes of speciation, constructing linearized trees with transversional substitutions for deeper lineage divergences and with transversions and transitions for younger lineages. Our data suggested that these lineages of Martes and Mustela differentiated in a stepwise fashion with five radiation stages from the generic divergences (stage I) to the intraspecific divergences (stage V), during the last 10 or 20 million years as the fossil evidence suggests. In the lineage of Martes, the first offshoots are of Martes flavigula, M. pennanti, and Gulo gulo (stage II), the second is M. foina (stage III), and the third are M. americana, M. martes, M. melampus, and M. zibellina (stage IV). The divergence of the lineages of Mustela is likely to have taken place concurrently with the radiations of the Martes. These divergence processes are attributable in part to the geographic allocation along the two continents, North America and Eurasia, as well as among peripheral insular domains, such as Taiwan and the Japanese Islands. In addition, the Eurasian continent itself was shown to have been involved in the species diversification in the martens and weasels.

著者

Masunori Matsuzaki Toru Kita Hiroshi Mabuchi Yuji Matsuzawa Noriaki Nakaya Shinichi Oikawa Yasushi Saito Jun Sasaki Kazuaki Shimamoto Hiroshige Itakura the J-LIT Study Group

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.12, pp.1087-1095, 2002 (Released:2002-11-25)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

172 196

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Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor for primary coronary heart disease (CHD). Although simvastatin is known to lower serum lipid concentrations, the protective effect of such lipid-lowering therapy against primary CHD has not been established in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia. The Japan Lipid Intervention Trial was a 6-year, nationwide cohort study of 47,294 patients treated with open-labeled simvastatin (5-10 mg/day) and monitored by physicians under standard clinical conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the occurrence of CHD and the serum lipid concentrations during low-dose simvastatin treatment. Simvastatin reduced serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG), by 18.4%, 26.8% and 16.1% on average, respectively, during the treatment period. The risk of coronary events was higher when the average TC concentration was ≥240 mg/dl and the average LDL-C concentration was ≥160 mg/dl. The incidence of coronary events increased in the patients with TG concentration ≥300 mg/dl compared with patients with TG concentration <150 mg/dl. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) inversely correlated with the risk of coronary events. The J-curve association was observed between average TC or LDL-C concentrations and total mortality. Malignancy was the most prevalent cause of death. The health of patients should be monitored closely when there is a remarkable decrease in TC and LDL-C concentrations with low-dose statin. A reasonable strategy to prevent coronary events in Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients without prior CHD under low-dose statin treatment might be regulating the serum lipid concentrations to at least <240 mg/dl for TC, <160 mg/dl for LDL-C, <300 mg/dl for TG, and >40 mg/dl for HDL-C. (Circ J 2002; 66: 1087 - 1095)

著者

Yanze Li Hisashi Endo Yasuhiro Gotoh Hiroyasu Watai Nana Ogawa Romain Blanc-Mathieu Takashi Yoshida Hiroyuki Ogata

出版者

Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology · The Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.ME19037, (Released:2019-08-03)

被引用文献数

13

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Giant viruses of ‘Megaviridae’ have the ability to widely disperse around the globe. We herein examined ‘Megaviridae’ communities in four distinct aquatic environments (coastal and offshore seawater, brackish water, and hot spring freshwater), which are distantly located from each other (between 74 and 1,765 km), using a meta-barcoding method. We identified between 593 and 3,627 OTUs in each sample. Some OTUs were detected in all five samples tested as well as in many of the Tara Oceans metagenomes, suggesting the existence of viruses of this family in a wide range of habitats and the ability to circulate on the planet.

著者

Shinichi Kuriyama Naoki Nakaya Kaori Ohmori-Matsuda Taichi Shimazu Nobutaka Kikuchi Masako Kakizaki Toshimasa Sone Fumi Sato Masato Nagai Yumi Sugawara Yasutake Tomata Munira Akhter Mizuka Higashiguchi Naru Fukuchi Hideko Takahashi Atsushi Hozawa Ichiro Tsuji

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.253-258, 2010-05-05 (Released:2010-05-05)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

38 62

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Background: Large-scale cohort studies conducted in Japan do not always include psychosocial factors as exposures. In addition, such studies sometimes fail to satisfactorily evaluate disability status as an outcome.Methods: This prospective cohort study comprised 49 603 (22 438 men and 27 165 women) community-dwelling adults aged 40 years or older who were included in the Residential Registry for Ohsaki City, Miyagi Prefecture, in northeastern Japan. The baseline survey, which included psychosocial factors, was conducted in December 2006. Follow-up of death, immigration, cause of death, cancer incidence, and long-term care insurance certification was started on 1 January 2007.Results: The response rate was 64.2%. In general, lifestyle-related conditions in the study population were similar to those of the general Japanese population; however, the proportion of male current smokers was higher in the cohort. The association between age and the proportion of those reporting psychological distress showed a clear U-shaped curve, with a nadir at age 60 to 69 years in both men and women, although more women were affected by such distress than men. The proportion of those who reported a lack of social support was highest among those aged 40 to 49 years. Most men and women surveyed did not participate in community activities. Among participants aged 65 years or older, 10.9% of participants were certified beneficiaries of the long-term care insurance system at baseline.Conclusions: The Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study is a novel population-based prospective cohort study that focuses on psychosocial factors and long-term care insurance certification.

著者

Young-Ran Yeun

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.365-369, 2017 (Released:2017-02-24)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

6

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[Purpose] This study was conducted to identify and analyze the degree of effect of massage therapy on the range of motion of the shoulder. [Subjects and Methods] The database search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, RISS, NDSL, NANET, DBpia, and KoreaMed. The meta-analysis was based on 7 studies, covered a total of 237 participants, and used a random-effects model. [Results] The effect size estimate showed that massage therapy significantly improved the shoulder range of motion, especially the flexion (SMD: 18.21, 95% CI 1.57–34.85) and abduction (SMD: 22.07, 95% CI 5.84–38.30). [Conclusion] The review findings suggest that massage therapy is effective in improving the shoulder flexion and abduction.