著者

中谷 奈美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.14074, (Released:2015-11-10)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

4

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This study aimed to compare maltreating mothers and non-maltreating mothers on attributions and affects related to child behaviors. It also assessed how attributions predict affective and behavioral reactions to child behaviors. The study population comprised of a community-based sample of mothers with children aged 2 to 4 years (n = 238). Mothers’ attributions and affect were assessed using vignettes of child behavior. They also answered questions about their maltreating parenting behaviors and demographic factors such as childcare environments. Results highlighted that, as compared with non-maltreating mothers, maltreating mothers made more intentional and stable attributions to negative child behavior, and to report more anger and aversion. They also had a tendency to report less happiness toward positive child behavior. Additionally, path analyses documented a pattern of thinking-feeling-action linkages. It was revealed that attributions regarding children’s behavior influenced negative affect and that negative affect in turn predicted maltreatment. Finally, the usefulness of a cognitive approach to maltreating mothers, and the implications of the findings as a model for intervention are discussed.

著者

生和 秀敏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.152-164, 1971-08-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

著者

元吉 忠寛 高尾 堅司 池田 三郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.1, pp.72-77, 2004-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

10 15

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This study examined the determinants of willingness to participate in a community-based disaster preparedness scheme. The theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1977, 1980; Fishbein & AJzen, 1975) was applied as a basic model and was complemented by the factor of concern about disaster. A structural equation modeling was performed to validate this model. The hypothetical model was supported for the data from the residents (N=3036) of an area with a high risk of flood damage. It was clarified that the subjective norm and concern about flood positively contributed to the intention of participating in a community-based disaster preparedness scheme. The perceived cost of preparedness was the inhibitory factor of participating in such a scheme.

著者

若林 明雄 内山 登起夫 東條 吉邦 吉田 友子 黒田 美保 バロン-コーエン サイモン ウィールライト サリー

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.6, pp.534-540, 2007-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

6 15

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The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) children's version has confirmed reliability and validity in the UK. In the current study, the children's AQ was administered in Japan to investigate whether the UK results are found in a very different culture. Two groups of children from primary and secondary schools were assessed: Group 1 (n=81) children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD, including Asperger Syndrome and high-functioning autism); Group 2 (n=372) randomly selected controls, age-matched with Group 1. The children with ASD had a mean AQ score of 31.9 (SD=6.69), which was significantly higher than controls (mean AQ=11.7, SD=5.94). Males scored significantly higher than females in the control group, but not in the ASD group. The pattern of difference between the Japanese clinical group and the control group was remarkably similar to the findings in the UK.

著者

内田 遼介 釘原 直樹 東 亜弓 土屋 裕睦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.219-229, 2017-08-25 (Released:2017-08-25)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2

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Previous studies have revealed that past experience shared by the members of a group can uniformly increase or decrease the collective efficacy. However, it remains unknown how appraisal formation processes occur within an athletic team in which each member of varying ability appraises collective efficacy from the perspective of shared past experience. The purpose of this study was to examine the processes related to appraisal of collective efficacy in terms of the task-related abilities of individual members. The participants, 75 healthy males, were assigned to triads. The triads were instructed to cover a combined distance of 2,000 m as quickly as possible on a bicycle. The comparative task-related abilities of the participants were manipulated through false feedback before the task. The results revealed that participants with superior condition only appraised collective efficacy based on their own potential contribution, and that collective efficacy was associated with individual effort during the task. These results could be interpreted in the light of instrumentality, which is an element of the Collective Effort Model (Karau & Williams, 1993, 2001).

著者

久保 恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.6, pp.477-484, 2000-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study was to assess individual differences in attachment representation. They were assessed, not through direct verbal reports, but indirectly as indicated in a projective test. The test required subjects to tell their impressions of pictures, which depicted daily, routine parent-child interactions. A series of pictures were developed for story-making task, which was named PARS (Picture Attachment Related Study). Three hundred and two (302) undergraduate and vocational students were asked to see the pictures, and freely imagine the situation, think what they would feel, and create the further story. They were then to recall their own experiences with their parents, and fill out a questionnaire of how they see their relationship with others. It was found that those who made a trustful PARS story recalled their own attachment experiences in an autonomous way, and had lower distrust in their relationship with others. Thus, results of the projective test were shown to reflect individual personal attachment experiences, and the test be useful.

著者

野波 寛 加藤 潤三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.1, pp.25-32, 2009 (Released:2012-02-14)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2 2

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This study classified environmentally-conscious behaviors of residents (n=335) along Lake Biwa as a common goods into personal and group behavioral intentions, and examined the determinants of these intentions. Identification with the community was a social identity, and differed from attachment to Lake Biwa, which was defined as topophilia. The results indicated that group behavior was affected by topophilia, while personal behavior was influenced by general attitudes about the environmental problems of the lake and evaluations of the cost for the behavior. Community identity had a significant effect on both personal and group behavior. Rational or emotional decision making processes resulted in two different types of environmentally-conscious behaviors.

著者

赤田 太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.2, pp.158-166, 2010 (Released:2010-09-09)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

3 6

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This study describes the development and evaluation of the Nursery Teacher's Stress Scale (NTSS), which explores the relation between daily hassles at work and work-related stress. In Analysis 1, 29 items were chosen to construct the NTSS. Six factors were identified: I. Stress relating to child care; II. Stress from human relations at work; III. Stress from staff-parent relations; IV. Stress from lack of time; V. Stress relating to compensation; and VI. Stress from the difference between individual beliefs and school policy. All these factors had high degrees of internal consistency. In Analysis 2, the concurrent validity of the NTSS was examined. The results showed that the NTSS total scores were significantly correlated with the Job Stress Scale-Revised Version (job stressor scale, r=.68), the Pre-school Teacher-efficacy Scale (r=-.21), and the WHO-five Well-Being Index Japanese Version (r=-.40). Work stresses are affected by several daily hassles at work. The NTSS has acceptable reliability and validity, and can be used to improve nursery teacher's mental health.

著者

牧野 巽

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.6, pp.831-860, 1928 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

45

著者

渡部 麻美 松井 豊 高塚 雄介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.5, pp.478-484, 2010 (Released:2011-04-20)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

6 8

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This study examined the determinants of social withdrawal using data from a survey by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Office for Youth Affairs and Public Safety (2008). In addition, this study identified young people who showed an affinity for social withdrawal although they were not in a state of withdrawal, and examined the determinants of an affinity for social withdrawal. The results of stepwise discriminant analysis showed that factors such as social phobia, depression, violence, and emotional bonds with family differentiated between the general youth group and the social withdrawal group and the “affinity group”. Social phobia, violence, and refusal to be interfered in self-decision making differentiated between the social withdrawal group and the “affinity group”. This study shows that an “affinity group” should be cared as well as an actual withdrawal group.

著者

後藤 崇志 川口 秀樹 野々宮 英二 市村 賢士郎 楠見 孝 子安 増生

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.197-202, 2017-06

著者

本間 優子 内山 伊知郎

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.184-190, 2017-06

著者

梅垣 佑介

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.191-196, 2017-06

著者

鎌田 雅史 西山 久子 迫田 裕子

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.177-183, 2017-06

著者

遠藤 志乃 中谷 素之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.170-176, 2017

被引用文献数

4

---

<p>This study examined the relationships between motivational regulation strategies, goal achievements, and learning habits in junior high school students. A total of 288 junior high school students completed a self-administered questionnaire. We focused on the students' representative motivational regulation styles, i.e., intrinsic vs extrinsic motivational regulation. Structural equation modeling revealed the following: (a) mastery goals promoted an intrinsic regulation strategy, which in turn, facilitated development of beneficial learning habits; (b) performance-approach goals promoted an extrinsic regulation strategy, which by contrast inhibited the development of beneficial learning habits. These results suggest that goal achievement positively affects learning behavior mediated by motivational regulation strategies. In light of these findings, we discuss the importance of intrinsic regulation strategies in promoting beneficial learning habits in junior high school students.</p>

著者

森下 正康

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.145-152, 1979

被引用文献数

1

---

A hypothesis was tested that an affectionate bond with parents (parental affiliation) makes a child to take in the attitude and behavioral pattern of the parents (anaclitic identification). Eighty-five female students in a college and their parents were asked to answer a questionnair on value judgement, personality, and parental affiliation. The children had value system and personality similar to those of their parents as they perceived, rather than the actual parents themselves. There was a correlation between the degree of resemblance (between a child and the parents) and the degree of parental affiliation, partly supporting the hypothesis.

著者

藤澤 〓

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.55-72, 1938

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I<BR>Boundary phenomena, according to the writer's terminology, are the events arising out of the boundary between neighbouring regions in the life space, and social boundary-phenomena are those occurring between regions differentiated by social non-homogeneity.<BR>Everyone in Formosa, belonging either to the ruling group or to the ruled groups racially different, has these two kinds of group psychologically as neigh-bouring regions in his life space; social boundary-phenomena often develop between these two regions, where the individual opinions about the function of another group come to exist. Thus, social boundary-phenomena in such areas play an important role in the social order, and their nature must be inquired into more closely by psychological and other means. The writer of this paper is of the opinion that it is profitable to develop the topological and dynamic mode of thought in dealing with these social boundary-phenomena. The present paper is a first attempt in this direction.<BR>II<BR>Among the aborigines of Formosa (Takasago race), there are two tribes: the Atayal and the Saisiat living as neighbours in the north, as the map in the Japanese text shows. Between them, there occurred frequent struggles for power since olden times, and on the whole, so far as their history is concerned, the Atayal are strong and large, the Saisiat weak and small. (In their prehistoric period, the Saisiat were very likely a big tribe, according to the survey, of the Institute of Ethnology of our University.) The Saisiat were not only attacked by the Atayal, but were also pressed by the Formosan-Chinese from the plains, and thus they were deprived of power on both sides.<BR>On the last day of 1936, the Atayal had a population of 12,690 while the Saisiat had only 1,483 in the Sintiku Province where the writer made the following experiment. (Adding up the figures for other provinces, the Atayal: had a total of 36,128 as against the Saisiat: 1,486.)<BR>III<BR>According to observations of the character of these two tribes made by Japanese writers many years ago, the most remarkable difference between them:-<BR>Atayal: "Intrepid by nature, ashamed of cowardice; cowardly conduct before the enemy being despised in this society."<BR>Saisiat: "In bravery inferior to the Atayal, possibly on account of their small population and of the pressure exercised on them by stronger enemies since olden times. The distinguishing quality of the able-bodied-man in this tribe is fleet-ness of foot. This is, of course, necessary for attack, but as far as this tribe is concerned, it is esteemed valuable to escape when a battle is lost......"<BR>Interpreted according to the present writer's terminology, the writers found their difference in character to consist in the way they developed the social boundary-phenomena between them and their enemies, i. e. the difference lies in their dynamic properties in account with the topology of their behavioural field, in short in their behaviour-direction.<BR>IV<BR>The writer has made the 'flower-experiment' after Dembo with male adult subjects of the two tribes: the subject is required to take from a table about one meter high, a flower with his hand, not putting his foot out of a square frame of bamboo laid on the floor about 1 and 1/5 ineter, away from the table. The number of the subjects were Atayal: 16, Saisiat: 19.<BR>The most noticeable result of this experiment is that the difference in the behaviour-direction between the two tribes was found in the experimental field of the problem as set by the experimenter, i. e. manner in which they deal with the boundary (with resistance) between them and their aim, and the nature of the boundary-phenomena is not the same in the two tribes.

著者

小田 亮 大 めぐみ 丹羽 雄輝 五百部 裕 清成 透子 武田 美亜 平石 界

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1, pp.28-36, 2013 (Released:2013-07-01)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

11 28

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This study describes the development and evaluation of the Self-Report Altruism Scale Distinguished by the Recipient (SRAS-DR). The relationship between an actor and a recipient is important for evolutionary studies of altruistic behavior. However, the existing scale for Japanese undergraduates does not distinguish recipients of altruistic behaviors. We developed a new self-report altruism scale based on an evolutionary viewpoint. In Study 1, undergraduate students described their altruistic behaviors in daily life, which we classified according to the recipients (family members, friends or acquaintances and strangers). Then we chose 21 items (7 items for each recipient class) to construct the SRAS-DR by using exploratory factor analyses. In Study 2, we investigated validity and reliability of the scale. The scores were significantly correlated with other relevant scales as well as with behavioral indicators. Test-retest reliability was high. These results indicate that the SRAS-DR has acceptable reliability and validity, and can be used in evolutionary studies of human altruism.

著者

福岡 欣治 橋本 宰

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.5, pp.403-409, 1997-12-26 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

12 12

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This study investigated perceived social support, emotional as well as instrumental, from family members and friends, and examined their stress-buffering effects on depression in college students and middle-aged adults in Japan. For both samples, family members were relatively more important sources of instrumental support, whereas friends were primarily perceived as emotional support providers. No gender differences were found for the middle-aged adults, but as in previous studies, women in the college sample perceived more support for them than men. A series of hierarchical regression analyses with support by stress interaction terms revealed distinctive patterns of support effects on depression for men and women of each sample. Characteristics of perceived social support in each sample were described, and overall results suggested that it is essential in social support research to take the meanings of supportive relationship into consideration, in the context of social and developmental factors of the samples under study.

著者

松永 美希 中村 菜々子 三浦 正江 原田 ゆきの

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.15223, (Released:2017-05-10)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

4

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“Reality shock” is defined as the discrepancy between an individual’s expectations established prior to joining to an organization and their perceptions after becoming a member of the organization. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure factors leading to reality shock in first-year teachers, and to confirm its reliability and validity. A scale was developed based on factors leading to realty shock, and a survey was conducted on 219 first-year teachers (90 men, 129 women, mean age 25.18 years). Structure analysis based on factor analysis revealed that this scale consisted of four factors; “inter-personal relations in the workplace”, “lack of experience”, “relationship with students or parents”, and “pressure at work”. Given that high scores of the scale were associated with negative changes in perceptions of work, we showed that the scale was concurrently valid. Multiple regression analysis showed that realty shock significantly influenced stress responses, and that it had particular positive effects on anxiety and depression. Future studies will need to elucidate factors that buffer the effects of reality shock, and develop interventions to prevent worsening mental health in first-year teachers.