著者
都司 嘉宣 佐竹 健治 石辺 岳男 楠本 聡 原田 智也 西山 昭仁 金 幸隆 上野 俊洋 室谷 智子 大木 聖子 杉本 めぐみ 泊 次郎 Heidarzadeh Mohammad 綿田 辰吾 今井 健太郎 Choi Byung Ho Yoon Sung Bum Bae Jae Seok Kim Kyeong Ok Kim Hyun Woo
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.3-4, pp.29-279, 2012-03-16

We report the results of field surveys conducted by the Earthquake Research Institute, to measure tsunami heights from the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan Earthquake (M 9.0), on March 11. Measurements were taken at 296 points on the Sanriku coasts of Aomori, Iwate, and Miyagi Prefectures, and the Pacific coasts of Ibaraki and Chiba Prefectures. The data are included in the results of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Joint Survey Group. We did not cover the Sendai plain in the southern Miyagi Prefecture because other parties extensively measure there, nor Fukushima Prefecture because of the accident of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. The twelve surveys first sought traces indicating tsunami runup or inundation heights. Reliability was classified into A (most reliable based on clear physical evidence and eyewitness accounts), B (mostly based on natural traces), and C (least reliable based on equivocal evidence). Most physical evidence obtained after June was not significant; therefore, reliance was mostly placed on eyewitness accounts. Locations and relative heights above sea level were measured using handheld GPS receivers, auto-level, or total station. The measured heights were corrected for differences in tide level between measurement time and tsunami arrival time. The results are shown on table and four regional maps; however, the details of each measurement, including locations shown on 1:25,000 maps and photographs of evidence are shown in the Appendix. Along the northern Sanriku coast (Aomori and Iwate), most of the 141 heights range between 10m and 30m. Runup heights exceeding 30m were measured at one location in Noda Village and nine locations in Miyako City. On the southern Sanriku coast in Miyagi, most of the 76 measurements range between 4 and 20 m. On the Ibaraki coast, 36 measurements range from 2.8 to 8.1 m, and the heights generally decease toward the south. On the Chiba coast, 43 measurements range from 0.7 to 7.9 m, with the maximum height near Iioka, Asahi City.
著者
Hashimoto Naoki
出版者
Kyoto University
巻号頁・発行日
1971-07-23

新制・論文博士
著者
工藤 雄一郎 小林 謙一 山本 直人 吉田 淳 中村 俊夫
出版者
日本第四紀学会
雑誌
第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.6, pp.409-423, 2008-12-01 (Released:2012-03-26)
参考文献数
48

石川県御経塚遺跡から出土した縄文時代後・晩期の土器付着物と漆の14C年代,炭素・窒素安定同位体比,C/N比の測定を行い,土器で煮炊きされた内容物と各土器型式の年代学的位置づけについて検討した.その結果,後期の内面付着炭化物は,動物資源を煮炊きしたものが炭化して残ったものと考えられ,このうちのいくつかは海洋リザーバー効果の影響を受けている可能性を指摘した.晩期の土器付着物の14C年代は,周辺地域の研究成果と対比しても整合的であった.そこで,晩期の土器付着物の14C年代をIntCal04で較正し,晩期中葉の中屋式,晩期後葉の下野式および長竹式の較正年代を提示した.晩期最終末の長竹式の年代は,北陸地域における環状木柱列の形成時期とも関係することが明らかとなり,これは縄文時代から弥生時代への移行期の問題を検討する上で,きわめて重要な成果である.

1 0 0 0 OA 日本大地震

著者
關谷 清景
出版者
震災豫防調査會
雑誌
震災豫防調査會報告
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, pp.4-8, 1899-02-08
著者
宮村 攝三 秋間 哲夫
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.3-4, pp.421-433, 1951-03-25

Nach dem letzten starken Lokalbeben vom 27. Dezember 1919 bei der Stadt Imaichi(139°42′E, 36°42′N) wurde wie gewohnlich eine Expedition unseres Institutes fur die Nachbebenbeobachtungen nach dem epizentralen Gebiet gesandt, und eine Zweigstation derseben am Dorfe Hunyu(139°47′E, 36°45′N)(s. Fig.2) wurde den Verfassern aufgetragen. Die dabei verwendeten neuen Verbesserungen in Ausrustung und Methode fur Nachbebenbeobachtung im Felde waren wie folgt: 1) Gebrauch von Dreikomponentenseismographen mit gleichen Konstanten, T0=0.08, V≒200, fur jede Komponente. 2) Konstantenbestimmung an der Messtelle durch dynamische Prufung.(s. Fig.1) 3) Verwendung von einem Prazisions-registrierapparat, die eine grosse Trommel(d=195.5mm, l=740mm) fur drei-komponenten Registrierung hat und durch einen von Bifilarpendel regulierten Gleichstrommotor betrieben wird. 4) Vergrosserung von Papiergeschwindigkeit der Registrierung.(d. h. ca. 2.5mm/sec) 5) Sekundenzeitmarkierung durch einen mit Radiosignal verglichenen Chronometer. u.s.w. Folglich wurden die exakten Einsatzzeiten von P bis auf 1/10 Sekunde beinah zum ersten Mal in Feldbeobachtung der Nachbeben bestimmt. In Tabelle I ist ein Teil der Daten von 27 Beben zusammengestellt, deren Herdlagen durch P-S.Zeiten an 3 oder 4 Stationen bestimmt werden konnten. Einige Reproduktionen der Seismogrammen sind in Fig.3~8 gezeigt. Zwar man die naheren seismometrischen Studien nicht aus der Beobachtung von dieser einzigen Station(da andere Zweigstationen keine Zeitmarkierung und genugend schnelle Papiergeschwindigkeit batten) durchfuhren kann, konnen wir doch fur jetzt nur sagen, dass 1) P, S, und andere Einsatze aus einer einzigen Komponente nicht sicher bestimmt werden konnen, 2) bei gewissen Beben viele Phasen zwischen P und S bald in eine bald in andere Komponente klar festgestellt werden konnen, wahrend bei anderen Beben keine solchen Einsatzen klar gefunnden werden, 3) in gewissen Beben kurz vor dem scharfen P in Vertikalkomponente eine leichte Bewegung getroffen wird.(s. Fig.9) Leider finden diese Tatsachen 1)~3) fur jetzt noch keine genugende Erklarung. Ubrigens zeigten hier die Seismogrammen merkwurdige Bodenunruhe bei Tage besonders in O-W-Komponente. Zwar die Ursache dieser Bodenschwingung die umliegende Sagemuhle(1-9 in Fig.13) ist, gibt es keine direkte Relation zwischen der Periode der Bodenschwingungen und der der Motoren. Die Uberwiegung in O-W-Komponente wurde auch von in N-S betriebenen Muhlen klar erzeugt, und daher mussen wir es zu einer Bodenanisotropie zuschreiben.(s. Fig.14) Freier Fall einer 12 Pfund Kugel von 1m Hohe wurde auf den Boden in der Nahe 2~6m von Seismographen versucht.(s. Fig.15) Amplitudenverkleinerung mit der Herddistanz ist in Fig.16 gezeigt und dort kann man keine obengenannte Anisotropie des Bodens finden. Wenn man die Amplitude y mit Herddistanz x in der Gleichung y=Ax-n e-kx darstellen kann, kann man die Konstanten n und k aus diesem Experiment rechnen.(s. Tabelle II) Z. B. bei Vertikalbewegung sind n zwischen 1 und 1/2, und dies zeigt, dass die Wellenausbreitung wenigstens in diesem Fall sozusagen zwischen die der Oberfiachenwellen und die der Raumwellen ist.
著者
Kawasumi Hirosi
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.3-4, pp.355-367, 1951-03-25

昭和24年12月26日朝8h 16m及8h 25mに栃木縣上都賀郡今市町附近を中心とする小區城破壊的地震が起り,死者8,行方不明2,全潰住家299戸半潰住家618戸の被害を生じた.此の地震の震央附近の震度は極めて強かつたようであるが,振動週期極めて小なりし爲か石藏家屋の外は全潰(現建築費50%以上の損害)とは云へ倒潰と云ふやうなものは少かつた.從つて火事の發生を見なかったのは幸であつた.然し山崩,地辷りは極めて著しく,山地田畑の荒廢著しく,人命の損失の大部分もこれによるものであつた.余震の頻發した事,及び初動の圓錐型分布,及び所謂地震斷層と思はれる如きものの見へなかつた事も本地震の特徴と云ふべく,今市町全體に互る地震後井戸壁の變形から約6mの厚さの地層が東方に約6cm移動した事が判明したが,之は測地學上重要問題を指唆するものである.尚水準測量の結果は今市町近傍數粁の間だけ約30~40cmの隆起があつた由である.震後の火山活動との關係も興味ある問題であらう.
著者
YOKOTA Shun-ichi
出版者
東京大学大学院農学生命科学研究科附属演習林
雑誌
東京大学農学部演習林報告 (ISSN:03716007)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, pp.165-171, 1956

It is natural that butt rot fungi should invade healthy trees through scars on the trunk. Besides, one of the modes of infection and propagation of butt rot was discovered by dissecting in detail decayed butts and roots of Sakhalin fir (Abies sachalinensis MAST.) grown in the natural forest in the Tokyo University Forest, Hokkaido.
著者
小山 順二
出版者
北海道大学大学院理学研究院
雑誌
北海道大学地球物理学研究報告 (ISSN:04393503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, pp.53-68, 2015-03-19

After the 2011 Tohoku-oki megathrust earthquake of Mw 9.0, one of the great concern is whether or not the megathrust earthquake induces large volcanic eruptions and disastrous aftershocks in Japan. There exist 110 active volcanoes in Japan and large eruptions including historical events of each volcano have been compiled in terms of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI; Newhall and Self, 1982) from 0 (Non-explosive) to 8 (Mega-colossal). According to “Volcanoes of the World” by Siebert et al. (2010), we could find 50 eruptions in Japan since 600 A.D. classified as VEI 4 (Large) and 5 ~ (Very Large). Speaking about great earthquakes whose earthquake (moment) magnitude M (Mw) is equal to or larger than 8.0, there occurred 34 times since 684 A.D. in Japan. I have compared the time of occurrences of Large volcanic eruptions and large earthquakes (M>7.5) at first, taking examples of Mt. Fuji, Tokachidake, Hokkaido Komagatake and Sakurajima volcanoes. Since I could not find any systematic correlation between them, I decided to compare all the Large (and Very Large) volcanic eruptions and the great earthquakes (M>8.0) in Japan. In order to develop the quantitative discussion, we need to introduce cross-correlogram analysis (Perkel et al., 1967; Grun, 2009) for these two discrete point-processes. All that I could find was very poor correlation between great earthquakes and Large volcanic eruptions in Japan. It is true that many papers have been showing us the correlation between large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. However, speaking about Large eruptions (not speaking about volcanic disasters), it is not true for the correlation between them. The reason is that some small-scale volcanic activity out of many volcanoes has been activated by great earthquakes almost all the time in the world. Even just after the 2011 Tohoku-oki megathrust, it has been reported that the volcanic activity of about 20 volcanoes in Japan has been enhanced. It is also true that some volcanoes are activated in the present, about 4 years after the megathrust. The evidences should be added, which are the eruptions of Mt. Fuji in 1707 (VEI 5), 49 days after the 1707 Hoei earthquake of M 8.6 and of Bezymianny in Kamchatka in 1956 (VEI 5), 4 years after the 1952 Kamchatka earthquake of Mw 9.2. Both of the volcanoes have spent about 900 ~ 1200 years of quiescence in the volcanic activity. All these would suggest that great earthquakes might induce Large volcanic eruptions nearby, however it is totally dependent on its own potential and preparedness to erupt of each volcano and the earthquakes just play a role of a trigger.
著者
坂本 稔
出版者
国立歴史民俗博物館
雑誌
国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History (ISSN:02867400)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.137, pp.305-315, 2007-03-30

土器の使用に伴って付着した物質は,その炭素14年代が土器の使用年代を示すものと考えられる。その起源物質の推定を目的として,土器付着物の炭素・窒素分析を行った。多くの試料は陸上生物に特徴的な値を示し,炭素14年代について海洋リザーバー効果の影響が少ないことが分かった。一方,東北や北海道では海洋生物に特徴的な値を示す試料の割合が増え,その影響は無視できない。炭素の安定同位体比からは,土器付着物に雑穀類などのC4植物の存在が確認され,また窒素の安定同位体比との相関では,食材を反映する内面と燃料材を反映する外面とに違いが見られた。
著者
Hatori Tokutaro
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.6, pp.1063-1072, 1969-12-20

The wave source of the tsunami generated off West Hokkaido (Shakotan Peninsula), in the Japan Sea, on Aug. 2, 1940 is estimated by means of an inverse refraction diagram, making use of a new bathymetric chart. The source area extends 170km in the NNW-SSE direction, which is smaller than that obtained by Miyabe (1941). However, the dimension estimated by the present analysis is still large for the earthquake magnitude of M=7.0. From a comparison of the geographic distribution of the earthquake intensity with those of the other tsunamigenic earthquakes that occurred in the Japan Sea, the magnitude of this earthquake is investigated. Effective tsunami height observed on the surrounding coasts of the Japan Sea can be explained by the direction of the present source. Magnitude of the tsunami of 1940 seems to be equal to that of the Niigata tsunami of 1964 and is represented as m=2. Besides, the wave source of the tsunami generated off Rumoi, West Hokkaido, on Nov. 4, 1947 is discussed, taking the aftershock area into consideration.|1940年8月2日,北海道積丹沖に起きた津波は日本海全域に伝播し,北海道西岸をはじめソ連の沿海州と北朝詳,隠岐にも家屋,船舶などに被害を与えた,地震の規模Mは,気象庁の地震カタログ(1958)によるとM=7.0, USCGSによるとMG=7.7と示されており,両者の決定値には著しい違いがある.一方,余震は札幌において多数観測され,P-S頻度分布は10 secから33 secの範囲にあつて,余震域の長さは約190kmと推定されている(宇津,1961)
著者
岡田 文弘
出版者
東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部インド哲学仏教学研究室
雑誌
インド哲学仏教学研究 (ISSN:09197907)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, pp.105-117, 2014-03-31

The Dai Nihonkoku Hokekyō Genki (大日本国法華経験記), is an eleventh-century collection of Buddhist tales written by the monk Chingen (鎮源). In this Genki, there are many stories concerning non-human beings (called irui, 異類), and this study is aims to examine how such beings are depicted in this work. Specifically, it focuses on the story of “Iga o kuni hō’on zennan” (伊賀国報恩善男, Episode no. 106). This tale depicts a beggar-monk who by elucidates the fate of a woman had been reborn as a cow, and by doing so, saves her. In this paper, I discuss how non-human beings feature in Genki episode 106, and show how these unique features may have arisen from Chingen’s Lotus Sūtra-inspired thought. Chingen wrote this tale based on one of the stories in the Nihon-ryōiki (日本霊異記, vol. 2, story no. 15) and the Sanbō-ekotoba (三宝絵詞, vol. 2, story no. 11). Furthermore, a version of this story appears later in the Konjaku Monogatari shū (今昔物語集, vol. 14, story no. 13). By comparing these four tales, this research aims to find what elements are original to Chingen’s Genki. For example, we find that Chingen cut out a description of the miraculousness of the Heart Sūtra (Hannya-Shingyō, 般若心経) and replaced it with text in praise of a monk (i.e. zanbun, 賛文), based on a section of the Lotus Sūtra (Hoke-kyō, 法華 経). Next, I considered what meaning these unique aspects of episode 106 of Chingen’s Genki would have had in context, with respect to his specific audience. In other variations of the story, the merit gained from copying the Lotus Sūtra by the son of the woman who had been reborn as cow, is combined with the merit from the hannya darani (般若陀羅尼) said by the monk, and given to the cow. That is to say, the one who is saved (the cow-woman), and the ones who do the salvific act (the monk and the cow-womans son) are depicted in simple contradistinction. However, in the Genki, the monk is regarded to have received the power of the Lotus Sūtra, and advanced from a common human being to a saint, and as a result, both the cowwoman and the monk have come to be arranged in parallel as subjects who receive the Lotus Sūtra’s power. That is to say, in the Genki, the one who does the saving (the monk) and one who is saved (the cow-woman) are not in a simple contradistinction as above, but are dependent on each other for salvation by the power of the Lotus Sūtra. Furthermore, I suggest that the “ten worlds theory” (jūkkai-setsu, 十界説) which Chingen refers to in the preface, is one background factor that may have influenced how these special features of Genki no.106 came about.