18 0 0 0 OA 鈴木宏昭 追悼文集
- 著者
- 阿部 慶賀 有元 典文 安西 祐一郎 今井 むつみ 入來 篤史 植田 一博 内海 彰 大西 仁 大森 隆司 岡田 猛 岡田 浩之 長田 尚子 小田切 史士 小野 哲雄 亀田 達也 川合 伸幸 清河 幸子 久保(川合)南海子 栗山 直子 佐伯 胖 嶋田 総太郎 白水 始 鈴木 聡 諏訪 正樹 高木 光太郎 舘野 泰一 寺尾 敦 伝 康晴 中島 秀之 中村 國則 橋田 浩一 服部 雅史 原田 悦子 針生 悦子 開 一夫 福田 健 堀 浩一 本田 秀仁 松香 敏彦 宮﨑 美智子 三輪 和久 村山 功 横澤 一彦 横山 拓
- 出版者
- 日本認知科学会
- 雑誌
- 認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.30, no.4, pp.407-433, 2023-12-01 (Released:2023-12-15)
- 参考文献数
- 3
5 0 0 0 OA 自己認識における運動主体感の役割と発達メカニズム
- 著者
- 宮崎 美智子 高橋 英之 岡田 浩之 開 一夫
- 出版者
- 日本認知科学会
- 雑誌
- 認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.18, no.1, pp.9-28, 2011 (Released:2011-09-07)
- 参考文献数
- 56
The emergence of “Sense of agency” contributes to self-recognition. However there are few useful experimental paradigms for evaluating the development process of the sense of agency in young infants because the sense of agency is a subjective sense and young infants cannot verbally describe their internal experience. In this article, we propose a new experimental paradigm for examining the sense of agency using on-line eye tracking which we named “eye-scratch task”. This task enables us to evaluate the emergence processes of the sense of agency by a trajectory of voluntary eye movement. Besides, this task enables direct comparison of eye movement trajectories between infants and adults in common criteria. Hence, we can discriminate whether an infant feels the sense of agency or not by comparison with adults. Further, we analyzed participants' behavior in the task by the concept of feed-forward model that are the most famous computational frameworks for motor control and sense of agency. And we claim that our new infant's model based measurement give fruitful suggestions to the computational modeling for the development process of the sense of agency and self-recognition.
4 0 0 0 OA マンガのスピード線の視覚的効果
- 著者
- 林 聖将 松田 剛 玉宮 義之 開 一夫
- 出版者
- 日本認知科学会
- 雑誌
- 認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.20, no.1, pp.79-89, 2013-03-01 (Released:2014-11-20)
- 参考文献数
- 22
- 被引用文献数
- 1
Manga is a visual art consisting of still images, words, and various symbolic rep-resentations. “Speed lines” are type of the symbolic representation in manga. They are typically depicted as several lines placed on the opposite side of the direction of motion. Although readers of manga can empirically estimate the motion direction of objects with speed lines, few studies have experimentally examined the perception of speed lines. We hence investigated spatial attention arising from speed lines by using a pre-cuing technique (Posner, 1980). For example, if speed lines placed on the left side of a depicted object induced a rightward motion perception, then spatial attention to the right should be enhanced. A total of thirty university students who have read manga before participated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, we employed schematic balls with or without speed lines as cues and measured reaction times for three different conditions. Target stimuli were presented on the opposite or the same side of the speed lines across the balls in the congruent and incongruent conditions, respectively. In the neutral condition, the schematic balls without speed lines were used as cues. Reaction times were found to be shorter for the congruent condition than the incongruent and neutral conditions. In Experiment 2, schematic balls with four figures instead of speed lines were used as cues in order to elucidate the particularity of the speed lines. Reac-tion times were shorter for the congruent and incongruent conditions than the neutral con-dition, and did not differ significantly between the congruent and incongruent conditions. These results indicated that spatial attention toward the direction of motion corresponding to manga artists’ intention was aroused by speed lines. Therefore, we conclude that adults who read manga can perceive the motion direction of objects with speed lines.
3 0 0 0 社会的存在としての遠隔操作型アンドロイドの研究
- 著者
- 石黒 浩 中村 泰 西尾 修一 宮下 敬宏 吉川 雄一郎 神田 崇行 板倉 昭二 平田 オリザ 開 一夫 石井 カルロス寿憲 小川 浩平
- 出版者
- 大阪大学
- 雑誌
- 基盤研究(A)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- 2013-04-01
人と関わるロボットの自律動作と遠隔操作の機能を統合することで,人間やロボットが存在する社会的で現実的な場面において, 発話やジェスチャーなどの社会的振る舞いを行い, 社会に参加できるロボットシステムの実現を目指すとともに, 社会的な対話の認知心理学的な理解とモデリングに取り組んだ.今年度は, 以上の取り組みを開始したところであったが, 本提案をさらに発展させた, 人間に酷似したロボットであるアンドロイドの機構の改良や BMI の導入を含む基盤研究 S "人のような存在感を持つ半自律遠隔操作型アンドロイドの研究" が採択されたため,5月31日をもって,本研究課題を廃止し, 基盤研究 S の一部として研究を推進している.本研究課題実施時の具体的な研究内容としては, 1. 対人状況における注意制御機能と遠隔操作機能の統合の一部として, 学習アルゴリズムに基づくロボットの自律制御に関する研究, 及び, 2. 社会的状況における対話の認知科学的モデル化の研究の一部として, ロボット演劇中のロボットが人にアプローチするシーンの演出データからの社会的振る舞いの抽出に取り組んだ.現在, 基盤研究 S として, 物理的なインタラクションをも自然にするための電磁リニアアクチュエータを用いたアンドロイドの開発,複数人による雑談などの具体的な社会的状況における対話とそれに伴う行動の記録と分析に基づく対話モデルの構築や, 遠隔操作の記録を基にしたアンドロイドの自律化に取り組んでおり, 今後,行う予定のブレインマシンインターフェースによる遠隔制御の導入などとともに, 人との多様な相互作用を行うアンドロイドの開発, 社会的存在としての機能の実現, 現実社会におけるアンドロイドの社会参加の実現に取り組む.
2 0 0 0 OA 認知科学とロボット
- 著者
- 開 一夫
- 出版者
- The Robotics Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- 日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.17, no.1, pp.11-15, 1999-01-15 (Released:2010-08-10)
- 参考文献数
- 16
2 0 0 0 OA 子どものためのロボティクス —教育・療育支援における新しい方向性の提案—
- 著者
- 田中 文英 小嶋 秀樹 板倉 昭二 開 一夫
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本ロボット学会
- 雑誌
- 日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.28, no.4, pp.455-462, 2010 (Released:2012-01-25)
- 参考文献数
- 32
- 被引用文献数
- 4 3
Robotics intersects with children in diverse ways; it opens new scientific research fields of understanding humans with collaborating with psychologies and other related fields. At the same time, it is expected to offer useful applications for early childhood education and therapy. But, it has to be recognized that the robotics technology could be a double-edged sword, meaning that it could be hazardous if we did not exploit it in appropriate ways. Robots are thought to have double character; sometimes they show human-like features but other times they just look like an object. We need to understand the character well and consider appropriate forms of application based on the character. In this paper, firstly we will review the past studies around robotics and children, and we will also discuss the potential risk of robotics for children. Then, we will propose some new ideas for the application of robotics for early childhood education and therapy, considering the double character of robots.
2 0 0 0 OA 顔認知能力の個人差に関する検討―日本語版先天性相貌失認尺度,行動反応,脳波を用いた検討
- 著者
- 金山 範明 大隅 尚広 大平 英樹 飯高 哲也 開 一夫
- 出版者
- 日本認知科学会
- 雑誌
- 認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.18, no.1, pp.50-63, 2011 (Released:2011-09-07)
- 参考文献数
- 31
Intact face perception is an important function for individual identification in highly socialized human community. Recent studies revealed that there are hereditary individual differences on the cognitive skills related to face identification, named congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia. The investigation on the congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia would advance our understanding of the face identification mechanism, however, has not been conducted with Japanese samples. The development of the Japanese version of the congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia screening scale is the first step of the congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia study in Japan. In this study, we attempted the translation of the original screening scale into Japanese, and also investigated the relationship between the score of scale and behavioral⁄physiological responses on face stimuli. As a result, we found highly internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the Japanese version of the congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia screening scale. Also we have revealed the score was related to some behavioral performances and ERP responses related to the self-face perception.
2 0 0 0 OA 洞察問題解決への制約論的アプローチ
2 0 0 0 OA 事象関連電位を指標としたゲームキャラクターの自己同一視に関する検討
2 0 0 0 OA 遠隔操作アンドロイドによる存在感の研究
2 0 0 0 OA 触覚刺激に対する注意に筋緊張が与える効果について
- 著者
- 山本 吉伸 松井 孝雄 開 一夫 梅田 聡 安西 祐一郎
- 雑誌
- 認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society (ISSN:13417924)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.1, no.1, pp.107-120, 1994-05-20
- 被引用文献数
- 20
1 0 0 0 OA パラ言語情報を利用した相互適応的な意味獲得プロセスの実験的分析
- 著者
- 小松 孝徳 鈴木 健太郎 植田 一博 開 一夫 岡 夏樹
- 出版者
- 日本認知科学会
- 雑誌
- 認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.10, no.1, pp.121-138, 2003-03-01 (Released:2008-10-03)
- 参考文献数
- 21
- 被引用文献数
- 3
The effects of the speaker's adjustment of the teaching strategy and the use of paralanguage information of speech to acquire its meaning were clarified by means of experiment: In the experiments, two subjects played a game of Pong: one of the subjects (operator) could not understand linguistically what the other one (teacher) was saying. The results of these experiments revealed the following. First, the teacher's high-pitched voice drew attention of the operator's current action. Second, the process of meaning acquisition can be regarded as reinforcement learning based on a multi-reward system (i.e., a positive reward for correct actions and a negative reward for incorrect actions, given in the form of the teacher's high-pitched voice). Finally, mutual adaptation between the subjects was observed, that is, the subjects learned to respond appropriately to each other's behavior. It is concluded that the above three phenomena are important to the process of meaning acquisition and can be viewed as the basic requirements to enable the acquisition of meaning of unknown speech, and to construct an adaptive sound interface, which can provide a natural interaction enviromnet for its user.
1 0 0 0 自己認識における運動主体感の役割と発達メカニズム
- 著者
- 宮崎 美智子 高橋 英之 岡田 浩之 開 一夫
- 出版者
- 日本認知科学会
- 雑誌
- 認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society (ISSN:13417924)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.18, no.1, pp.9-28, 2011-03-01
- 参考文献数
- 56
- 被引用文献数
- 1
The emergence of “Sense of agency” contributes to self-recognition. However there are few useful experimental paradigms for evaluating the development process of the sense of agency in young infants because the sense of agency is a subjective sense and young infants cannot verbally describe their internal experience. In this article, we propose a new experimental paradigm for examining the sense of agency using on-line eye tracking which we named “eye-scratch task”. This task enables us to evaluate the emergence processes of the sense of agency by a trajectory of voluntary eye movement. Besides, this task enables direct comparison of eye movement trajectories between infants and adults in common criteria. Hence, we can discriminate whether an infant feels the sense of agency or not by comparison with adults. Further, we analyzed participants' behavior in the task by the concept of feed-forward model that are the most famous computational frameworks for motor control and sense of agency. And we claim that our new infant's model based measurement give fruitful suggestions to the computational modeling for the development process of the sense of agency and self-recognition.
1 0 0 0 OA ヒューマノイドロボットに対するミラーニューロンシステムの反応
- 著者
- 松田 剛 神田 崇行 石黒 浩 開 一夫
- 出版者
- 日本認知科学会
- 雑誌
- 認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.19, no.4, pp.434-444, 2012-12-01 (Released:2014-10-31)
- 参考文献数
- 26
Many types of humanoid robots have been developed recently, and they are mainly designed for social interaction with human beings. The most communicative partners for human beings are other humans. Therefore, to develop successful communicative robots, it is important to know how closely they resemble a human. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate the human likeness of a humanoid robot (Robovie) by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Since activity of the human mirror neuron system (MNS) is thought to reflect the perceived human likeness of observed agents,we compared MNS activity during observations of an action performed by a human and the robot. Seven male and ten female participants were included in the study, and eventually, fourteen of them were analyzed. NIRS probes were placed at the bilateral premotor and primary motor areas, which are components of the MNS. Under observation conditions, stimuli were presented live or on a video monitor; there were four observation conditions, namely, live-human, live-robot, video-human, and video-robot. After the observation conditions, the participants executed the same action performed by the human agent in the observation conditions by themselves (execution condition). We identified the NIRS channels in which significant activation was induced under both the observation and execution conditions, and used this information to determine the possible regions reflecting MNS activity. We found no significant effect of the agent (human/robot) on MNS activity, and this indicated that MNS response in the motorrelated area is relatively analogous irrespective of the agent (human/robot). However,the effect of the mode of presentation (live/video) was found in a few channels. Two channels corresponding to the left ventral premotor cortex were activated more strongly in the live condition than in the video condition, particularly when the agent was the human. In contrast, one channel corresponding to the right primary motor cortex was activated more strongly in the video condition than in the live condition only when the agent was the robot. These findings suggest that live presentation of action is necessary to reveal true brain activity in actual situations.
1 0 0 0 OA 計算システムとのインタラクション ―楽しさを促進する要因に関する考察
- 著者
- 山本 吉伸 松井 孝雄 開 一夫 梅田 聡 安西 祐一郎
- 出版者
- 日本認知科学会
- 雑誌
- 認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.1, no.1, pp.1_107-1_120, 1994 (Released:2008-10-03)
- 参考文献数
- 9
What makes it a pleasure to interact with a computer system? In this paper,we discuss some possible factors contributing to a pleasant interaction. We study the pleasure of interaction under the domain of a two-player game called word tennis, Shiritori in Japanese, conducted through a computer network. Two sets of experiments were carried out. The first set consisted of game sessions between a subject and a computer player. Half of the subjects were informed (correctly) that their opponents were computer players, while the other half were informed (incorrectly) that their opponents were human players. All subjects could quit the game session whenever they chose to do so. The second set was the same as the first one except that the computer player was replaced by a human player. From the results of both sets of experiments, we reveal that, regardless of whether the actual identity of the opponent is a computer or a human player, subjects who were told to be facing with a human player gave significantly higher pleasure-ratings than those who were told to be facing with a computer player. Furthermore, subjects who found the game pleasant kept playing the game until the end of the pre-determined time limit (one hour). As the word tennis game is dry and monotonous in essence, the exceptionally long game session suggests that the subjects must have had an intrinsic motivation for the game. However, previously recognized intrinsic motivation for games in general fails to explain our observed phenomenon satisfactorily. Hence, we make an attempt to characterize a novel intrinsic motivation, and postulate that the cognition of being involved communication with a human mind is indeed a valid intrinsic motivation in interacting with a computer system.
1 0 0 0 OA 表象変化の動的緩和理論 : 洞察メカニズムの解明に向けて
- 著者
- 開 一夫 鈴木 宏昭
- 出版者
- 日本認知科学会
- 雑誌
- 認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.5, no.2, pp.2_69-2_79, 1998-06-01 (Released:2008-10-03)
- 参考文献数
- 23
Research on insight has accumulated empirical evidence on its cognitive processes. However, there is little agreement on what problem-solvers learn from their initial failures and at what point an insight actually takes place. To explore these issues, we first propose a general framework that involves three constraints, object-level, relational, and goal. The object-level and relational constraints represent people's natural preferences of how objects and relations in a given problem are represented. The goal constraint evaluates a degree of match of the current state to the goal, and leads problem-solvers to select specific combinations of the representations of objects and relations. In the processes of insight, these constraints operate simultaneously and are gradually relaxed by repeated impasses. Using a geometric puzzle problem, we empirically tested hypotheses derived from the framework. Experimental results revealed that the initial persistence in a wrong approach could be explained by the object-level and goal constraints, and that subjects could reach an insight by relaxing the object-level constraints as well as allowing easy operation of goal constraints.
1 0 0 0 OA 乳児における共感の発達
- 著者
- 板倉 昭二 開 一夫
- 出版者
- 心理学評論刊行会
- 雑誌
- 心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.58, no.3, pp.345-356, 2015 (Released:2018-06-19)
- 著者
- 金山 範明 大隅 尚広 大平 英樹 飯高 哲也 開 一夫
- 出版者
- 日本認知科学会
- 雑誌
- 認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society (ISSN:13417924)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.18, no.1, pp.50-63, 2011-03-01
- 参考文献数
- 31
Intact face perception is an important function for individual identification in highly socialized human community. Recent studies revealed that there are hereditary individual differences on the cognitive skills related to face identification, named congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia. The investigation on the congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia would advance our understanding of the face identification mechanism, however, has not been conducted with Japanese samples. The development of the Japanese version of the congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia screening scale is the first step of the congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia study in Japan. In this study, we attempted the translation of the original screening scale into Japanese, and also investigated the relationship between the score of scale and behavioral⁄physiological responses on face stimuli. As a result, we found highly internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the Japanese version of the congenital⁄hereditary prosopagnosia screening scale. Also we have revealed the score was related to some behavioral performances and ERP responses related to the self-face perception.