著者

小川 園子 牧野 順四郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.78-84, 1981-07-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

4 11

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A total of 43 female mice of different strains (AKR/J, BALB/c, C3H/He, C57BL/6, DBA/2J, and ICR/JCL) were tested four times in the virgin period (two times each in estrous and non-estrous stages), three times in the pregnant period, nine times in the lactating period, and once on the next day of weaning. On each test, a male ICR/JCL mouse was introduced into the female's home cage and the social interaction between them was observed for 10min. Darting, Chasing, Attack, Biting, Wrestling, and Boxing were checked as the female's aggressive behavior. It was found that (1) females exhibited very little aggressive behavior in the virgin period in both estrous and non-estrous stages, (2) females of several strains showed intense aggressive behavior in pregnancy, (3) during the early lactating period, females were most aggressive, and thereafter the amount of aggressive behavior gradually declined, and (4) on the next day of weaning, no females exhibited gressive behavior. The behavioral pattern of aggression was very different among the strains, even though they displayed about the same level of aggression.

著者

榊 美知子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.2, pp.169-175, 2005-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

7

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Persons in negative moods often recall their positive experiences to alleviate their affective states. This study investigated the nature of autobiographical memories that facilitate improvement of negative moods. More specifically, it examined the relations between participants' subjective moods and the three natures of recalled memories (the current positivity, the past positivity, and the importance). After 67 participants were induced either negative or neutral moods, they were asked to recall five positive experiences and to rate their affective states. Results indicated that the more important memories participants recalled, the more positive moods they reported after recollection, and that these effects of the importance of autobiographical memories were observed in both negative and neutral moods. In contrast, neither the current positivity of memories nor the past positivity of memories significantly influenced participant's moods in both negative and neutral moods. The mechanism by which the importance of autobiographical memory affects moods was discussed.

著者

橘 覺勝

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.65-77, 1929

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Problems of this investigation:-<BR>(1) Which, if any, of the simple colours are preferred by the aged.<BR>(2) Whether the preferences vary according to sex and age.<BR>(3) Whether any differences of a constant nature exist between the preferred colours of the aged and those of children and adults.<BR>Methods and Procedures:-<BR>The colours used were Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue and Violet. The subjects were IIO males and IOO females in number, covering from sixty to ninety in age. In the firstp lace the observers were asked to compare two simple colours and choose the one which is prettier showed in pair, for example red and orange, yellow and green etc.(there were 15 pairs). When this was done, they were asked to pick out the colour that they liked the best among six colours, then the next best one, third, fourth and so on.<BR>Results and Conclusions:-<BR>We could not find any apparent difference in the results get by the both methods above mentioned.<BR>(1) The order of preference is as follows: Blue, Violet, Green, Red, Yellow and Orange. Blue clearly takes the first place, Orange occupies the lowest. In this regard there are no characteristic features of the aged compared with the results of children and adults.<BR>(2) There finds scarcely any differences between male and female preferences, and this seems to show some important facts in old age.<BR>(3) There is almost no regular changes in preferences related to age, but only Red appears to increase the attractiveness as the subjects rise in age.<BR>(4)(a) Blue always stands on the first place in preference in both sexes.<BR>(b) Red occupies the fourth in general, but the variability of choice for it is very great. -Some observers place it in head, others at bottom.<BR>(c) Orange and Yellow usually take the position at the bottom of the order.<BR>(d) Violet and Green are always placed in the middle of the order.

著者

大村 壮

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.4, pp.406-412, 2010 (Released:2011-04-20)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

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The present study examined the gap between ideal and actual images about the elderly with regard to the occurrence or repetition of elder abuse. Semantic differential (SD) data for ideal and actual images were collected from 267 staff members in nursing care facilities. A factor analysis yielded three factors: “familiarity,” “sadness,” and “selfishness.” A logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of the gap between ideal and actual images with regard to elder abuse. The results indicated that the gap score for “familiarity” had an effect on the occurrence and repetition of violent actions, abusive language, and use of imperative words.

著者

岩佐 和典 田中 恒彦 山田 祐樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

被引用文献数

6

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<p>The purpose of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the Disgust Scale-Revised (DS-R-J). The participants were 1063 Japanese people (mean age = 21.64, <i>SD</i> = 7.33, <i>range</i> = 18–77; 581 males and 482 females) and were separated into three different groups. Participants in samples 1 (<i>n</i> = 481) and 2 (<i>n</i> = 492) provided data for examining the factor structure and validity of the DS-R-J. They completed the DS-R-J as well as questionnaires assessing disgust propensity and sensitivity, anxiety sensitivity, state and trait anxiety, affective state, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Participants in sample 3 (<i>n</i> = 90) provided data for estimating the test–retest reliability of the DS-R-J. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the three-factor structure involving core disgust, animal-reminder disgust, and physical and mental contamination disgust. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were sufficient, and conceptual validity of the DS-R-J was also supported. The results show that the Japanese version of the DS-R-J is a reliable and valid measurement of disgust sensitivity.</p>

著者

長峯 聖人 外山 美樹 三和 秀平 湯 立 黒住 嶺 相川 充

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

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<p>Research has suggested that regulatory fit creates value. In this study, the regulatory fit was defined as the fit between the regulatory focus and the advertising messages. We investigated the effects of regulatory fit on the evaluation of messages when familiarity with the message was low. This hypothesis was supported by two observations; when the familiarity with a message was low, regulatory fit was not observed among participants with a prevention focus. In contrast, regulatory fit was observed among participants with a promotion focus, with a higher preference for two-sided advertising. The significance of familiarity on the effects of regulatory fit and value is discussed.</p>

著者

小林 智之 及川 昌典

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

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<p>It has been widely documented that egalitarianism motivates people to avoid stereotype use, which in turn facilitates intergroup interactions. However, in addition to perceptions of how the outgroup is perceived by the ingroup (stereotypes), perceptions of how the ingroup is perceived by the outgroup (meta-stereotypes) may also play an important role in intergroup interactions. We hypothesized that when negative meta-stereotypes are perceived, egalitarianism may increase vigilance toward stereotype use by the outgroup, thus exacerbating feelings of anxiety in intergroup interactions. Japanese participants were asked to report how they felt during an intergroup interaction with a Korean confederate, after being exposed to an article documenting positive or negative views Koreans might have of Japanese. The results were consistent with the notion that when negative meta-stereotypes are perceived, participants with high (versus low) egalitarianism experienced more anxiety in the intergroup interaction.</p>

著者

井上 裕香子 長谷川 寿一 齋藤 慈子 清成 透子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

被引用文献数

2

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<p>The Social Value Orientation (SVO) explains individual differences in cooperation attitudes. In this study, we examine whether the SVO affects the time taken, and amount of information gathered, when judging the trustworthiness of other people. Participants were able to choose a partner based on the past allocation patterns of candidates, mimicking how people are able to select with whom they cooperate in their social environments. We investigated the effect of the SVO on the method of gathering information on character and choosing a social exchange partner. The results revealed that participants with a prosocial (cooperative) orientation took less time to choose a partner, gathered less information, and tended to choose partners who behaved equally with everyone, compared to participants with an individualistic (selfish) orientation. Our findings suggest that people with a prosocial orientation prefer partners who treat everyone equally, regardless of the relationship, while people with an individualistic orientation deliberately seek out candidates who are likely to provide a relationship which is beneficial to themselves.</p>

著者

小林 麻衣 堀毛 一也 北村 英哉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

被引用文献数

1

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<p>This two-part study aimed to examine the effects of temptation coping strategies on self-control when faced with a conflict between academic goals and temptations. The results of Study 1 indicated that the general use of temptation coping strategies promoted goal pursuits. Study 2 investigated whether differences in the difficulty of goal achievement had an effect on the effectiveness of temptation coping strategies. Goal Verification, Temptation Avoidance, and Goal Execution, which are subscales of the Scale of Temptation Coping Strategies in Academic Situations, were effective strategies to facilitate self-control regardless of the difficulty of goal achievement. However, Mood Changing, which is another subscale of the Scale of Temptation Coping Strategies in Academic Situations, was a strategy that did not affect self-control. These findings indicated that the temptation coping strategies were largely effective in academic situations. The implications of adaptive self-control are also discussed.</p>

著者

増井 啓太 下司 忠大 澤田 匡人 小塩 真司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

被引用文献数

13

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<p>The purpose of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the Dispositional Greed Scale (J-DGS), and to examine its reliability and validity. The participants in this study were Japanese university students (<i>N</i> = 856). The principal component analysis indicated that the J-DGS had a unidimensional structure and adequate internal consistency. There were positive associations between the J-DGS and envy, psychological entitlement, materialism, impulsive buying behavior, extravagance, and neuroticism. Conversely, J-DGS scores were negatively correlated with self-control, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and agreeableness. These results, which are consistent with previous studies, confirmed the concurrent validity of the J-DGS.</p>

著者

黒田 剛士 吉岡 大貴 宮崎 真

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.504-517, 2017-12

著者

大谷 和大 山村 麻予

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.499-503, 2017-12

著者

山本 晃輔 杉山 東子

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.478-487, 2017-12

著者

渡邊 寛

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.488-498, 2017-12

著者

雨宮 怜 坂入 洋右

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.470-477, 2017-12

著者

高橋 哲 西原 舞

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.460-469, 2017-12

著者

山内 貴史 須藤 杏寿 丹野 義彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.6, pp.498-505, 2009 (Released:2011-11-03)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3 8

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The Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS; Fowler, Freeman, Smith, kuipers, Bashforth, Coker, Hodgekins, Gracie, Dunn, and Garety, 2006) were devised to assess schemata concerning the self and others. In the BCSS, four schemata——Negative Self (NS), Positive Self (PS), Negative Others (NO), and Positive Others (PO)——are assessed by means of self-ratings. In this study, we developed the Japanese version of the BCSS (JBCSS) and reported the reliability and validity of the scales, using Japanese undergraduates. There were 200 students in the first survey (Time 1) and 128 in the second survey (Time 2). The results revealed that the JBCSS had a four-factor structure, good internal consistency, and acceptable test-retest reliability. In addition, multiple regression analyses with schemata as the independent variables and paranoid ideation and grandiose ideation as the dependent variables indicated that negative schemata about the self and others were generally associated with paranoid ideation, and positive schemata about the self were associated with grandiose ideation. The analyses suggested that the JBCSS had good reliability and validity as a measure of schemata about the self and others related to paranoid and grandiose ideation.

著者

中村 雅彦 斎藤 和志 若林 満

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.15-22, 1990-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

4 3

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how attitude change is generated by the recipient's degree of attitude formation, evaluative-emotional elements contained in the persuasive messages, and source expertise as a peripheral cue in the persuasion context. Hypotheses based on the Attitude Formation Theory of Mizuhara (1982) and the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Petty and Cacioppo (1981, 1986) were examined. Eighty undergraduate students served as subjects in the experiment, the first stage of which involving manipulating the degree of attitude formation with respect to nuclear power development. Then, the experimenter presented persuasive messages with varying combinations of evaluative-emotional elements from a source with either high or low expertise on the subject. Results revealed a significant interaction effect on attitude change among attitude formation, persuasive message and the expertise of the message source. That is, high attitude formation subjects resisted evaluative-emotional persuasion from the high expertise source while low attitude formation subjects changed their attitude when exposed to the same persuasive message from a low expertise source. Results exceeded initial predictions based on the Attitude Formation Theory and the Elaboration Likelihood Model.

著者

和田 裕一 岩崎 祥一 加藤 孝義

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.3, pp.263-269, 2003-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

24

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The six attentional-style subscales of the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (TAIS, Nideffer, 1976) have been used mainly in the sport psychology area to investigate the relationship between attentional abilities and performance. This study assessed the validity of the Japanese version of the TAIS attentional-style subscales with 157 male and 163 female students. A confirmatory factor analysis failed to validate Nideffer's attentional dimension of bandwidth (narrow to broad attention) and direction (internal to external). The findings replicate previous studies which showed that the structure of the TAIS attention-related subscales is not reasonable and its factorial validity does not meet the needs of psychometrics.

著者

雨宮 怜 坂入 洋右

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.470-477, 2017 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

5

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This study investigated the relationship between athletes’ mindfulness and future decrements in performance. Participants were 116 university athletes (male = 63, female = 53, unknown = 3, mean age = 19.25, SD = 0.98). The participants completed a questionnaire comprising a few questions related to socio-demographic variables, the Athletes Mindfulness Questionnaire (AMQ), and the Athletes Performance Decrement Questionnaire (APDQ) at time 1 and time 2 (4–7 months after time 1). The results of a cross-lagged effects model revealed that AMQ score at time 1 was positively associated with AMQ score at time 2 and negatively associated with APDQ score at time 2. However, APDQ score at time 1 was positively associated only with APDQ score, but not AMQ score, at time 2. This study’s results indicated that athletes’ mindfulness is unidirectionally associated with decrements in performance. This implies that increasing mindfulness may be an effective method for preventing impairments in athletic performance arising from psychological factors.