著者

石井 好二郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.39, 2023 (Released:2023-01-15)

著者

池袋 敏博 久保 啓太郎 岡田 純一 矢田 秀昭 角田 直也

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.401-411, 2011 (Released:2011-08-30)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

7 7

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This study aimed to investigate the differences in the development of muscle thickness (MT) in the lower limbs with specific sports-event training. Furthermore, the relationship between MT of the lower limbs for weightlifters and sprinters and their competition performances (total weight lifted and 100m sprint times) was examined. Subjects were 64 males divided into 3 groups: weightlifters (n=20), sprinters (n=20), and untrained subjects as controls (n=24). The MT{relative to (body weight)1/3}of knee extensors (KE), knee flexors (KF), plantar flexors (PF) and dorsi flexors (DF) was measured at 21 sites (proximal, middle and distal) along the length of the upper and lower leg by B-mode ultrasound. The MT of KE for weightlifters was significantly greater than that for sprinters and controls, while the MT of KF and PF for sprinters was significantly greater than that for weightlifters and controls. The MT of rectus femoris (RF), vastus intermedius (VI), vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) for weightlifters was significantly greater than that for sprinters and controls, while the MT of RF and VM for sprinters was greater than that of controls. On the other hand, the MT of KE for weightlifters and sprinters (especially VM) correlated significantly with competition performances. These results indicated that squatting affected the MT of KE except for RF while sprinting affected the MT of KF and PF. It was also concluded that the MT of KE for weightlifters and sprinters (particularly VM) was related to their competition performances.

著者

鈴木 基文

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.31, 2023 (Released:2023-01-15)

著者

高野 成子 端 利志明

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.5, pp.255-263, 1986-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

6

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Cardiovascular responses to weight-lifting exercise were studied on eight experienced weight lifters, with an aim at examining the difference in the responses between two weight-lifting forms of “Snatch”and“Jerk”and that between the subjects. The exercise was performed successively at five exercise intensities interposing 3.5-min rest in sitting position : 10 repetitive lifts for 30 sec with 20, 40 and 60% of the maximum single lift, 3 repetitive lifts within 25 sec with 80% and finally the maximum single lift (100%·1 RM) . Each of“Snatch”and“Jerk”experiments was done on separate days. Blood pressures (BP) in sitting position were measured in sphygmomanometry at rest and 30 sec before and 12 sec after exercise. Heart rate (HR) was measured in a 30 sec pooling method throughout the experimental period. The following results and suggestions were obtained.(1) Resting HR and BP that were measured before the exercise were not different between“Snatch”and“Jerk” experiments.(2) At each exercise intensity, HR during exercise (exercise HR) was slightly greater in“Snatch”than in “Jerk”, the difference being not significant. Exercise HR at 100%·1 RM was 114±9 (SD) beats/min in “Snatch”and 111±7 beats/min in“Jerk”.(3) Anticipative tachypnea occurring prior to exercise became stronger as the weight to be lifted became heavier.(4) At each exercise intensity, the inter-subject difference in exercise HR was due to the difference in the absolute weight lifted for subjects weighing lighter, and for those weighing heavier it was due to the differences in the resting HR as well as in the absolute weight lifted.(5) Thus, exercise HR in weight lifting that requires nearly maximal dynamic contraction for 10-30 sec seems to be determined not only by the exercise intensity but also by resting HR, anticipative tachypnea and experience.(6) At lower exercise intensities, post-exercise BP was significantly higher in“Snatch”than in“Jerk”, while the difference between the two weight-lifting forms disappeared at higher intensities. At 100%·1 RM, post-exercise BP was around 145 mmHg for the systolic pressure and 77 mmHg for the diastolic pressure in both lift forms.(7) At each exercise intensity, the inter-subject difference in post-exercise BP was accounted for by that in the resting BP but not in the absolute weight lifted. Accordingly, the rise in BP with exercise, calculated as post-exercise BP minus resting BP, was invariable with the subjects. At 100%·1 RM, the rise in BP was 25 mmHg for the systolic pressure and 10 mmHg for the diastolic pressure.(8) Difference in cardiovascular responses between the two weight-lifting forms and interpretation of post-exercise values of BP and HR are discussed.

著者

利光 孝之 牧野 聖也 北條 研一 鈴木 良雄 仲村 明 高梨 雄太 鯉川 なつえ 長門 俊介 櫻庭 景植 竹田 和由 奥村 康 澤木 啓祐

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.2, pp.161-172, 2023-04-01 (Released:2023-03-13)

参考文献数

30

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ingesting yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (OLL1073R-1) on the immune function of healthy university men track and field athletes. Study design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. A total of 37 track and field athletes aged ≥18 years were randomly assigned into two groups. For 2 weeks, two bottles of yogurt fermented with OLL1073R-1 and Streptococcus thermophilus OLS3059 or placebo sour milk were ingested daily to the participants. During the intake period, a 1-week training camp was held and participants were subjected to strenuous exercise. Natural killer (NK) cell activity, which is the primary endpoint, was significantly lower in the placebo group after ingestion than that at baseline; however, it remained unchanged during the pre-exercise level of the yogurt group. The two-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed an interaction effect in the NK cell activity change (P=0.018) and a significant difference between the groups after the 2-week ingestion (P=0.015). Among the secondary endpoints, cytokines and chemokines levels involved in activating innate immunity maintained or enhanced only in the yogurt group. ALT, LDH, and CK significantly elevated only in the placebo group. Furthermore, amino acid levels were significantly lower in the placebo group after ingestion than that at baseline; however, it remained unchanged during the pre-exercise level in the yogurt group. Consuming yogurt fermented with OLL1073R-1 prevents the decline in immune function associated with strenuous exercise. Additionally, the yogurt may contribute to stable physical condition.

著者

山田 陽介 木村 みさか 中村 榮太郎 増尾 善久 小田 伸午

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.5, pp.461-472, 2007-10-01 (Released:2007-11-22)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

17 12

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Although skeletal muscle mass decreases with aging, its decrease rate may differ among parts of the body. There have been few studies examining the differences in the muscle mass decrease rate between proximal and distal parts of the limbs or between the left and right legs in a large population. Bioelectrical impedance (BI) index, calculated as the ratio of the square of segment length to impedance, is linearly correlated with the muscle mass calculated by MRI (r=0.902-0.976, p<0.05, Miyatani et al., 2001) in the limb segments. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the decrease rate of muscle mass between the proximal and distal parts of the limbs and between the upper and lower limbs in healthy Japanese. The BI index was measured in the bilateral thighs, lower legs, upper arms, and forearms of 1006 healthy Japanese men and women (aged 15-97 years). While the BI index decreased with aging in all examined parts of the body, the decrease rate was larger in the lower limb than in the upper limb, and in the thigh than in the lower leg. The percentage of people who showed a difference of more than 10 % in the BI index between the left and right lower limbs was significantly higher in the elderly than in young subjects. These differences in the decrease rate of muscle mass between limbs may be associated with decreases in physical functions in the elderly.

著者

沢井 史穂 白山 正人 武藤 芳照 宮下 充正

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.155-163, 1990-06-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

5 3

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近赤外分光法は, 従来, 食品成分の非破壊分析法として用いられてきたが, 近年アメリカにおいてこの方法をヒトの体脂肪率の推定に応用する試みがなされ, 携帯用小型測定器が開発された.本研究は, この測定法を日本においても汎用可能とするための日本人用体脂肪率推定式を決定しようとするものである.年齢, 体格, 身体活動量の異なる18~58歳の健常な男性69名, 女性52名を対象に, 身長, 体重, 体脂肪率を測定した.体脂肪率は, 水中体重法, 皮脂厚法, 近赤外分光法の3方法を用いて推定した.近赤外分光法の測定部位は, 予備実験の結果, アメリカにおける先行研究と同様, 他の測定法による体脂肪率との相関が最も高かった上腕二頭筋中央部とし, 947mmの近赤外線を照射して光吸収スペクトルを得た.被検者の1/2について, それぞれの近赤外スペクトルの値を水中体重法による体脂肪率に回帰させ, 体脂肪率推定式を算出した.残り1/2の被検者の近赤外スペクトルをその式に代入して得た体脂肪率と水中体重法によって求めた体脂肪率の値とを比較したところ, r=0.89 (SEE=2.9) の高い相関が認められた.これは, 水中体重法と皮脂厚法との間の相関係数とほぼ同様の値であった.アメリカ人用の推定式の決定には, 近赤外分光法スペクトルの他に身長, 体重, 年齢の変数を加えた方が, 相関係数の値が高くなったと報告されているが, 日本人の場合, 他の変数を加えても相関係数の値はほとんど変わらなかった.また, 測定部位における左右差はなかった.したがって, 近赤外分光法による日本人用体脂肪率の推定式は, 体脂肪率=54.14-29.47× (947nmにおける近赤外スペクトル値) 〔r=0.88 (p<0.01) , SEE=3.2〕と決定された.

著者

井原 拓哉 秋本 剛 大林 弘宗 山中 悠紀 浦辺 幸夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.357-362, 2010 (Released:2010-09-15)

参考文献数

15

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Decrease in the hip extension range of motion (HE-ROM) can cause lumbar hyperlordosis. Hyperlordosis is one of the mechanisms underlying low back pain. A diagnosis of low back pain from hyperlordosis can be used to detect the area in which hyperlordosis occurs more easily—the upper or lower lumbar spine. Twenty-one men were recruited for this study. HE-ROM was measured manually. Lumbar alignment was measured on a bed in a prone position. We extended the subject's hip by bending the bed at 4 angles (0°, 10°, 15°, 30°) and measured the spinal alignment by using a SpinalMouse. The results showed that lumbar lordosis increased at the bed angles of 15°and 30°. Only when the bed angle was changed from 0° to 30°, the increased angle of the lumbar spine was negatively correlated to the HE-ROM (r=-0.46, p<0.05), particularly that of the lower lumbar spine (r=-0.47, p<0.05). These findings suggested that lower lumbar lordosis tends to increase in individuals with poor HE-ROM. Additionally, increase in lower lumbar lordosis is attributed to the tendency to have low back pain in the lower lumbar spine.

著者

織田 恵輔 臼井 達矢 上田 真也 桂 良寛 吉川 貴仁 小林 茂 藤本 繁夫

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.313-318, 2012-06-01 (Released:2012-06-15)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

4

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Although there are a number of reported cases of increased cerebral blood flow during exercise, there are no reports on the relation between changes of blood flow during exercise and attentional function. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relation between changes of blood flow during exercise with AT intensity and attentional function, using near-infrared spectral analysis. The subjects were 10 healthy males. The research protocol was to conduct steady load exercise. We randomly conducted two invention trials: 1) an exercise/task trial in which a trail making test (TMT) was performed as an attentional assignment during steady load exercise, and 2) a rest/task trial in which TMT was performed during rest as a control. As a result, we observed the following: increase of oxy-Hb in the prefrontal cortex during AT exercise, the significant shortening of TMT during exercise from 69.1±10.2 seconds to63.2±7.2seconds, and, with further control, that the more oxy-Hb rises, the more TMT time is shortened. From these results, it is suggested that 10 minutes of exercise would improve attentional function, and furthermore, there is a possibility that increased cerebral blood flow may be involved with the improvement of attentional function.

著者

鈴木 政登 清水 桃子 河辺 典子 高尾 匡 町田 勝彦 川上 憲司

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.329-344, 1996-04-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

5 1

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加齢およびlife styleに起因した有酸素性作業能 (VO2max) の低下, 高血圧, 血清脂質の上昇および筋量や骨密度 (BMD) の低下は「寝たきり, 痴呆性老人」発症の危険因子とされる.本研究は, 年齢やlife styleおよび運動の習慣化の動機などそれぞれが異なる20~76歳の健康女性165名を対象とした横断的研究であり, これらの危険因子が習慣的運動によって改善または除去されるか否かを調べる目的でなされた.1回30分間以上, 週2回以上の頻度で水泳, ジョギング, エアロビックダンス等の運動を2年間以上継続している者を運動群 (Ex群, n=82) , Ex群としての条件を満たさない者および運動習慣がない者を対照群 (Cont群, n=83) とし, 40~60歳までは5歳刻みで, それ以下およびそれ以上の年齢の者は一括して比較した.運動習慣の有無のみならず閉経年齢や嗜好品および就業状況などlife styleの調査も行い, 次のような研究結果を得た.1) 本被検者165名のうち閉経者は89名 (54%) おり, 閉経年齢の平均は49.7±3.1歳 (閉経期間1~23年間) であった.2) 常習的喫煙者は35名, 週1回以上の頻度の飲酒習慣を有する者は100名みられた.3) 加齢にともなって体重あたりVO2max (n=165, r=-0.590) およびHRmax (r=-0.722) は有意 (p<0.001) に減少した.Ex群のVO2maxはCont群に比し有意な高値を維持しつつ加齢にともない減少したが, HRmaxには2群間の差はなかった.4) 安静時血圧は40歳未満の群が有意な低値を示した他は隣合う年齢間に有意差こそなかったが, 明らかに加齢にともないSBP (r=0.391) , DBP (r=0.315) ともに有意 (P<0.001) な上昇を示した.しかし, 本被検者165名の中には160/95mmHg以上の者はいなかった.安静血圧にはEx, Cont群間に有意差はなかったが, 運動前後の差 (ΔSBP, ΔDBP) はEx群がやや高い傾向であった.5) 血液成分のうち, 明かな年齢変化が認められたのは血清TC (r=0.346, p<0.001) およびLDL-C濃度 (r=0.339, p<0.001) であった.HDL-Cには年齢変化はみられなかった.Ex, Cont群間の比較では, TC, HDL-CいずれもEx群が高値傾向を示し, HDL-C/TC比には差がなかった.しかし, 本被検者のうち10, 30kmおよびフルマラソンなど公式試合出場者 (n=11, 49.7±7.7歳) では同年代の者に比し血清TCは低く (189.2±23.3mg/dl) , HDL-Cは有意に高値 (72.2±10.9mg/dl) であった.さらに, 飲酒と運動習慣を併用している者 (n=26) のHDL-C (75.8±15.8mg/dl) およびHDL-C/TC比が高かった.6) 体重や肥満度には年齢変化も2群間の差もみられなかったが, 加齢にともない%FTMが増加し, %LTMが減少する傾向であった.2群間の比較ではEx群の%LTMが高く, %FTMは低値傾向を示した.7) 閉経前にはEx群のTBMDおよびLegBMDが有意に高値であったが閉経後では2群間に有意差はなかった.しかし, 閉経後の者でもフルマラソン等公式大会に出場している者 (n=5, 52.6±1.5歳) のTBMDおよびLegBMDはCont群 (51~55歳) のそれに比し有意に高値であった.8) VO2max, 体組成, 骨密度および血清脂質濃度相互の関連を調べた結果, VO2max総量はLTM (kg) と高い相関 (r=0.669) を示し, VO2max/LTMは加齢にともなって減少したが, いずれの年齢でも常にEx群が有意な高値であった.体重あたりVO2maxは%FTMとは逆相関 (r=-0.442) , %LTMとは正相関 (r=0.422) を示した.しかし, 血清TC, HDL-C濃度とは関連がなく, 安静時SBP (r=-0.232, p<0.01) およびDBP (r=-0.192, p<0.05) とは低い相関係数しか示されなかった.一方, BMDは年齢の他に体重, それもLTMの影響を強く受けた.しかし, TBMDと体重あたりVO2maxとの相関は必ずしも高くはなかった (r=0.354, p<0.001) .骨密度およびVO2maxにおよぼす諸要因の重回帰分析を行った結果, 次のような回帰式を得た.全身骨密度 (TBMD; g・cm-2)=0.9525-0.0045×Age+0.0059×FTM (kg) +0.0072×LTM (kg)(n=165, R=0.669, p<0.001)VO2max (ml・kg-1・min-1)=47.97-0.391×Age+0.175×Leg BMD (g・cm-2) -0.531×%FTM (%)(n=165, R=0.715, p<0.001)尚, 上記二式の偏回帰係数はすべて0.1%水準で有意であった.以上の研究結果から, 習慣的運動によって全身持久性能力 (VO2max) や筋の最大酸化能 (VO2max/LTM) は高く維持されるが, 加齢による骨密度の減少や血清脂質の改善を期待することは困難であり, これらの改善にはより厳密な運動処方が必要であることがわかった.しかし, 体重あたりVO2maxは骨密度 (例えば, 脚骨密度; r=0.395) や筋量指標 (%LTM; r=0.422) と有意 (p<0.001) な正相関を示したことから,

著者

岡崎 和伸

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.47, 2015 (Released:2015-01-25)

著者

八幡 薫 佐藤 成 清野 涼介 稲葉 和貴 須藤 重樹 平泉 翔 中村 雅俊

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.157-164, 2020-02-01 (Released:2020-01-21)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2

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It is well known that eccentric exercise induces muscle damage that is characterized by a prolonged decrease in muscle strength and range of motion, development of delayed onset muscle soreness. The previous studies showed that hold-relax stretching (HRS) was effective for improving the decreases in range of motion and muscle soreness. In addition, modified proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (mPNF) was an equally effective for HRS. However, it was unclear whether there are differences between acute effects of HRS and mPNF on muscle strength and muscle soreness in eccentrically damaged muscle. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the acute effects of HRS with those of mPNF on muscle strength and soreness in eccentrically damaged muscle. The participants comprised 40 volunteers randomly assigned to either the HRS group (N = 20) or the mPNF group (N = 20). Initially, the participants of both groups performed 60 maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. Two days after this exercise, each group performed either HRS or mPNF for 60 s at a time and repeated them six times for a total of 360 s. Muscle strength and soreness during stretching and contraction were measured before and immediately after HRS and mPNF. The results showed that the muscle soreness observed after eccentric contraction significantly decreased immediately after both HRS and mPNF. In addition, there were no significant changes in muscle strength immediately after both HRS and mPNF. These results suggest that while both HRS and mPNF can effectively decrease muscle soreness without reducing performance.

著者

萩原 正大 山本 正嘉

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.327-341, 2011 (Released:2011-07-12)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

5 5

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We simulated mountain climbing using walking on a treadmill in order to systematically evaluate the physical load during mountain climbing. The conditions of three types of load-(1) inclination of the walking path (walking uphill and downhill), (2) walking speed, and (3) backpack weight-were varied within the range assumed for normal mountain climbing (40 sets of conditions in total). When the three types of load were expressed as vertical work rate, energy expenditure (VO2) during walking uphill and downhill was distributed along roughly the same curve. The following characteristics of walking uphill and downhill were observed.A. Walking uphillFor all three types of load, increase in load gave a linear increase in VO2 and heart rate (HR). A lactate threshold (LT) appeared at an intensity of 62%VO2max, when HR was 78% HRmax. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was evaluated for the “Breathlessness” and “Leg Fatigue”, and both of these increased roughly in proportion to %VO2max.B. Walking downhillWhen walking downhill, VO2 was 35-50% the intensity of VO2 when walking uphill on the same slope and at the same speed. Energy expenditure did not exceed 60%VO2max in any of the load conditions, and no LT was seen. RPE values were higher for walking downhill than walking uphill, even when %VO2max values were the same. RPE values for the “Leg Fatigue” tended to be higher than for the “Breathlessness” at the same speed in downhill walking.Using these data, we created a table giving the intensity of exercise of mountain climbing expressed as VO2 per unit body mass and metabolic equivalents (Mets) with vertical migration velocity and total weight (Body weight + Backpack weight) as variables. This table gives mountain climbers a systematic understanding of the physical load under various mountain climbing conditions. It is likely to be of use as a reference for mountain climbers of different levels of physical fitness when practicing mountain climbing appropriate to their individual level. The present results suggest that in downhill walking, it is insufficient to express the physical load in energy expenditure (VO2 and Mets) alone, and the load on the leg muscles must also be judged using the RPE in the “Leg Fatigue”.

著者

杉浦 崇夫 的場 秀樹 村上 悳

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.17-24, 1983-02-01 (Released:2010-12-10)

参考文献数

32

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Sex difference in enzyme activities of the skeletal muscle were examined in rats aged 10 and 35 weeks. At 10 and 35 weeks of age, animals were anesthetized with ether and weighed. M, gastrocnemius, m.extensor digitorum longus and m.soleus were removed from both legs under pentobarbital anethesia and weighed. These muscles were used for the determination of myosin ATPase activity, phosphofruktokinase (PFK) activity, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and non-collagenous protein (NCP) content.The results were summarized as follows:1) Thirty-five week-old rats had heavier body and muscle weights than 10-weekold rats in both sexes and males had significantly heavier body and muscle weights than females at both 10 and 35 weeks of age.2) Similar tendency was observed with regard to total NCP content. Furthermore, it was found that total NCP content was positively correrated to muscle weight (r=0.871, r=0.909 and r=0.871 in m. gastrocnemius, m.extensor digitorum longus and m.soleus, respectively) . However, no significant difference in NCP content per wet weight was found between both sexes and between different age groups.3) Myosin ATPase activity tended to be lower at 35 weeks of age than at 10 weeks of age, the tendency being the most prominent in the gastrocnemius muscle of male rat (p<0.05) . However, no significant sex difference in myosin ATPase activity was observed in three muscle examined in both age groups.4) Although not statistically significant, mean PFK activity was slightly lower in 35-week-old rats than in 10-week-old rats, and there was no sex difference in PFK activity at both weeks of age.5) SDH activity was significantly lower in 35-week-old rats than in 10-week-old rats except that there was no significant age difference in the gastrocnemius muscle of males. There was no significant sex difference in SDH activity in both age groups with an exception of the extensor digitorum longus muscle from 35-week-old rats, where males had significantly higher SDH activity than females.

著者

新井 彩 石川 昌紀 浦田 達也 国正 陽子 佐野 加奈絵 田中 ひかる 伊藤 章

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.165-172, 2015-02-01 (Released:2015-01-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2 1

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the importance of the agonist muscle activity of the post-impact 30 ms phase during drop jump (DJ) for effective rebound performance by comparing those of sprint runners and swimmers. The eight sprint runners (SPRINT) and twelve swimmers (SWIM) were participated in this study. They performed DJ from a 0.3-m height box with maximal rebound efforts. Electromyograms (EMG) of the lower leg muscles (medial gastrocnemius [MG], soleus [SOL] and tibialis anterior [TA]), and vertical ground reaction force together with kinematic data were measured simultaneously during DJ. In addition, the onsets of fascicle stretching of the MG and SOL muscles were measured by using high-speed ultrasonography (521Hz) during DJ. The onsets of the fascicle stretching of SOL during DJ were not significantly different between SPRINT and SWIM (15 ± 7 ms and 16 ± 6 ms, respectively). During DJ, SPRINT showed onset of the SOL EMG before the ground contact (-26 ± 19 ms). Meanwhile, SWIM showed the onset of the SOL EMG after the ground contact of DJ (16 ± 19 ms). These results suggest that the SOL muscles for SWIM cannot be fully-activated during the braking phase. Consequently, the rate of force development during the braking phase of DJ and subsequently rebound height could be reduced in SWIM.

著者

武者 春樹 藤谷 博人 油井 直子 立石 圭祐 谷田部 かなか 寺脇 史子

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.69, 2014 (Released:2014-01-24)

著者

小泉 潤 泉 主馬 大家 利之

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.4, pp.355-365, 2022-08-01 (Released:2022-07-12)

参考文献数

32

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It has been suggested that inspiratory muscles fatigue impairing blood flow to the active limb muscle via respiratory muscle metaboreflex. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle fatigue on exercise performance and muscle tissue oxygenation in high-intensity exercise takes about 3.5~5min. Eleven healthy males subjects performed two conditions of constant-load exercise to exhaustion (TTE) on a cycle ergometer at 100% of maximal oxygen uptake. The two conditions—inspiratory muscle fatiguing (IMF) and non-fatiguing (PLA) —which had different intensity inspiratory resistance breathing (IRB) were performed before exercise. Muscle tissue oxygenations were measured by deoxyhemogrobin (HHb), oxygen saturation index (StO2) from right vastus lateralis during TTE. All data were analyzed from nine subjects whose inspiratory muscle were fatigued by IRB in IMF. Results: TTE was significantly shorter in IMF compare to PLA (244±31s vs. 268±38s, p<0.05). HHb was significantly higher and StO2 was significantly lower in IMF than in PLA (p<0.05). Conclusion: High-intensity exercise completed in 3.5~5 minutes, it was suggested that inspiratory muscle fatigue reduced the oxygen deriver to active limb muscle, resulting in decrease exercise performance. Improving function of inspiratory muscles, such as in inspiratory muscle training, may improve oxygenation of the active limb muscle and enhance exercise performance.

著者

GUO-CHIANG SHOU TOSHIHIRO ISHIKO

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.58-65, 1994-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

2 2

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The purpose of this study was to compare blood lactate concentration, lactate threshold (LT) and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) during an incremental bicycle exercise under a hot dry environment with those during the same workload under a thermoneutral environment. Eight unacclimated men performed an incremental test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer during which the work rate was increased by 30 W every three minutes under thermoneutral (25°C) and hot dry (40°C) environmental conditions. Oxygen consumption (VO2) -pulmonary ventilation (VE), gas exchange measures and earlobe blood samples for lactate analysis were obtained every minute during the test. LT (p<0.05) and OBLA (p<0.01) occurred at significantly lower VO2 under the hot environment than those under the thermoneutral environment. Additionally blood lactate concentration was significantly higher (p<0.05) at each measurement period under the hot environment compared with that under the ther-moneutral environment. The correlation between LT and ventilatory threshold (VT) was not statistically significant under the thermoneutral (r=0.20) and hot dry (r=0.60) environments, These findings demonstrate that the hot dry environment may increase blood lactate concentration more and causes a leftward shift of LT and OBLA. Since blood lactate accumulation during incremental exercise is not considered to be the only factor which mediates VE, VT does not always accurately predict LT.

著者

原田 和弘 村上 晴香 宮地 元彦 近藤 徳彦

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.105-116, 2019-04-01 (Released:2019-03-16)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

6

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This study aimed to develop affective experience, attitude, and behavioral intention scales for exercise, and examine their associations with exercise behavior. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among 500 individuals aged 60 to 69 years at baseline. The survey measured respondents’ affective experiences, attitude, behavioral intention, exercise behavior, and demographic factors. The same survey was conducted 2 weeks (n = 345) and 1 year later (n = 338). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the factor structures of the affective experience (2 factors: 3 items each for positive experience and negative experience), attitude (2 factors: 3 items each for affective attitudes and instrumental attitudes), and behavioral intention scales (2 factors: 4 items each for intention to maintain behavior and intention to overcome barriers) were acceptable. For these scales, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.69 to 0.92, Pearson’s correlation coefficients for baseline and 2-week follow-up ranged from 0.51 to 0.81, and Cohen’s d values for the associations with exercise behavior ranged from 0.46 to 0.98. After adjusting for demographic factors and exercise behavior at baseline, structural equation modeling showed that an affective attitude toward exercise at baseline significantly predicted exercise behavior at 1-year follow-up (standardized coefficient = 0.27), and that the affective attitude was predominantly explained by the positive affective experience of exercise (standardized coefficient = 0.80). The results confirmed the validities and reliabilities of the scales. Positive affective experiences and affective attitudes may be important determinants of exercise behavior.

著者

田中 喜代次 吉村 隆喜

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.285-288, 2020-06-01 (Released:2020-05-12)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1 1