著者

大渕 憲一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.119-129, 1991-02-20 (Released:2016-11-30)

被引用文献数

2

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The present paper reviewed empirical research on the effects of violent pornography on male audience. Some laborabory research found that violent pornography depicting rape scenes increased male subjects' aggression against female targets, even when they were not angered by the victims. In other studies, the male audience of violent pornography showed more rape-supportive attitudes, that is, they perceived rape as less criminal and accepted more rape myths. These findings implied that it may increase rape proclivity in males. Rapists displayed more sexual arousal than non-rapists to rape scenes in several experiments, but some researchers held the assumption that the non-rapists were also aroused by rape scene but they inhibited their arousal because of a feeling of guilt. The majority of normal men really showed some similarities to rapists in cognitions or beliefs on women's sexuality and rape. In conclusion, it was alleged that sexual aggression is not a personal pathological problem but a socio-cultural issue which has much bearing on male dominant value system.

著者

池内 裕美

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.86-98, 2014-11-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

5

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In this study, hoarding tendencies were defined as the trait through which many possessions were accumulated and could not be discarded because of their subjective meaning. Two internet surveys were conducted. In Study 1, a hoarding tendency scale for non-clinical individuals was developed, with questionnaires sent to 410 participants. In Study 2, animistic thinking was taken up as one of the determinants of hoarding, and the relationship between animistic thinking and hoarding tendencies was investigated. Two hundred and thirty-four participants were asked to complete a questionnaire. The main findings were as follows: (1) The results of factor analysis indicated that the hoarding tendency scale consisted of six factors (28 items), such as “having too many things” and “avoidance of discarding things.” These subscales indicated the common and particular attitudes of hoarders toward their possessions. (2) The hoarding tendency significantly correlated with compulsive buying. This result indicated that the hoarding tendency scale demonstrated sufficient criterion-related validity. (3) Animistic thinking, especially “part of the possessor” and “the anthropomorphication of possessions,” had a significant effect on hoarding tendencies.

著者

志水 裕美 清水 裕士 紀ノ定 保礼

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.76-87, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

25

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This study examined the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and anger expression in public situations. Specific studies have indicated that people with low SES tend to be aggressive. However, Park et al.(2013) demonstrated that in Japan, where there are strong norms favoring the control of emotional expression, people with high SES tend to express their anger. In this study, we assumed that psychological entitlement would engage their anger expression. We then hypothesized that psychological entitlement mediates relationships between SES and anger expression in public situations because highly entitled people might justify their anger and its expression. The results of Study 1 (n=599) supported this hypothesis. Furthermore, the results of Study 2 (n=598) indicated that people with high SES tended to evaluate their anger expression as justifiable due to high psychological entitlement, even though their opponents were blamless. We discussed the possibility that anger expression is promoted not only by a lack of self-control but also by justification for the anger.

著者

柏原 宗一郎 清水 裕士

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.101-108, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-04-01)

参考文献数

23

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This study examined whether individual differences in Belief in a Zero-Sum Game (BZSG; Różycka-Tran et al., 2015) predicted anti-immigrant attitudes. Esses et al. (1998) indicated that Zero-Sum Beliefs about allocating resources between a host country’s citizens and immigrants predict anti-immigrant attitudes. However, why individual differences in Zero-Sum Beliefs appear and predict anti-immigrant attitudes has not been examined. Two studies demonstrated that the BZSG Scale, which assesses the individual difference in the perception of general resource distribution, predicts anti-immigrant attitudes. This result suggests that perceiving intergroup situations as competitive influences anti-immigrant attitudes.

著者

小塩 真司

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.85, 2019-11-30 (Released:2019-11-30)

著者

小森 めぐみ

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.149-155, 2018-03-25 (Released:2018-03-25)

参考文献数

18

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This study attempted to replicate Kamise, Hori, and Okamoto’s (2010) survey on perceived occupational stigma among Japanese workers by conducting a survey with employees in a host club—a male cabaret club—in the Kansai region, Japan, to investigate their perceived occupational stigma, coping strategies, occupational self-esteem, and egalitarian sex-role attitudes. The results showed that host-club employees perceived extreme occupational stigma, where novices, part-time workers, and those with fewer work assignments showed higher levels of perceived stigma. Regarding coping strategies, attribution of discrimination and disengagement were used frequently, while valuing and group identification were used only rarely. Structural equation modeling showed that group identification positively enhanced occupational self-esteem. However, contrary to previous research, individuals who perceived more stereotyping rarely used group identification. Stigma awareness facilitated attribution of discrimination, resulting in lowered occupational self-esteem, and egalitarian sex-role attitude significantly influenced valuing and attribution of discrimination.

著者

稲増 一憲 清水 裕士 三浦 麻子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.11-18, 2019-07-31 (Released:2019-08-15)

参考文献数

27

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This research introduces a method to compare the responses to rating scales with different rating labels by examining the effects of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake on trust in public institutions. Although both the World Values Survey and the Asian Barometer Survey, conducted before and after the earthquake, included questions about trust in the Self-Defense Force, the police, the courts, the media, political parties, and parliament, their rating labels were different for each survey. Therefore, this research used Bayesian statistical modeling to remove the influence of the label differences and examined the changes in trust before and after the earthquake. The results demonstrate that while trust in the Self-Defense Force increased, trust in the courts, the media, political parties, and parliament decreased. The correction of social survey data using statistical modeling, as demonstrated in this research, is effective in examining the influence of earthquake disasters and for verifying the short-term or long-term social changes.

著者

三浦 麻子 小林 哲郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.120-127, 2015-11-30 (Released:2015-12-17)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

21

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In this article, monitor attitudes during online surveys were empirically examined, focusing in particular on satisficing (when survey participants do not fully engage their efforts). At first, the extent to which the satisficing tendency was dependent on personal traits was examined. We observed participants’ behavior in an online survey setting that required them to view video stimulus material consisting of news footage, and measured the length of time each participant spent viewing the footage. The results revealed that respondents who had satisficed (half-heartedly read) the scale items in a prior study (Miura & Kobayashi, 2015) were much more likely to satisfice the video footage. Then, agenda-setting and media-priming effects were used to examine the impact of satisficing during online surveys (including experimental manipulation) on empirical findings. Both examinations indicated the strong possibility that data pertaining to participants who satisficed could serve to distort empirical findings.

著者

古橋 健悟 五十嵐 祐

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.39-48, 2020-11-30 (Released:2020-11-30)

参考文献数

36

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Repeated help-seeking from the same helper produces gradually stronger hesitation. Therefore, switching helpers in one’s social network could be an effective strategy. We conducted an online experiment to examine whether people feel less stressed if they switch helpers in a repeated help-seeking situation. After reading a vignette about a stressful situation (depression or unemployment), participants judged the level of stress and chose a helper in their social network. Participants then received feedback that the situation had not improved even after help had been given and repeated the choice five times. The results showed that participants perceived lower stress in both depression and unemployment situations if they sought help from a greater number of helpers after controlling for social network size and diversity of helpers. The effectiveness of switching helpers and its mechanisms are discussed.

著者

向田 久美子 坂元 章 村田 光二 高木 栄作

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.159-169, 2001

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A panel study of 543 Japanese college students was conducted before and after the Atlanta Olympics in 1996 to explore the impact of the Olympics on the images of foreign countries. In general, the images of 17 countries including Japan have changed favorably after the Olympics. The more they have exposed themselves to Olympic reports on the media, the more they have changed the images. Individual differences had a small, but negative effect. For example, those who were not satisfied with the result of the Olympics tended to change the images unfavorably. Though the perception of similarity between Japan and each country has also increased through the Olympics, the correlation of the index of positive image and the perception of similarity was not high. It suggested that the images of foreign countries and the perception of similarity could have changed through respective processes.

著者

三船 恒裕

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.59, 2023-03-31 (Released:2023-03-31)

著者

森永 康子 福留 広大 平川 真

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.109-115, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-04-01)

参考文献数

29

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Despite a large gender gap, life satisfaction among women has been nearly equal to or even higher than that among men in Japan. We investigated the relationship between life satisfaction and system justification using two existing datasets and two preregistered surveys administered to Japanese adults (total N=2,833), employing two scales—system justification for gender disparity in annual personal income (Existing dataset 1 and Survey 1) and gender system justification (Existing dataset 2 and Survey 2). In line with previous research, we found that life satisfaction among women was nearly equal to (Existing datasets 1 and 2 and Survey 1) and significantly higher than (Survey 2) that among men. Contrary to our prediction, women were less likely to endorse system justification than men across four datasets. However, as expected, we found a palliative function of system justification among women across four datasets—women who strongly justified the existing system displayed higher life satisfaction than women who weakly justified it.

著者

藤 桂 吉田 富二雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.121-132, 2009

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The relationship of Internet behavior to sociability and aggression in real life was investigated in a web-based survey. Weblog users (n=395) and online-game users (n=206) were asked to respond to questionnaires that included their behavior on the Internet, as well as to scales that measured real-life sociability, aggression, and social isolation. Results indicated that Self-reflection on weblogs and Feeling of Belonging during online-games related to enhancement of sociability. By contrast, Internet behavior such as flaming, as well as immersive and addictive use, related to decrease of sociability and increase of aggression regardless of the type of application that was used. These findings suggest that the effects of weblogs and online-games use depend on the type of behavior, as well as the types of application, that are used. It is also suggested that social isolation in real life decreased sociability through immersive and addictive use, and increased aggression through flaming.

著者

大坪 庸介

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.191-212, 2015-03-20 (Released:2015-06-07)

参考文献数

126

被引用文献数

2

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This article attempts to obtain a better understanding of human reconciliation processes by integrating the social psychological perspective with an evolutionary perspective. The evolutionary literature on reconciliation suggests that benefits accruing from one’s association with a partner (relationship value) and uncertainty about the partner’s intention (intentional ambiguity) are two crucial determinants of reconciliation processes. Empirical evidence confirms the importance of these two factors. First, research on forgiveness from the victim’s perspective showed that relationship value increases forgiveness, whereas intentional ambiguity (i.e., whether the perpetrator intends to exploit the victim again) decreases forgiveness. Second, research on apology perception from the victim’s perspective showed that costly apologies, as compared to no-cost apologies, reduce intentional ambiguity and thereby effectively convince the victim of the perpetrator’s benign intent. Third, research on apology-making from the perpetrator’s perspective revealed that relationship value and intentional ambiguity (i.e., whether the victim intends to continue/terminate the relationship) increases the probability of costly apology-making. These three lines of research provide support for evolutionary hypotheses about human reconciliation processes.

著者

大渕 憲一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.119-129, 1991

被引用文献数

4 3

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The present paper reviewed empirical research on the effects of violent pornography on male audience. Some laborabory research found that violent pornography depicting rape scenes increased male subjects' aggression against female targets, even when they were not angered by the victims. In other studies, the male audience of violent pornography showed more rape-supportive attitudes, that is, they perceived rape as less criminal and accepted more rape myths. These findings implied that it may increase rape proclivity in males. Rapists displayed more sexual arousal than non-rapists to rape scenes in several experiments, but some researchers held the assumption that the non-rapists were also aroused by rape scene but they inhibited their arousal because of a feeling of guilt. The majority of normal men really showed some similarities to rapists in cognitions or beliefs on women's sexuality and rape. In conclusion, it was alleged that sexual aggression is not a personal pathological problem but a socio-cultural issue which has much bearing on male dominant value system.

著者

小林 哲郎 池田 謙一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.82-94, 2007

被引用文献数

2

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The effect of mobile phone e-mailing on young people's social tolerance was investigated by analyzing survey data of high school students in Japan. The results show that mobile phone e-mailing had a positive promoting effect on the homogeneity and a negative effect on the heterogeneity of personal networks. This in turn had a negative effect on social tolerance toward others. Mobile phone e-mailing enables students to select homogeneous others as companions of communication and thus brings a bias of homogeneity into their personal networks. This homogeneity bias in turn had a negative effect on the development of social tolerance in the socialization process by reducing the chance of interaction with heterogeneous others.

著者

平石 界

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.60, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-08-01)

著者

三船 恒裕 山岸 俊男

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.128-134, 2015-11-30 (Released:2015-12-17)

参考文献数

28

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We tested the reputation maintenance hypothesis of ingroup favoritism. Ninety-two non-student participants played one-shot prisoner’s dilemma games with an ingroup and an outgroup partner with minimal groups, and showed ingroup favoritism only when the participant and his/her partner knew each other’s group membership (common knowledge condition). The ingroup favoritism observed in the common knowledge condition positively correlated with fear of negative evaluation. These results provide support for the reputation maintenance hypothesis.

著者

石黒 格

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.11-20, 2013

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Traditionally, research in social psychology has focused on the mean values of target variables. In most cases, this is simply because the mean value is the target of most statistical methods and often does not reflect the theoretical basis. Consequently, this has narrowed the perspective of researchers and possibly caused misunderstandings of social phenomena. In this study, we introduce quantile regression to solve this problem, which predicts the pth percentile of a target variable for any value of p. As an example, we theoretically predicted that the effect of extraversion on personal network size is different among the right (upper) and left (lower) parts of the distribution and tested this prediction using quantile regression. The result showed that extraversion positively correlates with the 70th-90th percentile of personal network size to a greater extent than that of the 30th-10th percentile. This result indicates that the distribution of personal network size not only moves toward the right but also becomes right-skewed as extraversion increases.

著者

横田 晋大 中西 大輔

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.75-82, 2012

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Previous research has shown that ingroup cooperation tends to flourish in intergroup conflict situations. However, the free-rider problem remains unsolved, even in intergroup conflict situations. In this study, based on multi-group selection theory and cultural-group selection theory, we hypothesized that conformity (frequency-dependent behavior) may contribute to enhancing ingroup cooperation. The results of an evolutionary simulation revealed that ingroup cooperation and conformity can evolve in situations of intergroup conflict. When such conflict is mild, agents who cooperate with ingroup members and adjust their behavior to ingroup cooperation rates facilitate cooperation in their own group. However, no effect of conformity on ingroup cooperation was observed during intense intergroup conflict, even though conformity continued to evolve. We discuss the implications of these results and suggest avenues for future research.