著者

Tsubasa Shoji Kazuki Saito

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.421-425, 2022-12-25 (Released:2022-12-25)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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RING membrane-anchor (RMA) E3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation, which mediates the regulated destruction of ER-resident enzymes in various organisms. We determined that the transcription factor JASMONATE-RESPONSIVE ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 4 (JRE4) co-regulates the expression of the RMA-type ligase gene SlRMA1, but not its homolog SlRMA2, with steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis genes in tomato, perhaps to prevent the overaccumulation of these metabolites.

著者

Lalita Jantean Kentaro Okada Yaichi Kawakatsu Ken-ichi Kurotani Michitaka Notaguchi

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.415-420, 2022-12-25 (Released:2022-12-25)

参考文献数

28

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for plant biological processes. As signaling molecules, ROS regulate plant growth and development through cell expansion, elongation, and programmed cell death. Furthermore, ROS production is induced by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) treatment and biotic stresses, and contributes to plant resistance to pathogens. Thus, MAMP-induced ROS production has been an indicator for plant early immune responses or stress responses. One of widely used methods for the measurement is a luminol-based assay to measure extracellular ROS production with a bacterial flagellin epitope (flg22) as a MAMP elicitor. Nicotiana benthamiana is susceptible to a wide variety of plant pathogenic agents and therefore commonly used for ROS measurements. On the other hand, Arabidopsis thaliana, many of genetical lines of which are available, is also conducted to ROS measurements. Tests in an asterid N. benthamiana and a rosid A. thaliana can reveal conserved molecular mechanisms in ROS production. However, the small size of A. thaliana leaves requires many seedlings for experiments. This study examined flg22-induced ROS production in another member of the Brassicaceae family, Brassica rapa ssp. rapa (turnip), which has large and flat leaves. Our experiments indicated that 10 nM and 100 nM flg22 treatments induced high ROS levels in turnip. Turnip tended to have a lower standard deviation in multiple concentrations of flg22 treatment. Therefore, these results suggested that turnip can be a good material from the rosid clade for ROS measurement.

著者

小口 正義 藤森 愛子 小口 はるみ 跡部 治 永田 和也 両角 和雄 藤森 洋子 立花 直樹 蜂谷 勤

出版者

公益財団法人 医療科学研究所

雑誌

医療と社会 (ISSN:09169202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.97-105, 2010 (Released:2010-07-28)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

3 2

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抗菌薬適正使用は感染患者の確実かつ安全な治癒,耐性菌出現と蔓延化の防止,および医療費の効率的運用の観点から対処するとされ,特に抗菌薬の使用法管理は経済的にも重要な問題となっている。そのため抗菌薬の使用法管理としての対策(抗MRSA薬・カルバペネム系薬の使用申請制度,監視制度,警告通知制度),DPC制度導入などがどの様に薬剤費に影響したかを調査・分析した。その結果,抗菌薬の総使用量は調査期間中ほぼ一定であったが,カルバペネム系薬の使用量,および抗菌薬の総使用金額は半減した。さらに平均在院日数も減少した。これらのことから当院の抗菌薬適正使用の取り組みにより,スペクトラムの広域な抗菌薬から狭域な抗菌薬への変更,および高価な抗菌薬から安価な製品への置き換えなど,適切な抗菌薬の選択が進んだものと考えられた。抗菌薬適正使用による抗菌薬の使用法管理は,薬剤費に大きなコスト削減効果を及ぼしていることがわかった。

著者

Linda M. Robles Laura H. Reichenberg James H. Grissom Ⅲ Richard J. Chi Kenneth J. Piller

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.367-379, 2022-12-25 (Released:2022-12-25)

参考文献数

49

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It is estimated that multiple sclerosis (MS) affects over 2.8 million people worldwide, with a prevalence that is expected to continue growing over time. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this autoimmune disease. For several decades, antigen-specific treatments have been used in animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to demonstrate their potential for suppressing autoimmune responses. Successes with preventing and limiting ongoing MS disease have been documented using a wide variety of myelin proteins, peptides, autoantigen-conjugates, and mimics when administered by various routes. While those successes were not translatable in the clinic, we have learned a great deal about the roadblocks and hurdles that must be addressed if such therapies are to be useful. Reovirus sigma1 protein (pσ1) is an attachment protein that allows the virus to target M cells with high affinity. Previous studies showed that autoantigens tethered to pσ1 delivered potent tolerogenic signals and diminished autoimmunity following therapeutic intervention. In this proof-of-concept study, we expressed a model multi-epitope autoantigen (human myelin basic protein, MBP) fused to pσ1 in soybean seeds. The expression of chimeric MBP-pσ1 was stable over multiple generations and formed the necessary multimeric structures required for binding to target cells. When administered to SJL mice prophylactically as an oral therapeutic, soymilk formulations containing MBP-pσ1 delayed the onset of clinical EAE and significantly reduced developing disease. These results demonstrate the practicality of soybean as a host for producing and formulating immune-modulating therapies to treat autoimmune diseases.

著者

Bin Yang Shan Sun Shengyu Li Jiali Zeng Furong Xu

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.355-365, 2022-12-25 (Released:2022-12-25)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

1

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Long-term seed dormancy of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis limits its large-scale artificial cultivation. It is crucial to understand the regulatory genes involving in dormancy release for artificial cultivation in this species. In this study, seed dormancy of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis was effectively released by warm stratification (20°C) for 90 days. The freshly harvested seeds (dormant) and stratified seeds (non-dormant) were used to sequence, and approximately 147 million clean reads and 28,083 annotated unigenes were detected. In which, a total of 10,937 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between dormant and non-dormant seeds. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) classification revealed that the majority unigenes involved in signaling transduction and carbohydrate metabolism. Of them, the signaling transduction-related DEGs were mainly hormones-, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-, and transcription factor (TF)-related genes. The largest number of signaling transduction-related DEGs were auxin-responsive genes (SAUR, AUX/IAA, and ARF) and AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor (ERF/AP2). Moreover, at least 29 DEGs such as α-amylase (AMY), β-glucosidase (Bglb/Bglu/Bglx), and endoglucanase (Glu) were identified involving in carbohydrate metabolism. These identified genes provide a valuable resource to investigate the molecular basis of dormancy release in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

著者

Tatsushi Fukushima Yutaka Kodama

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.345-354, 2022-12-25 (Released:2022-12-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

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Marchantia polymorpha has emerged as a model liverwort species, with molecular tools increasingly available. In the present study, we developed an auxotrophic strain of M. polymorpha and an auxotrophic selective marker gene as new experimental tools for this valuable model system. Using CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats)/Cas9-mediated genome editing, we mutated the genomic region for IMIDAZOLEGLYCEROL-PHOSPHATE DEHYDRATASE (IGPD) in M. polymorpha to disrupt the biosynthesis of histidine (igpd). We modified an IGPD gene (IGPDm) with silent mutations, generating a histidine auxotrophic selective marker gene that was not a target of our CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. The M. polymorpha igpd mutant was a histidine auxotrophic strain, growing only on medium containing histidine. The igpd mutant could be complemented by transformation with the IGPDm gene, indicating that this gene could be used as an auxotrophic selective marker. Using the IGPDm marker in the igpd mutant background, we produced transgenic lines without the need for antibiotic selection. The histidine auxotrophic strain igpd and auxotrophic selective marker IGPDm represent new molecular tools for M. polymorpha research.

著者

Xiaoxia Pan Tong Li Changmei Liao Youyong Zhu Mingzhi Yang

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.335-343, 2022-12-25 (Released:2022-12-25)

参考文献数

47

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The metabolic patterns of grape cells can be specifically shaped by different strains of dual-cultured fungal endophytes. In this work, a solid co-culture system was furtherly proposed to illustrate the different impacts of endophytic fungi on the biochemical status of grape cells of different varieties. By measuring the metabolic impacts of contact fungal endophytes on grape cells of the varieties ‘Rose honey’ (RH) and ‘Cabernet sauvignon’ (CS), we observed that most of the fungal strains used had promoting effects on grape cellular biochemistry parameters. Compared with the control, inoculation with most of the fungal strains increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities as well as the total flavonoid (TF) and total phenolics (TPh) contents in both types of grape cells. Among the tested strains, RH34, RH49 and MDR36 had relatively stronger biochemical impacts on grape cells. More interestingly, in addition to the varietal specificity, a certain degree of fungal genus specificity was also observed during the metabolic interactions between fungal endophytes and grape cells, as fungal endophytes from the same genus tended to be clustered into the same group based on the affected biochemical traits. This work revealed the differential biochemical status effects of fungal endophytes on different varietal grape cells and raised the possibility of reshaping grape qualities by applying endophytes.

著者

齊藤 壽彦 サイトウ ヒサヒコ Hisahiko SAITO

雑誌

千葉商大論叢

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.19-40, 2013-09

著者

若島 正

出版者

一般財団法人 日本英文学会

雑誌

英文学研究 (ISSN:00393649)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, pp.85-89, 2019 (Released:2020-12-07)

著者

下田 妙子 菅 淑江 斉藤 篤 藤野 武彦 迪利 巴尓 王 静雄

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.23-32, 1996-01-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

9

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We investigated the eating habits of the Uygur family living in kashgar, an oasis city in the western part of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region, China. The results are as follows: 1. Lunch was full of variety, compared with the morning and evening meals; the former consist of rahmen, chuchura, poro, chinese-type rice dishes and so on, although the later was composed of only Nan-type bread and tea. The items of food were 13 to 18 per day. 2. As source of protein, mutton was most used but chicken and beaf were less consumed due to the high price. 3. Food was seasoned mainly with rock salt. Sugar was not used in cooking. 4. The average of daily intake of calcium, iron and vitamin B2 in men was less than the Chinese standard dietary allowance. 5. The comparative ratio of P : F : C was 9-12: 11-28 : 61-77.

著者

日本聖書協会[編]

出版者

日本聖書協会

巻号頁・発行日

1954

著者

日本ハリストス正教会教団全国宣教委員会編

出版者

日本ハリストス正教会教団全国宣教委員会

巻号頁・発行日

2004

著者

金子 貞吉

出版者

中央大学経済研究所

雑誌

中央大学経済研究所年報 (ISSN:02859718)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.67-103, 2018-10-10

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本稿は,戦後日本経済の発展史をたどるために,どのように区分して,それをどのように特徴づけるか,考察することである。経済事象は連続しているので,それをただ時系列的に述べるのではなく,時期区分して,その特徴を明らかにしようとするものである。経済発展は,時期区分できるほど,きちんとした変動をみない。政策の転換や急変するような事態の発生などをメルクマールにして,区切りをつけることは可能であろう。しかし,それが全体に浸透して,変化をもたらすには,タイムラグがある。また,一つの要因で変化が起きるわけでもない。だから,時代を画する特徴をあげることが困難であった。景気循環やマクロ統計をたよりに,時代の特徴を析出することから始めた。次いで,これまでの斯界の論議を検証して,それぞれの時代の推進軸がなにか考察した。その上で,それぞれの期間に起きた事象を拾いながら,いかなる関連がみられるか分析し,その時代の特徴を説明するという手法をとった。経済事象には,それを構成する要素があり,その要素は複合しているが,経済を動かす要因となる。そういう要因は,国の政策等の国内的なものもあるし,外国からの変動が波及するものもある。それらが相互作用して経済関係に変化をもたらし,内部矛盾が高じると自壊して変化をおこすこともある。そのような変動を時期別に折出して,時期区分の特徴を明らかにすることとした。それを総括した試論表をマトリックスにして,末尾に示しているので,参考としてほしい。そういう意味で,本論の分析は試論的な,区分的特徴を述べることにした。

著者

三浦 瑠麗

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会誌ATOMOΣ (ISSN:18822606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.4-5, 2023 (Released:2023-01-10)

著者

長谷 一磨 飛龍 志津子

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.55-67, 2019 (Released:2019-12-18)

参考文献数

79

被引用文献数

1

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Bats emit ultrasonic vocalizations through their mouths or nostrils, listen to echoes returning from surrounding objects, and reconstruct three-dimensional images to navigate in the dark. To perform the reconstruction, bats compare their original emission with returning echoes that have been changed by the surroundings. In natural environments, echolocating bats receive various sensory inputs, including insect echoes, clutter echoes, and pulses and echoes from other bats, which must create a complex acoustic situation. Here, we discuss how bats extract own faint echoes in the presence of noise, by focusing on three similar but different situations; auditory masking, clutter interference, and jamming. Sensitivity to faint echoes is maintained after intense pulse emission, by contraction of middle ear muscles during emission. Echoes from off-axis objects could be "defocused" by comparing spectral features in the pulses and echoes. In the presence of conspecifics, bats increase the intensity and duration of pulses to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of their own echoes. They also regulate spectrotemporal features of pulses to separate their own echoes from sounds of conspecifics. Some of the adaptations made by bats may have future engineering applications for radar or sonar systems.

著者

永井如瓶編 伊勢貞丈補 松井簡治校

出版者

明治書院

巻号頁・発行日

1903

著者

松井博士古稀祝賀会編

出版者

目黒書店

巻号頁・発行日

1932

著者

松井簡治[著] . 吉澤義則[著]

出版者

雄山閣

巻号頁・発行日

1935

著者

松井簡治編

出版者

三省堂

巻号頁・発行日

1933

著者

松井簡治編

出版者

三省堂

巻号頁・発行日

1933