著者

池岡 博之 大橋 淑宏 丸岡 健一 古下 博之 中井 義明 小野山 靖人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.11, pp.1562-1566, 1985-11-20 (Released:2008-03-19)

参考文献数

21

---

In order to examine the effects of irradiation on the nasal epithelium, rabbits received 200kV hard X-ray irradiation at 3, 000 rad to their nasal septum. The nasal mucosa after the irradiation was examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy in a time-course manner. Immediately after the irradiation, few morphological changes were observed on the nasal epithelium with scanning electron microscopy, while transmission electron microscopy disclosed some morphological changes such as vacuolation and ballooning of epithelial cells, and enlargement of intercellular space. 2 weeks after the irradiation, sporadically affected changes were observed. The affected signs of the epithelial cells were observed at the wider area according to the course of time after the irradiation. 4 weeks after the irradiation, stratified arrangement of non-ciliated cells or undifferentiated cells were noted in an extensive area of the nasal mucosa 8 weeks after the irradiation, the nasal epithelium were chiefly consisted of undifferentiated cells. Accordingly, the following conclusions were derived from the present investigation; 1) Irradiation affected the nasal ciliary epithelium. 2) The damage of the nasal epithelium by irradiation was not recovered easily.

著者

森 俊男 細谷 聡 松尾 牧則

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.67-68, 1988-11-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

3

著者

冲永 壯治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本老年医学会

雑誌

日本老年医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03009173)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.82-83, 2013 (Released:2013-08-06)

参考文献数

9

著者

Fumi Tatsuzawa Kenjiro Toki Yuko Ohtani Kazuhisa Kato Norio Saito Toshio Honda Masahiro Mii

出版者

園芸学会

雑誌

Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science (ISSN:18823351)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CH-100, (Released:2014-04-26)

被引用文献数

2 7

---

Two anthocyanins (pigments 1 and 2) were detected from the blue flowers of Nemophila menziesii ‘Insignis blue’ and the purple flowers of its variants as the main floral anthocyanins. These two anthocyanins were isolated from the blue flowers and elucidated to be petunidin 3-O-[6-O-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[6-O-(malonyl)-β-glucopyranoside] (1) and petunidin 3-O-[6-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[6-O-(malonyl)-β-glucopyranoside] (2), respectively, by chemical and spectroscopic means, and pigment 1 was confirmed as a new anthocyanin in plants. Two flavonol glycosides (pigments 3 and 5) and two flavone glycosides (pigments 4 and 6) were also isolated from the blue flowers, and were identified to be kaempferol 3-(6-rhamnosyl)-glucoside-7-glucoside (3), apigenin 7,4′-di-glucoside (4), kaempferol 3-(2,6-di-rhamnosyl)-glucoside (5), and apigenin 7-glucoside-4′-(6-malonyl)-glucoside (6) as major flavonoids. Among these four flavonoids, however, pigments 4 and 6 (flavones) were not detected in the purple flowers. These results might be attributed to color production in blue and purple flowers.

著者

須田 耕樹 上野 健一

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.1, pp.35-47, 2014-02-25 (Released:2014-03-07)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 6

---

The distribution of weather divides in Japanese winters was identified using 30-year data of the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Two kinds of weather divide were defined, one is a cloudy weather divide (CWD) determined by the high-frequency grids of large gradients in the sunshine duration distribution, and the other is a precipitation area border (PAB) where the edge of daily precipitation areas frequently appeared. The CWD appeared continuously in eastern Japan along the Pacific backbone ranges, but it was discontinuous in the central mountain ranges and western Japan. The CWD also appeared in Pacific coastal areas, such as east of Kamikouchi, south of the Kii Peninsula, and southeast of Shikoku Sanchi. The PAB overlapped with the CWD distribution in eastern Japan, and it was enhanced throughout the Sekigahara-Tamba Kochi and Chugoku Sanchi areas, but the CWD in pacific coastal areas was not associated with the PAB. Most of the weather divides were caused by the winter monsoon pressure pattern, and some PABs in northwestern Tohoku and Hokkaido areas occurred with passing pacific coastal extratropical cyclones. The distribution of the weather divides in cold-winter years was dependent on the dominance of Satoyuki/Yamayuki weather patterns, and weather divides became unclear in warm winters.

著者

Dennis V. UMALI Hiroshi ITO Hiromitsu KATOH Toshihiro ITO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.3, pp.423-430, 2014 (Released:2014-04-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

6 17

---

Relatively little is known about the distribution of avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) among wild birds in Japan. Surveillance of APMV in migratory waterfowl was conducted in the San-in region of western Japan during winters of 2006 to 2012. A total of 16 avian paramyxoviruses consisting of 3 lentogenic Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), 12 APMV-4 and 1 APMV-8 were isolated from 1,967 wild-bird fecal samples. The results show that NDV and APMV-4 are relatively widely distributed among wild waterfowl that migrate to Japan from northern regions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that there was no genetic relationship between the isolates from wild birds and domestic poultry in Japan. However, surveillance of APMVs in wild waterfowl needs to be conducted due to the pathogenic potential of these isolates in domestic poultry.

著者

Jiale FU Feng PAN Shinichi KAKUDA Sharanbir K SIDHU Takatsumi IKEDA Yasuko NAKAOKI Denis SELIMOVIC Hidehiko SANO

出版者

日本歯科理工学会

雑誌

Dental Materials Journal (ISSN:02874547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.1075-1081, 2012-11-30 (Released:2012-12-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 13

---

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of air-blowing duration on the bonding performance of all-in-one systems using the same pressure (0.25 MPa). Three all-in-one systems were: EB (Easy Bond, 3M ESPE, USA), BB (BeautiBond, Shofu Inc., Japan) and GBp (G-Bond plus, GC Corporation, Japan). After adhesive application, the 3 systems were air-blown thereafter using 7 different durations (5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 20 s, 25 s, 30 s and 35 s). Bond strengths to dentin were determined using µTBS test after 24 h water storage. In addition, evaluation of both the resin-dentin interface and the fractured surface on the dentin side were performed by SEM. The maximum µTBS for each system, BB (40.4±14.8 MPa), EB (79.8±16.5 MPa), and GBp (47.3±17.6 MPa), were recorded with 15 s, 15 s and 25 s air-blowing duration respectively. Under the same air-pressure, the air-blowing duration could affect evaporation and the thickness of the adhesive layer, which contributed to the different bond strengths.

著者

Kazuhide NAKAGAKI Yuka NUNOMURA Kanji UCHIDA Koh NAKATA Ryushi TAZAWA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0056, (Released:2014-05-15)

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine, sharing a common beta subunit (CDw131) with interleukins 3 and 5. GM-CSF is important for its direct and indirect involvement in host defense. In veterinary medicine, human (h) GM-CSF has been used as a substitute for canine GM-CSF to stimulate canine granulocytes and macrophages. In this study, we compared the effects of three distinct hGM-CSFs produced by bacteria, yeasts and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with those of Escherichia(E)coli-produced canine GM-CSF on the cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b) expression in canine granulocytes. The median effective dose (ED50) of hGM-CSFs from bacteria, yeasts, and CHO cells was 3.09, 4.09 and 4.27 ng/ml, respectively, with no significant difference among three. In contrast, a significant difference was observed between ED50 of canine GM-CSF (0.56 ng/ml) and three hGM-CSFs according to the paired t-test (P<0.05). We conclude that hGM-CSF can activate canine granulocytes, but the average activity of the three rhGM-CSFs was approximately 15% of that of canine GM-CSF.

著者

Shingo MAEDA Koichi OHNO Kazuyuki UCHIDA Hirotaka IGARASHI Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO Yasuhito FUJINO Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0060, (Released:2014-05-15)

被引用文献数

7 19

---

Serine proteases elicit cellular responses via protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) which is known to regulate inflammation and the immune response. Although the gastrointestinal tract is exposed to large amounts of proteolytic enzymes, the role of PAR-2 in canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PAR-2 activation on inflammatory cytokine/chemokine gene expression in canine intestine and the expression of intestinal PAR-2 and fecal serine protease activity in dogs with IBD. Duodenal biopsies from healthy dogs were cultured and treated ex vivo with trypsin or PAR-2 agonist peptide, and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine gene expression in the tissues was then quantified by real-time PCR. PAR-2 mRNA and protein expression levels in the duodenal mucosa were examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Fecal serine protease activity was determined by azocasein assay. In ex vivo-cultured duodenum, trypsin and PAR-2 agonist peptide induced significant up-regulation of mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), IL-8, mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC) and fractalkine, and this up-regulation was inhibited by a serine protease inhibitor. Duodenal PAR-2 mRNA and protein expression levels were higher in dogs with IBD than in healthy control dogs. Fecal serine protease activity was significantly elevated in dogs with IBD, and the level of activity correlated positively with the clinical severity score. These results suggest that PAR-2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of canine IBD by inducing expression of inflammatory mediators in response to luminal serine proteases.

著者

Satoshi NOZAWA Hitomi ODA Ran AKIYAMA Kaori UEDA Kaori SAEKI Saori SHONO Natsuki MARUYAMA Atsuki MURATA Hiroyuki TAZAKI Akihiro MORI Yutaka MOMOTA Daigo AZAKAMI Toshinori SAKO Katsumi ISHIOKA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0033, (Released:2014-05-15)

被引用文献数

2 5

---

Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is a common endocrine disorder in dogs, in which excess glucocorticoid causes insulin resistance. Disturbance of insulin action may be caused by multiple factors, including transcriptional modulation of insulin signal molecules which lie downstream of insulin binding to insulin receptors. In this study, gene expressions of insulin signal molecules were examined using neutrophils of the HAC dogs (the untreated dogs and the dogs which had been treated with trilostane). Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), protein kinase B/Akt kinase (Akt)-2 and protein kinase C (PKC)-lambda were analyzed in the HAC dogs and compared with those from normal dogs. The IRS-1 gene expressions decreased by 37% and 35% of the control dogs in the untreated and treated groups, respectively. The IRS-2 gene expressions decreased by 61% and 72%, the PI3-K gene expressions decreased by 47% and 55% and the Akt-2 gene expressions decreased by 45% and 56% of the control dogs, similarly. Collectively, gene expressions of insulin signal molecules are suppressed in the HAC dogs, which may partially contribute to the induction of insulin resistance.

著者

Chadwick John Green Palina de Dauwe Terry Boyle Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaei Lin Fritschi Jane Shirley Heyworth

出版者

日本疫学会

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.146-153, 2014-03-05 (Released:2014-03-05)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

7 32

---

Background: Data regarding the effects of tea, coffee, and milk on the risk of colorectal cancer are inconsistent. We investigated associations of tea, coffee, and milk consumption with colorectal cancer risk and attempted to determine if these exposures were differentially associated with the risks of proximal colon, distal colon, and rectal cancers.Methods: Data from 854 incident cases and 948 controls were analyzed in a case-control study of colorectal cancer in Western Australia during 2005–07. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of black tea (with and without milk), green tea, herbal tea, hot coffee, iced coffee, and milk with colorectal cancer.Results: Consumption of 1 or more cups of herbal tea per week was associated with a significantly decreased risk of distal colon cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16–0.82; PTrend = 0.044), and consumption of 1 or more cups of iced coffee per week was associated with increased risk of rectal cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.91–2.54; PTrend = 0.004). Neither herbal tea nor iced coffee was associated with the risk of proximal colon cancer. Hot coffee was associated with a possible increased risk of distal colon cancer. Black tea (with or without milk), green tea, decaffeinated coffee, and milk were not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk.Conclusions: Consumption of herbal tea was associated with reduced risk of distal colon cancer, and consumption of iced coffee was associated with increased rectal cancer risk.

著者

座長:吉田 尚弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.116, no.4, pp.570-571, 2013-04-20 (Released:2013-08-06)

著者

七海 絵里香 森崎 翔太 大澤 啓志

出版者

日本緑化工学会

雑誌

日本緑化工学会誌 (ISSN:09167439)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.74-79, 2013 (Released:2014-04-02)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 2

---

資料の少ない古代~中世の緑化文化を検討するため,主な和歌集に詠まれている植物および植物に対する行為を分析した。その結果,万葉集および第1~8集の勅撰和歌集の中で植物は計4,171首,植物に対する行為は計1,449首詠まれていた。時代区分毎にそれぞれ割合を求めたところ,奈良時代から平安時代にかけて,詠まれた植物の嗜好がハギからサクラに転換していた。緑化に関わる行為としては,植栽として「植える」「蒔く」「刺す (挿し木) 」,植生管理として「刈る」「伐る」「抜く」「焚く・焼く」「切る」が認められた。また,奈良時代には植物との多様な関わりが存在していたが,それ以降の時代では植栽という行為に対して意識が薄れていったことが示された。

著者

百鬼 史訓 金 正幸 W. J. シナルスキー 大保木 輝雄 アレキサンダー・ ベネット

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.213-241, 2013-03-29 (Released:2014-04-04)

参考文献数

41

著者

中川 恵正 新谷 敬介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.23-33, 1996-03-30 (Released:2013-02-19)

参考文献数

13

---

The present study investigated which factors facilitated solving arithmetic word problems in fifth graders by comparing five training techniques: (1) Self controlinterpretation training(SCI) that was to acquire both the self regulated uses of solving skill and strategy and the self control ability of evaluating one's own solving process, correcting it and interpretating it to others; (2) Blind training(BT) expected to enhance the awareness of solving skill and strategy; (3) Error finding training (EF) that was to monitor the other's solving process; (4) Ordinary teaching training(C) used in a public elementary school, and (5) 30-SCI training(30-SCI) that children had been given the SCI training for 30 hours before the basic learning had begun. In Experiment 1, fifth graders were trained under a given condition for three hours and then given four posttests. Group 30-SCI did better performance on each posttest than the 4 other groups. Group SCI also did better performance on posttests 1, 2, and 3 than Group BT. Experiment 2 using four training techniques confirmed the superiority of the SCI technique to the others found in Experiment 1 in third graders.

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.104-107, 1976-01-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

Hiroyuki Ariyasu Hiroshi Iwakura Naoichiro Yukawa Toshinori Murayama Masayuki Yokode Harue Tada Kenichi Yoshimura Satoshi Teramukai Tatsuya Ito Akira Shimizu Atsushi Yonezawa Kenji Kangawa Tsuneyo Mimori Takashi Akamizu

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ14-0088, (Released:2014-04-17)

被引用文献数

6 20

---

The majority of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement, but therapies using prokinetic agents are usually unsatisfactory. Ghrelin stimulates gastric motility in healthy human volunteers. In this study, we investigated whether ghrelin could improve gastric emptying in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms due to SSc. The study was performed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover fashion on two occasions. Ten SSc patients with GI tract involvement received an infusion of either ghrelin (5.0 μg/kg) or saline, and gastric emptying rate was evaluated by 13C-acetic acid breath test. Gastric emptying was significantly accelerated by ghrelin infusion in patients with SSc (ghrelin vs. saline: 43.3 ± 11.4 min vs. 53.4 ± 5.4 min, P≡0.03). No serious adverse effects were observed. Our results suggest that ghrelin might represent a new therapeutic approach for GI tract involvement in patients with SSc.

著者

依藤 光代 松村 暢彦 澤田 廉路

出版者

公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会

雑誌

都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.3, pp.487-492, 2011-10-25 (Released:2011-11-01)

参考文献数

10

---

地方都市の商店街ではにぎわいを喪失しており、商業の活性化が課題となっている。長期間にわたる商店街活性化に関する活動や組織の変化を追跡するだけではなく、まちづくりの担い手間の関係に着目することにより、まちづくり活動の担い手の継承の要因について考察した結果、次のように考えられた。(1)1993年以降、担い手となるセクターは、行政組織、地元市民組織、新規市民組織、広域市民組織の順に変遷してきた。(2)担い手が継承されるための要因は、地縁・志縁の担い手間のネットワークや、問題意識および課題解決の方向性が担い手間で共有されること、課題を解決するためのスキルを担い手が提供できること、活動の場としての組織の存続が担保されていること、の4つが考えられた。共通して重要であるのは、志縁の関係が行われるような、実践的な活動が積み重ねられることである。

著者

谷口 綾子 香川 太郎 藤井 聡

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

土木学会論文集D (ISSN:18806058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3, pp.329-335, 2009 (Released:2009-08-20)

参考文献数

11

---

本研究では,都市の中心市街地の商店街において,自動車との接触が歩行者の心理状態に否定的な影響を与えているであろうとの仮説を措定し,その仮説を検証するため,東京都目黒区自由ヶ丘商店街を対象に,歩行者の街路歩行に対する主観的評価と自動車からの物理的干渉を測定する調査を行った.歩行者の主観的評価の指標として「歩きやすさ」「雰囲気のよさ」「楽しさ」の3指標を用い,これらを自動車流入規制のある時間帯と無い時間帯で比較を行うとともに,共分散構造分析による因果構造分析を行った結果,歩行者が自動車から何らかの干渉を受けると,上記3指標が有意に低下することが統計的に示された.これらより,歩行空間への自動車の流入は,歩行者の意識に否定的な影響を及ぼすことが示唆された.

著者

藤山 英樹

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.109-119, 2009-05-25 (Released:2010-01-08)

参考文献数

13

---

本稿では、温泉地域の中心的な組織である旅館に注目し、「地域の異質性および規模」と「地域公共活動」との関係について実証分析をした。「地域公共活動」については、より具体的には、「自治活動」、「旅館組合活動」および「祭り関連の活動」を取り上げた。 調査地域は、長野・山形・群馬・新潟の4県であり、対象は10軒以上の宿泊施設で構成されている旅館組合に加盟している全ての宿泊施設である。有効回答率は51.4%であった。 推定結果から、第1に地域の異質性は自治活動に負の相関があり、第2に地域の規模は組合活動に負の相関があることが示された。解釈は以下の通りである:自治活動といった目的がより漠然とした活動においては、地域の異質性に起因するコミュニケーションコストの高さが大きな影響を与える。他方、組合活動のような目的が決まっている活動では、コミュニケーションコストの効果は小さくなり、公共財としての性質が強くなり、より規模の大きい組織でより多くのフリーライドが生まれる。