著者

田中 茂範

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.28-31, 2005 (Released:2009-10-16)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

著者

谷 淳

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.222-230, 2021-06-01 (Released:2021-06-15)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

---

Ikegami considers that cognitive systems are constantly exposed to excess observational data, from which it acquires the subtractive representations rather than the contractions that deep learning aims for. Furthermore, he argues that a glimpse of life as the basic principle of cognition can be seen in the moment when the contraction collapses. The current commentary discusses these points by making possible correspondences to the cognitive robotics studies conducted by the author and his colleagues.

著者

川合 伸幸

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.155-160, 2007 (Released:2008-12-15)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2

---

「ミラーニューロン」の発見から10年が経過した.その間,「模倣」の重要性の再認識とともに,心理学の諸領域(発達,比較認知)や神経科学のみならず,工学(ロボティックス,人工知能),言語学などにも大きな影響を与え,「ミラーニューロン」という言葉が一人歩きしている感さえある.「ミラーニューロン」が模倣に関連していることは広く知られているが,実はかならずしも正確に理解されていないように思われる.たとえば,ミラーニューロンはサルで見つかったが,サルは決して模倣をしない.チンパンジーの模倣でさえ非常に限定的である.サルのミラーニューロンは,模倣にどのように関わり,何をしているのだろうか? そこで,ミラーニューロンを発見した著者の1人がそれ以降の研究をまとめ展望を述べた論文を紹介し,ミラーシステムとはどのようなものであるのかを確認する.結論をいえば,ミラーシステムは模倣に関わっているが,その一義的な働きは,他者の「行為を理解」することである.著者らは,模倣はコミュニケーションや学習メカニズムの一部としてのみ必要とされると考えている.ここでは読みやすくするために,図を補いオリジナルの論文とは多少異なる説の分け方をした.2番目の論文は,サルはこれまでのレパートリーにない新たな行動が要求されるいわゆる運動模倣をしないが,認知的なルールをコピーする認知模倣は可能であることを示している.模倣には,「行為レベルの模倣」と「プログラムレベルの模倣」があり,この論文では,サルはプログラムレベルの模倣が可能であることを示している.3番目の論文は,行為が行われた状況ではそれらのどちらのレベルの模倣が合理的であるか,という推論を14ヶ月齢の赤ちゃんが行うことを示している.つまり,大人のモデルが行った目的指向的な行動が,その目的を達成するための合理性があるかを推論し,そう判断される場合には同じやり方の行為で模倣するが,そうでなければ(すでに行動レパートリーになっている)より簡単なやり方の模倣で目的を達成することを示している.これらの論文を,図などを補足しつつ簡単に紹介したい.

著者

有元 典文

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.213-215, 2015-03-01 (Released:2015-09-15)

著者

米田 英嗣 布山 美慕

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.74-80, 2023-03-01 (Released:2023-03-15)

参考文献数

35

著者

中山 友瑛 片山 正純

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.567-579, 2020-12-01 (Released:2020-12-15)

参考文献数

23

---

In this paper, by classifying a morphological similarity between the human hand and a virtual/man-made hand into structural and appearance similarities, we investigated sense of body consciousness and visual body-part localization for the virtual hands of point-lights and skeleton displays for which structural similarity was high but the appearance similarity was extremely low. In the first experiment, questionnaire ratings of the senses of agency for both displays were high in training of a finger movement task. Because each of the senses of body ownership was evaluated as a bimodal distribution, participants were classified into higher and lower groups. The senses of both of the lower groups were significantly low. The senses of the higher group for the skeleton display were significantly high for the training. For the point-lights display, although the senses of the lower group were relatively low at the beginning of the training, the senses increased to the same rating as those for the skeleton display through the training. In the second experiment, the fingertip positions of each display were shifted to the left by 15 cm. Although the senses of agency were significantly high for both displays, the senses of body ownership of both were significantly low. The drift of the visual body-part localization rose and the proprioceptive drift was also observed after the training. Thus, these results indicate that a sense of body ownership occurs even for a point-lights display, and moreover, the drifts rise even when the sense is not felt.

著者

岡部 大介

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.459-461, 2002-09-01 (Released:2008-10-03)

参考文献数

1

著者

宮代 こずゑ 原田 悦子

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.118-134, 2016-06-01 (Released:2016-12-01)

参考文献数

50

---

To demonstrate the effects of harmonization between a word’s semantics and its typographies on human language word processing, we conducted a series of priming ex-periments using a word-fragment completion task. In the learning phase of experiment 1, words were presented visually as typography was manipulated to be either har-monized or anti-harmonized with a word’s semantics. The results indicated that the visual processing of a word was facilitated when the semantics of the word were harmo-nized with its typographies, compared with instances where they were anti-harmonized,which was observed as a result of decreased phonetic priming. In experiment 2, it was demonstrated that priming was decreased by harmonized typographies, but this decline was canceled by presented speech sounds compared with the results of experiment 1 although neutral speech sound recordings of words were presented with letters visually presented as words. In experiment 3, the harmonization was manipulated using not only letters but also speech sounds that were manipulated to be harmonized or anti-harmonized. The results showed that the processing of letters was interfered with by those harmonized speech sounds. These results imply that greater processing resources were used for the sensory modality that was manipulated its harmonization.

著者

川合 伸幸

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.3-9, 2013-03-01 (Released:2014-11-20)

参考文献数

27

著者

大野 健彦

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.565-579, 2002-12-01 (Released:2008-10-03)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

21

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Eye movement analysis has been used to understand human higher cognitive processes for over a century. It permits observation of a person's activities in detail without disturbing his or her behavior. This tutorial first discusses eye movement analysis topics, including the definition of gaze, various eye movement detection methods, eye movement analysis methods. Next, it introduces cognitive research on the analysis of eye movement for observing cognitive activities. Finally, it describes gaze based interactive systems as the application of eye movement analysis.

著者

眞嶋 良全 本田 秀仁

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.335-342, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-09-15)

参考文献数

30

著者

塩瀬 隆之 岡田 美智男 椹木 哲夫 片井 修

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.66-76, 1999-03-01 (Released:2008-10-03)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

---

According to a study of Situated Cognition, learning for individuals is not valid until they join into practice and acquire their own roles under the social environment. We call such a capability “sociality”, a capability of finding its own role or niche in the social environment through interactions with their restricted neighbors. Our main purpose in this paper is to clarify an emergent mechanism of such “sociality” from the viewpoint of a multiagent study. In this paper, we emphasize that the emergence of “sociality” seems to depend on the dual capabilities of an individual's referencing; self-referential and social-referential abilities. In addition, we present a learning model of an agent having such dual capabilities as a Bi-Referential Model, in which each referencing capability is implemented by an evolutionary computation method of classifier system. Finally we present simulation results obtained by the proposed Bi-Referential Model and discuss the relation between the emergent process of “sociality” and the changes of resources that are commonly available to the agents.

著者

齋藤 洋典

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.336-350, 2021-09-01 (Released:2021-09-15)

参考文献数

26

著者

布山 美慕 日髙 昇平

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.188-199, 2018-06-01 (Released:2018-12-01)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

4

---

We can imagine anything — not just an object at our hand, but also something we have never seen in our life, such as a dragon, number, heaven, and so on. In this article, we discuss a potential methodology to characterize such imagination as a conscious process, which we cannot sufficiently associate to the corresponding external stimuli. As one of such conscious processes, here we take reading of text, in which the reader construct a rich imaginary world along the storyline from looking at a quite limited visual stimulus, namely just a series of letters on a text. In particular, in the state of absorption, the reader often feels oneself into the imaginary world as a character. By reviewing past research on the absorption in reading, we propose a hypothesis, in which both conscious process itself and something in the conscious experience are objects, that is defined by the consistency between its intention and extension (inductive and deductive way of definition). In this hypothesis, difference between absorption and non-absorption is considered analogously as difference in the point of view of an object in consciousness. On the basis of the prediction of this hypothesis, we discuss empirical tests on our hypothesis.

著者

奥野 真之

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.4, pp.649-658, 2015-12-01 (Released:2016-06-01)

参考文献数

17

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A motion picture is comprised of multiple shots, and filmmakers have developed techniques for projecting smooth and continuous transitions of shots. One of these techniques is known as a matching-action cut in which a cut occurs in the middle of an event and successive shots are spliced. The present study consists of an experi-mental survey that assesses editing methods for making a seamless match-action cut. Participants viewed short movie clips of various events, with varying camera angles,with different timing of cuts, and with time-sequence manipulation of shot transition (straight-match, ellipsis, overlapping). Movie clips were presented in pairs and partici-pants determined which of each pair set of clips appeared continuous. Based on those decisions, psychological scaling was conducted taking effect of time-sequence manipula-tion into consideration. However, from the analysis, a general preference for a specific manipulation was not confirmed.

著者

金山 範明 大隅 尚広 大平 英樹 飯高 哲也 開 一夫

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.50-63, 2011 (Released:2011-09-07)

参考文献数

31

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Intact face perception is an important function for individual identification in highly socialized human community. Recent studies revealed that there are hereditary individual differences on the cognitive skills related to face identification, named congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia. The investigation on the congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia would advance our understanding of the face identification mechanism, however, has not been conducted with Japanese samples. The development of the Japanese version of the congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia screening scale is the first step of the congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia study in Japan. In this study, we attempted the translation of the original screening scale into Japanese, and also investigated the relationship between the score of scale and behavioral⁄physiological responses on face stimuli. As a result, we found highly internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the Japanese version of the congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia screening scale. Also we have revealed the score was related to some behavioral performances and ERP responses related to the self-face perception.

著者

武居 渡

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.289-301, 2008 (Released:2009-11-20)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

---

Many linguistic studies reveal that sign language is a fully-grammaticized language, not a pantomimic communication system. This paper reviews the results of investigation for sign language acquisition and examines how sign language studies contribute towards explaining the human capacity for language and the limits of language learning. First, the human capacity of language creation was discussed by reviewing the researches of deaf people with no or inconsistent language input. Second, this paper discussed whether the late language acquisition affects the ability to produce and comprehend a number of syntactic and morphological structures, by assessing sign language abilities of Deaf people who has various language environments. The results showed that the outcome of the sign language was sensitive not about the timing to expose to sign language learning but about the timing of the first language acquisition. Finally, sign language acquisition process in Deaf children was compared to spoken language acquisition process in hearing children. Language modality plays a very minor role in how children acquire language because the developmental course of language is very similar in two modalities. The above teaches us about the nature of human language and cognition.

著者

中村 雅子 上野 直樹

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.4, pp.627-643, 2008 (Released:2010-04-23)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, authors participated in the process of re-designing an information system for civil activities. From viewpoint of Actor Network Theory, they mainly pointed out two findings. Firstly, designing an information system inevitably includes (re-)designing related social organization and activity itself. Therefore the requirement engineering approach has its limitations, for it implicitly assumes that activities and social organization are out there independently from information systems, user requirements already exist, and they can be obtained out with various methods. Secondly, the subject of the information system design should not be regarded as an isolated individual or a team. It is a fluid network including artifacts and people with various interests. Moreover, these actors sometimes participate in, and withdraw from, the project. A new approach, the network-oriented approach, is required to make a useful information system, which will not cause serious breakdown.

著者

石黒 千晶 岡田 猛

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.90-111, 2013-03-01 (Released:2014-11-20)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

4

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The creation of a work of art is indicated to result from expressive awareness,achieved as the artist matches images and methods. This study examined how novices, who tend to produce artistic expressions reproductively, acquire such expressive awareness over several weeks of practice of photography. We conducted case studies with two con-ditions: 1) one participant took photographs and reflected on her own work; 2) one participant imitated eminent works of creative expression in the domain and reflected on her own work. The results showed that the participants acquired expressive aware-ness in both conditions, but the scope of the expressive awareness was different. The participant who practiced only reflection on her own work started to focus on precise methods of expression, while the participant who practiced imitation as well as reflec-tion started to produce creative expressions and tried consciously to control her creative processes. The findings of this study are potentially useful for developing educational practice in art schools.

著者

小池 貴行 犬飼 祥雅 山田 憲政

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.508-522, 2009 (Released:2010-09-10)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the action observation changes the learner's leg stiffness, representing mechanical state of global leg spring, during drop jump (DJ) and whether the process to observe the learner's and model's movement is effective method. We used the drop jump as trial movement, since its performance is influenced by the change in leg stiffness. 21 subjects we employed were divided into 3 groups (GPs) according to the observation type-GP1: observation of both the model's and their own DJ; GP2: observation of only the model's DJ; GP3: no observation with rest. The subjects performed DJ pre and post observation. Leg stiffness was estimated using the leg length (240 fps) and vertical ground reaction force (Fz) (2000 Hz) during stance phase and compared between pre- and post-tests in each group. In GP1, kinetic (the leg stiffness and maximum value of Fz) and kinematic (i.e., contact duration and change in leg compression) parameters in posttest were significantly higher and lesser than that in pretest, respectively. The results indicate that the leg stiffness is increased by the action observation and thus the observation procedure is effective to enhance the DJ skill that utilizes the external force. Further, the results suggest that observing learner's own and model's movements is to enhance the effect of action observation.