著者
坂井 雄吉
出版者
大東文化大学
雑誌
大東法学 (ISSN:02870940)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.2, pp.二六一-二七三, 1996-03-30
著者
棚次 亘弘 成尾 芳博 丸田 秀雄 秋葉 鐐二郎 倉谷 健治
出版者
宇宙航空研究開発機構
雑誌
宇宙科学研究所報告. 特集 (ISSN:02859920)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, pp.13-54, 1983-03

宇宙科学研究所は昭和51年から行ってきた液水/液酸ロケット開発における最終段階の試験としてステージ燃焼試験を行った。ステージ燃焼試験は最初に7トン級エンジンと小形厚肉タンクシステムを用いて, 次に10トン級エンジンを用いて行った。これらのエンジンは昭和55年と56年にそれぞれ確認試験を行っている。ステージ燃焼試験は昭和56年10月から昭和57年4月に3期に分けて8回実施し, ステージシステムが計画した性能で自立運転状態になることを確認した。また, ステージシステムの起動と停止シーケンス, およびシステムの予冷運転の方法が確立され, タンクの推進剤を過不足なく消費するためのPU制御も試みられ良好な結果が得られた。
著者
大場 郁子
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.10, pp.490-494, 2006
参考文献数
8

研究者のための学術情報ナビゲーションツールScopus(スコーパス)は,科学・技術・医学・社会科学分野における4,000以上の出版社の15,000誌以上のタイトルを収録する書誌・引用データベースである。Scopusは,検索結果のデータをいろいろな方法で分析し,より深い洞察を得たいと考えている研究者のニーズにこたえるための機能拡張を継続的に行ってきた。ここでは,特定著者の文献収集をより正確かつ簡単にする著者識別機能と,利用者が自由に評価対象文献を選択して分析できる引用分析ツールの2つの新機能を通して,評価ツールとしてのScopusの特性を紹介する。
著者
徳永 哲
出版者
日本赤十字九州国際看護大学
雑誌
日本赤十字九州国際看護大学紀要 = Bulletin of the Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing (ISSN:21868042)
巻号頁・発行日
no.12, pp.13-31, 2013

19世紀中頃のロンドンには大飢饉を逃れたアイルランド人をはじめ各地域からの移住者がテムズ川河口付近や南側の地域に住み着いた。汚物と悪臭に満ちたその一帯には疫病が蔓延していた。貧しい病人を救済するべくカトリックやプロテスタントの修道女が奉仕活動を始めた。また救貧院や総合病院が拡充され、医学校の開設が相次いだ。ナイチンゲールはこうした社会の変化に心を動かされ、看護に関心を抱くが、1852年まで両親の反対によって外出の自由が奪われ、看護への道が閉ざされてしまった。しかし、8年に及ぶ自室にこもって自学したことは公衆衛生学や薬学などから宗教哲学や近代思想などに及んだ。特に、チャドウィックの「瘴気説」は彼女に大きな影響を与え、スクタリの陸軍病院の衛生改善や国内の近代的病棟の設計に優れた実績を残す基となった。それは、また、ナイチンゲール自身の熱いキリスト教信仰と深く結びつけられ、彼女の看護論の中に根強く生き続けた。そして、このことは看護師に必須の「仕事における三重の関心」(1893年)として集約され、病院での看護の優越性と医療の核となって働く看護師の重要性を主張するに至った。 In the middle of the 19th century, immigrants who escaped from the Great Famine came over from Ireland and other regions into London. They came to live around the southern bank of the Thames River, where they formed a huge Irish town, The river flew through an area brimmed over with excreta and stench and caused different epidemics. Poverty and lack of sanitation became the most important matter in London and demanded an immediate solution. The New Poor Law was established by Chadwick in 1834. Both Catholic and Protestant nursing sisters did the relief work around the area in order to save the sick poor. General hospitals enlarged their wards ad established one medical school after another. Nightingale was not allowed to leave her house and could not follow her call to become a nurse for eight years, during this time the situation of medical care and public health in London were rapidly transformed. However, the eight –year's collecting information and thinking in her house gave her a lot of knowledge about nursing, sanitation, and religion. She read information about reformation of public health and learned Chadwick's Miasmatic theory and medical statistician Farr's zymotic diseases theory. When she went to the Crimean War as a matron, both Miasmatic theory and zymotic disease theory led her to the reformation of sanitation in the hospital as Scutari where she worked. Nightingale is considered a scientist because she mastered medical statistics and was well informed on medicine and sanitation. On the other hand it should not be forgotten that she was a Christian. Her guiding principle was to practice nursing following the teachings of Jesus Christ. There is a contradiction between science and Christianity. Nightingale had the contradiction in her mind. It was this contradiction in her mind that was useful to establish modern nursing because nurses must be concerned with the humanity scope of patients. They have to support recovery from illness and give patients the power to live independently. Nightingale said on one of her essays, "A nurse must have an three-fold interest in her work: an intellectual interest in the case, a hearty interest in the patient, a technical interest in the patient's care and cure."
著者
青木 栄一
出版者
日本地理教育学会
雑誌
新地理 (ISSN:05598362)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.4, pp.1-11, 1982

There have been many oral traditions relating to oppositions against railway constructions in the early period of railway development in Japan. The most famous oral traditions have been in <i>Shukubamachis</i> (towns or villages with facilities for relay post-horse), where the inhabitants had There have been many oral traditions relating to oppositions against railway constructions in the early period of railway development in Japan. The most famous oral traditions have been in <i>Shukubamachis</i> (towns or villages with facilities for relay post-horse), where the inhabitants had opposed to railway constructions for fear of losing their travel customers. Curiously, however, in Japan, there have been no reliable historical documents relating to the oppositions, or no historical articles certifying the facts of oppositions, using reliable records. Many stories of railway opposition have remained in vague condition from a view-point of positivism, today. The author insists that it is necessary to prove the fact of railway oppositions, through the following procedures. They are, (1) discovery of reliable documents written contemporaneously, (2) consideration to policies and general opinions about railways on the day, and (3) investigation of ideal rail-routes in relation to topographic feature and railway track gradient (25&permil; in maximum gradient in case of Japanese trunk railways).<br>There were two periods of railway mania in Japan, in the closing years of 19th Century, 1885-90 and 1894-99. In those days, inhabitants of rural towns made passionate movement to raise their fund for private railway construction, or to introduce national railways to their towns. It is unreasonable to suppose railway oppositions in those days without showing any reliable documents. As for the Kobu Railway, between Tokyo and Hachioji (opened in 1889), having famous oral traditions of railway opposition by <i>shukubamachis</i> along a traditional trunk road, we have no reliable records to prove the existence of oppositions, and many preserved documents showing the insistence of introduction of railway construction in those days, showed the decision in ideal rail-route in relation to topographic feature and track gradient.<br>There were some categories of railway oppositions, capable to certifying their existence by reliable documents. They were, (1) the oppositions to coastal or riverside railways, which compete with steamship operations, by officers of national railways, (2) the oppositions by military authorities or conservative <i>samurais</i> (feudal warriors) class, insisted the precedence of military expansion or anti-foreign spirit, and (3) the oppositions by farmers, protested the change for worse utilization of water in paddy field, because of the construction of embankment for railways. The first and second categories had lasted by about 1880s and 1870s, respectively, but the third one has continued toward the 20th Century. The author presents some examples belonging to the first and the third categories of oppositions during the Meiji Era (1868-1912) in this article.
著者
奥井 素子
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美學 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.1, pp.85-96, 2010-06-30

There are three folding screens of the "Wind and Thunder Gods" created by three Rimpa school masters: Sotatsu Tawaraya, Korin Ogata (1658-1716) and Hoitsu Sakai (1761-1828). In the exhibition 'The National Treasure Screens of the Art of Rimpa' at the Idemitsu Museum in 2004, it was proven that the outlines of Sotatsu's and Korin's versions of the folding screen are almost the same. This gives an impression that Korin traced Sotatsu's work. However, by comparing both screens, I found out that Korin's work differs from Sotatsu's at several points. In this paper, I will present other possibilities of copying outlines other than by tracing, and I will examine how Korin created his work by comparing the details of both folding screens. Lastly, I will present a new way of looking at Korin's work, in that he did not merely trace Sotatsu's work. Instead, he may have used a preparatory drawing or a tracing outline prepared by another person, among other reasons to produce his own interpretation of the "Wind and Thunder Gods" folding screen.
著者
八尋 克郎 亀田 佳代子 那須 義次 村濱 史郎
出版者
日本昆虫学会
雑誌
昆蟲. ニューシリーズ (ISSN:13438794)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.1, pp.15-23, 2013-01-05

滋賀県琵琶湖の竹生島でカワウの巣の昆虫を調査したところ,27種に属する466個体の昆虫類が採集された.鞘翅目が最も多く,すべての昆虫類の35.1%を占めた.鞘翅目のうち個体数の多い上位4科はゾウムシ科,コブスジコガネ科,ガムシ科,カツオブシムシ科で,合計個体数が148個体,全鞘翅目の90.8%を占めた.カワウの巣の昆虫相は主に生態系の腐食連鎖系に属する腐食性昆虫で構成されることが明らかになった.チビコブスジコガネ(コブスジコガネ科)は48個体確認されており,巣内の幼鳥の古い死体やペリット,食べ残しなどの分解者として重要な役割を果たしていると考えられる.