著者
重本 心平 堀 一浩 宮島 久 小野 高裕
出版者
一般社団法人 日本老年歯科医学会
雑誌
老年歯科医学 (ISSN:09143866)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.2, pp.106-117, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-10-25)
参考文献数
48

背景:低栄養は入院患者の回復に妨げとなるが,Nutrition Support Team(NST)における歯科医師の貢献の可能性は十分に明らかにされていない。 目的:嚥下障害が疑われる総合病院入院患者の栄養リスク状態に関連する要因を明らかにすること。 方法:2015年4月から2019年4月までに総合病院歯科口腔外科に嚥下障害の疑いで紹介された同院入院中の患者を対象とした。Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index(GNRI)を用いて,栄養リスク中等度/高度群(GNRI<92)となし/軽度群の2群(GNRI≧92)に分類し,残存歯/義歯による咬合支持域,義歯使用の有無,最大舌圧,咀嚼能力,反復唾液嚥下テスト,改訂水飲みテスト,嚥下内視鏡検査による兵頭スコア,意識レベル,食形態レベルとの関連について検討した。 結果:315名中285名が栄養リスク中等度/高度群と判定され,栄養リスクなし/軽度群と比べて有意に年齢が高く,女性が多く,義歯を使用していない者が多く,義歯を含めた咬合支持域は有意に少なく,咀嚼能率スコアと兵頭スコアも有意に低かった。また,常食摂取群では他の食形態群に比較してGNRIが有意に高かった。二項ロジスティック回帰分析の結果,低栄養状態と関連する項目は,年齢,非経口摂取,兵頭スコアであった。 結論:嚥下障害が疑われる総合病院入院患者の低栄養リスクにかかわる因子がわかり,そのなかに口腔に関する要因が含まれていた。
著者
森 美穂子 堤 明純 高木 勝 重本 亨 三橋 睦子 石井 敦子 名切 信 五嶋 佳子 石竹 達也
出版者
公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会
雑誌
産業衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:13410725)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.3, pp.113-118, 2005 (Released:2006-01-05)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1 1

交代勤務経験の有無と退職後の生活の質,特に睡眠の質との関連性を明らかにするために,ある製造会社の退職者777名を対象に質問紙調査を行った.質問内容は,既往歴,現在の健康状態,食習慣,アルコール,喫煙,運動,睡眠,在職中の勤務状況(職種,交代勤務経験,交代勤務経験年数,副業),現在の就業状況,社会参加,学歴,性別,年齢,退職後の年数であった.「現在の健康状態(オッズ比4.318,95%信頼区間2.475-7.534)」「交代勤務経験(2.190,1.211-3.953)」「現在の就業状況(1.913,1.155-3.167)」「食習慣(1.653,1.055-2.591)」が多変量解析によって退職後の睡眠障害と有意に関連した.退職後の睡眠障害を防ぐには正しいライフスタイル,良好な健康状態を保つことが,特に交代勤務経験者において大切である.
著者
Kentaro Shoji Masao Yamasaki Hisato Kunitake
出版者
Japan Oil Chemists' Society
雑誌
Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.2, pp.143-151, 2020 (Released:2020-02-05)
参考文献数
48
被引用文献数
3

Prevention of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is an important consideration for reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. While blueberry fruits have been reported to ameliorate lipid metabolism in humans, there are only few research reports on the effects of blueberry leaves (BL). Here, we investigated the efficacy of BL on postprandial hyperlipidemia in subjects with high fasting triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations. Randomized, double-blind, cross-over design study was conducted. The subjects consumed a BL containing beverage or a placebo beverage before a fat-enriched test meal. Blood samples were collected prior to and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours after consuming the test beverage. The postprandial serum TG and remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) concentrations were significantly lower in the BL beverage compared with those in the placebo beverage. Additionally, BL was more effective in subjects with high fasting ghrelin with gastric emptying function. In current study, fasting ghrelin correlated with the increase in postprandial serum TG, suggesting that BL ameliorates hypertriglyceridemia through delayed gastric emptying. In conclusion, this pilot study suggests that BL may be useful as an early dietary therapy for treating postprandial hyperlipidemia.
著者
田口 誠一
出版者
学校法人 尚絅学園 尚絅大学研究紀要編集部会
雑誌
尚絅大学研究紀要 A.人文・社会科学編 (ISSN:21875235)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, pp.15-27, 2014-03-31 (Released:2019-02-06)

ボクシング選手が登場する作品を書いたアメリカ作家には,ジャック・ロンドンやリング・ラードナー,アーネスト・ヘミングウェイなどがいる。この論文では3名の作家のそれぞれの短編小説である「一切れのビフテキ」,「チャンピオン」そして「5万ドル」を中心に取り上げ,ボクシングが題材としてどのように扱われているかを考察する。
著者
北野 尚美 李 錦純 中村 安秀
出版者
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, pp.18032, 2019 (Released:2019-04-19)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
1

In this study, we examined the changes in the demographic characteristics of foreign residents in Japan (FRJ) and the current status of FRJ from a global health perspective. We also considered child maltreatment that occurred in FRJ families and language problems in child welfare. Japan’s official statistics in the end of 2017 indicated that there were more than 2.56 million FRJ from over 190 countries. This population was diverse with heterogeneous characteristics, such as age structure, dwelling place, marital status, and childbirth. At the end of 2017, there were 219,982 FRJ children aged 0–14 of various nationalities, including Chinese, Brazilian, South Korean, North Korean, Filipino, Vietnamese, Peruvian, Nepalese, and Indian. In 2010, we conducted our first survey of child maltreatment in FRJ families, targeting 219 child protection centers across Japan. Between April 2007 and August 2010, 1,639 child maltreatment cases were reported from 56% of these centers. Details of 1,111 cases were collected and descriptive analyses were conducted. The male-to-female ratio was 0.88 and the median age was 8 years: however, the age distribution showed that females were significantly older than males (P < 0.01). The proportions of physical abuse, child neglect, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse were 38%, 33%, 21%, and 7%, respectively. Native language problems created numerous challenges and required a large amount of effort from child welfare practitioners. However, most solutions to identified problems were still at the beginning stage and some were found to be ineffective. More interdisciplinary and integrated researches are needed targeting child welfare of FRJ. An ethical framework for good counseling practices should be developed.

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出版者
デジタルアーカイブ学会
雑誌
デジタルアーカイブ学会誌 (ISSN:24329762)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.4, pp.377-378, 2020-10-01 (Released:2020-11-16)
著者
遠藤 翼 濱田 陽人
出版者
デジタルアーカイブ学会
雑誌
デジタルアーカイブ学会誌 (ISSN:24329762)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.4, pp.373-376, 2020-10-01 (Released:2020-11-16)
参考文献数
3

スポーツ庁においては、東京2020オリンピック競技大会・パラリンピック競技大会を契機として「スポーツ・デジタルアーカイブ・ネットワーク構想事業」を展開している。本論においては、同事業の実施に至る閣議決定や有識者会議等の経緯、スポーツ・デジタルアーカイブを推進する意義、我が国におけるスポーツ・デジタルアーカイブの現状と課題、同課題を踏まえた「スポーツ・デジタルアーカイブ・ネットワーク」の構築に向けた事業の取組みについてまとめている。
著者
村田 良二
出版者
デジタルアーカイブ学会
雑誌
デジタルアーカイブ学会誌 (ISSN:24329762)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.4, pp.338-341, 2020-10-01 (Released:2020-11-16)
参考文献数
6

国立文化財機構が運用する博物館所蔵品データベース「ColBase」は、デジタルアーカイブのポータル「ジャパンサーチ」と連携し、データを提供している。本稿ではまず「ColBase」開発の経緯と概要について、ライセンスの扱いや各博物館のデータベースとの連動に触れつつ紹介する。「ColBase」で実施してきた他機関との連携につづいて、「ジャパンサーチ」との連携について詳しく説明する。最近実施した「ColBase」リニューアルに際して生じた問題を検討したあと、今後の課題と期待を述べる。
著者
根本 紀子 佐藤 啓造 藤城 雅也 西田 幸典 上島 実佳子 米山 裕子 渡邉 義隆 佐藤 淳一 栗原 竜也 長谷川 智華 浅見 昇吾
出版者
昭和大学学士会
雑誌
昭和学士会雑誌 (ISSN:2187719X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, no.5, pp.615-632, 2016 (Released:2017-03-16)
参考文献数
24

不妊治療を含めた生殖に関わる医療を生殖補助医療(assisted reproductive technology:ART)と呼ぶ.第三者が関わるART〔非配偶者間人工授精(artificial insemination with donor's semen:AID),卵子提供,代理出産など〕には種々の医学的,社会的,倫理的問題を伴うものの,規制もないままなしくずし的に行われつつある.第三者の関わるARTについて国民の意識調査を実施した報告は少数あるが,大学生の意識調査を行った研究は見当たらない.本研究ではある程度の医学知識のある昭和大学医学部生と一般学生である上智大生を対象として第三者が関わるARTに対する意識調査を行った.アンケートに答えなくても何ら不利益を被ることのないことを保証したうえでアンケート調査を行ったところ,医学部生235名,上智大生336名より回答を得た(有効回収率94.5%).統計解析は両集団で目的とする選択肢を選択した人数の比率の差をχ二乗検定またはFisherの直接確立法検定で評価し,P<0.05を有意水準とした.第三者の関わるARTの例としてAID,卵子提供,ホストマザー型(体外受精型)代理出産,サロゲートマザー型(人工授精型)代理出産を取り上げ,その是非を尋ねたところ,医学生と一般学生で有意差は認められなかったものの,前3者については両群とも70%以上の学生が肯定的な意見を示したのに対し,サロゲートマザー型代理出産については両群とも40%以上の学生が否定的な意見を示した.「自身の配偶子の提供を求められた場合」と「自身あるいは配偶者が代理出産を依頼された場合」の是非については有意に医学生の方が一般学生より抵抗感は少なかった.1999年の一般国民を対象とした第三者の関わるARTについての意識調査では7割から8割の国民が否定的な意見を述べたことに注目すると,この十数年間で第三者の関わるARTについての一般国民の考え方も技術の進歩と普及に伴い,かなり変化したといえる.今回,これからARTを受けることになる可能性のある若い世代に対する意識調査でAID,卵子提供,ホストマザー型代理出産について肯定的な意見が多数を占めたことは注目すべき結果といえる.本稿では上記三つのARTはドナーや代理母の安全を確保したうえで法整備を進めるべきであると提言したい.また,サロゲートマザー型代理出産は代理母に感染などの危険があるうえ,社会的,倫理的問題を多く伴うので,規制することも視野に入れたうえで法整備を進めるべきと考える.なお,第三者の関わるARTの実施に当たってはARTに直接関与しない専門医によりARTを受ける夫婦およびドナー,代理母に対し,利点,欠点,危険性が十分説明されたうえで当事者の真摯な同意を法的資格を有するコーディネーターが確認したうえでの実施が望まれる.ARTに関する法律が存在しない現在,医学的,倫理的,法的,社会的に十分な議論をしたうえでの一日も早い法整備,制度作りが望まれる.
著者
生貝 直人
出版者
国公私立大学図書館協力委員会
雑誌
大学図書館研究 (ISSN:03860507)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.104, pp.11-18, 2016-11-28 (Released:2017-09-15)

本稿では、デジタルアーカイブに関わる近年の法政策動向と、それが図書館をはじめとする文化施設の活動に与える影響を理解することを目的として、まず国内外におけるデジタルアーカイブの法政策の状況、特に統合ポータルの構築に向けた各国の施策を紹介し、次に2015年度に文化庁で行われたデジタルアーカイブ促進のための著作権制度の見直し(図書館複製、孤児作品問題対策、紹介・解説のための利用等)を検討し、最後に今後の課題としての書籍等資料の全文検索サービスのあり方について論じる。
著者
飯島 重孝 岡崎 清市
出版者
日本測地学会
雑誌
測地学会誌 (ISSN:00380830)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.3-4, pp.126-134, 1963-03-31 (Released:2011-07-05)
参考文献数
17

Variations in the rate of rotation of the Earth are determined from the comparison of the mean UT1 against an atomic time scale for the period of 7 years from 1956 to 1962. The mean UT1 is that obtained from the weighted mean of the data of eleven observatories which have kept good time observations for the period from 1955.5 to 61.5, and for-the remainning period from 1961.5 to 62.9 only the data of the Tokyo UT1 is used instead Corrections for the longitude variation which are used to obtain the true UT1 are calcu-lated from the instantaneous pole's coordinates of the Earth determined by the same authors solely from the time observation data. While, the atomic time scale is principally based on cesium frequency standards at the N. P. L. (England) and the N. R. L. (U. S. A.). As a result of this comparison correction for the seasonal variation in the rate of rotation of the Earth is separated as follows, where t is the fractions of year. As for the residual variations the general aspect of the clock-face of the “Earth Clock” may be represented by five pieces of straight lines with different inclinations for the fractional periods, 1956.057.2 (-115 × 10-10), 1957.2-58.5 (-165 × 10-10), 1958.5-60.4 (-150 × 10-10), 1960.4-62.3 (-130 × 10-10) and 1962.3- (-155 × 10-10 ?). In these residual variations, moreover, the existence of a periodic term of some 5.5 years is plausible, although it is not yet definite.
著者
宮本 硬一
出版者
The Society of Agricultural Meteorology of Japan
雑誌
農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.4, pp.147-152, 1958-05-31 (Released:2010-02-25)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
1 1

The auther classified in the previous paper the paddy fields in the Shichigashuku Village, Miyagi Prefecture from the standpoint of the temperature of irrigation water into the following four groups:paddy area irrigated with water of low temperature (Max. water temp. below 20°C on Aug. 18)do. of semi-low temperature (Max. 20-23°C on Aug. 18)do. of medium temperature (Max. 23-25°C on Aug. 18)do. of high temperature (Max. over 25°C on Aug. 18)In each area, the representative paddy fields irrigated continuously with water or respective temperature were selected and the growth and yield of rice-plant therein were observed in relation to the water temperature. The results obtained were described and discussed in this paper.(1) In each paddy field of all the area, the growth and yield of rice increased as the distance from the inlet of water became larger, just same as the temperature of water rose. But the ratio of the increase became less, so that the correlation curve between the increase of growth or yield and the distance from the inlet was parabolic, not linear.(2) On the growth and yield of rice, the area of high water temperature predominated particularly over the other three. From the point of temperature, water of below 20°C gave serious cold injury to the plant and made almost all of spikelets sterile. The plant was also affected considerably by the water of 20 to 25°C, and especially the temperature of 20 to 22°C was distinguished with the remarkable falling down of the grouth and yield. Incidentally, it was conseivable that that this extent of water temperature would be critical to the growth of rice-plant. On the other hand, water of over 26°C influenced very little and that of over 28°C wo uldnt be troubled about the injurious effect to the plant under somewhat bad climatic conditions.(3) The fertility of heads was also affected by the temperature of water irrigated. Dividing all the kernels into complete grains (wholly ripened) and incomplete ones (the others), the number or percentage of the former was increased in proportion to the distance from the inlet with just same patterns as mentioned in (1), and the tendency was particularly distinct in the area of low water temperature.And besides, the ripening appearences in corresponding parts, for instance, water inlet of fields in each area were related with the water temperature; say, excellent in the the high temperature area and in turn.On the contrary, the incomplete grains did not show so distinct tendency as the complete ones.(4) Water temperature influenced differently on each tillering of the plant. By a certain degree of low temperature the main culm was injured the least; the higher the order of the tillering, the more the cold injury, general.At the part of fields where water temperature was about 25°C, heads of both main culm and 1st-ordered tillers had almost same fertillity. Where it was about 24°C, heads of main culm had almost all of complete grains and a little of incomplete ones, while those of 1st-ordered tillers had about half of complete and incomplete grains. Below 23°C, the majority of grains remained to ripen incompletely.(5) The above-mentioned results of field observations on the relation between the water temperature and the growth or yield of riceplant seemed to concur with many results of laborateory experiment already reported.
著者
市川 宏 武田 道夫 瀬口 忠男 岡村 清人
出版者
公益社団法人 日本金属学会
雑誌
まてりあ (ISSN:13402625)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.2, pp.190-192, 2000-02-20 (Released:2011-08-11)
参考文献数
4
被引用文献数
3
著者
Yasuichi Nakayama Yasushi Kuno Hiroyasu Kakuda
出版者
Information Processing Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Information Processing (ISSN:18826652)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, pp.733-743, 2020 (Released:2020-11-15)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
1

There is a great need to evaluate and/or test programming performance. For this purpose, two schemes have been used. Constructed response (CR) tests let the examinee write programs on a blank sheet (or with a computer keyboard). This scheme can evaluate the programming performance. However, it is difficult to apply in a large volume because skilled human graders are required (automatic evaluation is attempted but not widely used yet). Multiple choice (MC) tests let the examinee choose the correct answer from a list (often corresponding to the “hidden” portion of a complete program). This scheme can be used in a large volume with computer-based testing or mark-sense cards. However, many teachers and researchers are suspicious in that a good score does not necessarily mean the ability to write programs from scratch. We propose a third method, split-paper (SP) testing. Our scheme splits a correct program into each of its lines, shuffles the lines, adds “wrong answer” lines, and prepends them with choice symbols. The examinee answers by using a list of choice symbols corresponding to the correct program, which can be easily graded automatically by using computers. In particular, we propose the use of edit distance (Levenshtein distance) in the scoring scheme, which seems to have affinity with the SP scheme. The research question is whether SP tests scored by using an edit-distance-based scoring scheme measure programming performance as do CR tests. Therefore, we conducted an experiment by using college programming classes with 60 students to compare SP tests against CR tests. As a result, SP and CR test scores are correlated for multiple settings, and the results were statistically significant. Therefore, we might conclude that SP tests with automatic scoring using edit distance are useful tools for evaluating the programming performance.
著者
藤野 直樹 小林 哲夫
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本火山学会
雑誌
火山 (ISSN:04534360)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.3, pp.195-211, 1997-06-30 (Released:2017-03-20)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
3

Kaimondake Volcano, situated in the Ibusuki Volcanic Region of southern Kyushu, is an undissected volcano which consists of a basal stratovolcano and a small central volcano. We established the eruptive history of this volcano by tephrochronology. Kaimondake Volcano started its eruption ca. 4 ka, and the latest eruption occurred in A. D. 885 (ca. 1.1ka). For about 2,900 years during this period, the volcano had been active, and 12 major eruption deposits (Km 1-Km 12) were recognized. The repose periods between these eruptions were estimated to range from 100 to 400 years. The mode of eruption of this volcano was mainly scoriaceous sub-plinian type, and was frequently associated with phreatomagmatic eruptions because the volcano originated from the shallow sea or near-shore environment. Lava flows were often associated with the scoria eruptions. Submarine lava flows which flowed southeastward are topographically divided into three; among them the lowest one is the most voluminous and is thought to have flowed out in the early stage, probably before Km6 eruption period. Among the 12 major eruption deposits, Km1, Km9 (ca. 2 ka), Km11 (ca. 1.5 ka), and Km12 (ca. 1.1 ka) were voluminous, and largely contributed to the formation of the volcanic edifice. During the latest eruption (Km 12), a central volcano was formed in the summit crater. This central volcano is not a simple lava dome, but a mound of complex volcanic materials with a composite structure. It consists of a basal scoria cone associated with fluid lava flows, which is later capped by viscous lava dome, and then subsequently penetrated by volcanic plug around the summit. The summit crater, which is named Hachikubo, had been thought to be a collapse crater, but it was geologically proved to be a large explosion crater which was successively enlarged during the eruption of Km12a. The total amount of volcanic products was calculated to be 3.1 km3 and 2.3 km3 for tephra and lava flows, respectively. Although there are no systematic relations between eruption volumes and the preceding repose period, the eruption materials containing tephra were more voluminous in the later stage than in the early stage, while those of lava flows were exceptionally large in the early stage of volcanic history.