著者

郝 暁卿

出版者

福岡県立大学

雑誌

福岡県立大学人間社会学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of Integrated Human Studies and Social Sciences, Fukuoka Prefectural University (ISSN:13490230)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.13-27, 2008-07-31

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中国医療システムには中医学、現代医学、中西医結合医学という三つの流れと医療が存在する。本稿は「中医学、ウイグル医学、日本の代替医療の医療人類学的比較研究―リサーチプランのための基礎研究―」のプロジェクトの一部として、中西医結合医学を中心に、その歴史と成果および問題点を述べたものである。結論として、中西医結合医学の実践は現代医学の衝撃を受けながら中医学の存続が激しく議論され、中医学の医学関係者と擁護者たちが絶え間ない努力をした歴史過程の中で、また、中華人民共和国が成立した後、中国政府が盛んに提唱したのを背景に行われたものである。このような試みは中国の国内で賛否両論があるが、認められた治療思想や治療法などが数多くあるため、今後も中医学と現代医学のすぐれたところをとりながら、開拓し続けていくだろうと見られる。しかし、この新しい医学としての価値と展望については将来における更なる実践の中で証明し、開かなければならないと思われる。

著者

Tomokazu Motomura Hisashi Matsumoto Kunihiro Mashiko Hirotoshi Ishikawa Tetsuya Nishimoto Yoshihiro Takeyama

出版者

The Medical Association of Nippon Medical School

雑誌

Journal of Nippon Medical School (ISSN:13454676)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JNMS.2020_87-406, (Released:2020-03-31)

被引用文献数

5

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IntroductionTo increase survival rates among patients with severe trauma from road traffic accidents, Japan launched the D-Call Net (DCN) system for dispatching doctors by helicopter utilizing Advanced Automatic Collision Notification technology in November 2015. As of October 2019, DCN has dispatched doctors 4 times.CasesCase 1: Canceled because trauma was mild. Case 2: Doctor made contact with 2 patients with moderate trauma 29 min earlier than would have occurred conventionally. This was the first case of doctor dispatch and patient treatment based on automotive engineering information worldwide. Case 3: An accident involving 3 severely injured patients activated DCN, enabling doctor-patient contact 20 min earlier than would have been possible conventionally. Case 4: DCN was utilized ineffectively.DiscussionAccording to 2008 data from Chiba Prefecture, in accidents where victims sustained severe trauma, the time from accidence occurrence to hospital arrival was 67 min, even with doctor dispatch by air ambulance ("Doctor-Heli" [DH]). Accident information for faster doctor dispatch effectively improved survival rates. An algorithm was developed to assess trauma severity (severity probability) based on accident information. DCN dispatches doctors based on information, including accident site and severity probability, that is sent to smartphones of doctors, reducing the time from accident to DH request by approximately 17 min.DCN is the world's first system for faster doctor dispatch to traffic accident sites based on automotive engineering information. It is crucial for improving survival rates and mitigating aftereffects.

著者

永田 英明

出版者

東北大学史料館

雑誌

東北大学史料館紀要 (ISSN:1881039X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.1-20, 2014-03-15

著者

綿田 稔

雑誌

美術研究 = The bijutsu kenkiu : the journal of art studies

巻号頁・発行日

no.408, pp.105-112, 2013-01-18

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The single-volume printed book introduced in this article is one of the items originally collected by Tanaka Sukeichi (1911–2000, doctor and local historian of Hagi city, Yamaguchi Prefecture), and now in the collection of the Hagi Museum. It seems that the Hanzawa family, descendants of a branch of the Unkoku family of painters who were in service to the Hagi clan during the Edo Period, gave this volume to Tanaka. This is thought to be the first volume of what would have originally been a set of three volumes, and it is made up entirely of painting method explanations. Various painting manuals are known from the Edo Period including Tosa Mitsuoki’s Honchô-gahô-taizen (1690), Kanô Einô’s Honchô-gashi (1693), Hayashi Moriatsu’s Gasen (1712), Nishikawa Sukenobu’s Gahô-saishikihô (1738) and Miyamoto Kunzan’s Kanga-hitori-geiko (1807). Though, there has yet to be a compilation of all these. This lacuna is a result of the focus of modern art history studies on painting history and theory, and thus nowadays even normal painting techniques have been largely forgotten. In the modern context, Nihonga techniques were given special status and standardized as the Japanese way of painting. Painting materials also changed dramatically. Not only was an understanding of pigments lost or neglected, but also that of brushes, painting papers and silks. Conversely, conditions were ripe for improvements in research on materials and methods, thanks to the great advances made in the technical field. However, scholars across various disciplines could not agree on the norms, and thus debate on this subject could not advance to a conclusion. While the On-e-kagami painting manual, printed in an inexpensive, popular edition, does not seem to contain any secret or proprietary techniques, it does seem to record general common sense methods. Even if the tome has limits, the accumulation of information and illumination of the standard procedures of the day surely would not be without merit for future studies.

著者

内藤 通孝

雑誌

椙山女学園大学研究論集 自然科学篇 (ISSN:13404067)

巻号頁・発行日

no.38, pp.137-149, 2007

著者

水谷 規男

出版者

日本評論社

雑誌

法律時報 (ISSN:03873420)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.1, pp.87-92, 2020-01

著者

入夏 仁美 豊島 進 五十嵐 勝 織原 幸一 相沢 敏雄

雑誌

電気学会研究会資料. TER, 交通・電気鉄道研究会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1995, no.38, pp.31-39, 1995-09-08

参考文献数

2

著者

柴田常恵, 稲村坦元 編

出版者

三明社

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第3巻, 1929

出版者

衆議院事務局

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第21回, 1943

著者

沢来太郎 著

出版者

東洋出版社

巻号頁・発行日

1912

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1939年03月10日, 1939-03-10

著者

東京堂年鑑編輯部 編

出版者

東京堂

巻号頁・発行日

vol.昭和14年版, 1941

著者

椎名 慎太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本不動産学会

雑誌

日本不動産学会誌 (ISSN:09113576)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.4-9, 2016-12-26 (Released:2017-12-26)

被引用文献数

2

著者

Shigeru Saito Takaaki Isshiki Takeshi Kimura Hisao Ogawa Hiroyoshi Yokoi Shinsuke Nanto Morimasa Takayama Kazuo Kitagawa Masakatsu Nishikawa Shunichi Miyazaki Masato Nakamura

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.7, pp.1684-1692, 2014 (Released:2014-06-25)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

44 253

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Background: Prasugrel is an antiplatelet agent that shows more prompt, potent, and consistent platelet inhibition than clopidogrel. The objective of this study was to confirm the efficacy and safety of prasugrel at loading/maintenance doses of 20/3.75mg. Methods and Results: Japanese patients (n=1,363) with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were randomized to either prasugrel (20/3.75mg) or clopidogrel (300/75mg), both in combination with aspirin (81–330mg for the first dose and 81–100mg/day thereafter), for 24–48 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 24 weeks, defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal ischemic stroke. We compared the incidence of MACE between the 2 groups using point estimates. Safety outcomes included the incidence of bleeding events until 2 weeks after the last dose. The incidence of MACE at 24 weeks was 9.4% in the prasugrel group and 11.8% in the clopidogrel group (risk reduction 23%, hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.56–1.07). The incidence of non-coronary artery bypass graft-related major bleeding was similar in both groups (1.9% vs. 2.2%). Conclusions: Prasugrel 20/3.75mg was associated with a low incidence of ischemic events, similar to the results of TRITON-TIMI 38, and with a low risk of clinically serious bleeding in Japanese ACS patients.  (Circ J 2014; 78: 1684–1692)

著者

野本 和幸

出版者

北海道大学哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:02872560)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.1-28, 2004-07-18

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Firstly I sketch Frege's personal history, his academic career and his publications briefly, and secondly I try to give a general outline of the structural and methodological characteristics of his investigations as a whole. One can divide Frege's logico-philosophical investigations into the three parts as follows: (A) The invention of contemporary logic, its axiomatic systematization and the development of the logicist philosophy of arithmetic. (B) Philosophy of logic. (C) Controversies with his contemporary distinguished scholars concerning psychologism, empiricism, physicalism, formalism, etc., though I do not take them up this time. Concerning (A), firstly I try to explain why Frege must constitute the higher order logic through formulating his formal language (Begriffsschrift) for the accomplishment of his logicist project. Secondly I take note of his theory of judgment/ assertion and inference, and point out its two distinctive features, i.e., (1) his priority thesis of judgment, and (2) his epistemological characterization of judgment and inference. For Frege, a judgment is the recognition of the truth (als wahr anerkennen) of the thought-content and assertion is the manifestation of a judgment with assertoric force,while an inference is the justification (Berechtigung) of the correctness of the conclusion based on its true premises. Thirdly, Frege's claim of the primacy of the sentence or the context principle, and the composition principle are Frege's methodological guiding principles of his syntactic and semantic considerations as a whole. Concerning (B): his philosophy of logic, (1) Frege will neither approve the justifiability of primitive logical laws nor definability of primitive logical terms within his Begriffsschrift. (2) In fact, Frege does not introduce distinctive model theoretic ideas such as variant domains or quantification along with domain fixing. However, Frege explicitly provides lots of semantical 'explanations (Erklärung/Darlegung)' in his ‘explanatory language (Darlegungssprache)' as metalanguage distinguished from his object language (Begriffsschrift as ‘Hilfssprache'). For example, in his main work: GGA, Frege tries to give the proofs of the meaningfulness of his primitive logical symbols, truthfulness of axioms, and the truth-preserving nature of inference-rules. (3) Frege gives further metalinguistic explanations as propedeutic concerning the basic ‘logical forms' such as‘fall-under (subsumption)' and his logical categories: objects versus concepts/functions, and his semantic distinction of sense (Sinn) and Meaning (Bedeutung). In such explanations there might be a certain anticipation of Wittgensteinian idea of ‘saying' and ‘showing'. Furthermore Frege provides meta-meta-linguistic elucidations or suggestions resorting to vivid metaphors concerning his fundamental categories of proper names versus function-signs/concept-words,o r objects versus functions/concepts, the distinction of Begriffsschrft from ordinary language, and the relationship of representation, sense and Meaning, etc. Really Frege is not only the most revolutionary logician since Aristotle, but also a distinguished man of metaphor.

著者

礒部 大

出版者

一般社団法人 経営情報学会

雑誌

経営情報学会 全国研究発表大会要旨集 2017年秋季全国研究発表大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.313-316, 2017 (Released:2017-11-30)

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組織にとって有効な人材像については、古くから多くの議論がなされてきた。その中で昨今では、有効な人材として「自発的行動のとれる人材」および「課題設定能力が高い人材」など、やる気があって自発的に課題を見出し解決して行く有能な人材を最上とする意見が主流となっているかのように思われる。しかし、19世紀プロイセンの軍人モルトケ(Helmuth Karl Bernhard Graf von Moltke)は、やる気のない有能な人物こそを組織にとって最上の人材とした(“モルトケの法則”)。本研究では、マルチエージェントシミュレーションを用いて、“モルトケの法則”の有効性を検証する。

著者

大野 正彦 花岡 [キヨシ] 関 比呂伸 大貫 文

出版者

都市有害生物管理学会

雑誌

都市有害生物管理 (ISSN:21861498)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.111-117, 2011-12-20

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カベアナタカラダニ(Balaustium murorum)はわが国の都市部における不快害虫である.住民はこのダニの害,特に刺されることを心配している.このダニが人を刺して痒みや皮疹を起こすのか明らかにするため,人の皮膚に6ないし24時間接触させ,その後の皮膚の状態を観察した.生きているダニは痒みを起こさず,刺したり皮疹を生じさせたりすることはほとんどないと考えられた.しかし,潰したダニを24時間接触した被験者に赤い皮疹が生じた.ダニの体液が皮膚障害を発生させたと思われた.ダニを潰してその体液を皮膚に付けないよう注意する必要がある.

著者

長谷川 洋一 坂巻 弘之 山崎 学 岩月 進 生出 泉太郎 北田 光一 大箸 義章 須田 晃治 望月 正隆

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.2, pp.277-291, 2014-02-01 (Released:2014-02-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 5

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The first crop of pharmacists graduating from 6-year programs in pharmaceutical l education arrived in April 2012, and it will be important to incorporate new factors when predicting future trends in supply and demand for pharmacists. If we project supply given an exam pass rate of 75%, the supply of pharmacists will increase for the next 10 years or so if the number of exam takers is about 10000, and no decrease in the total number of pharmacists is expected until 2035. At pharmacies, a high degree of demand for the services of pharmacists can be expected to result from increases in the number of elderly patients and the number of patients receiving prescriptions, together with expanded accommodation of home health care, if the proportion of prescriptions that are actually filled up to 70%. At hospitals, demand has been projected to increase over the short term, owing to such factors as the trend toward having a resident pharmacist in each ward, advances in team medicine, and the spread of outpatient chemotherapy. Given the rising enrollment quotas for schools of pharmacy, and if the current supply and demand for pharmacists are maintained, we cannot rule out the possibility that pharmacists will come to be in excess supply within a 10-year horizon if the number of unemployed continues to decrease and the employment rate continues to improve along with changes in economic conditions and the consciousness of graduates of the 6-year programs.

著者

高等お伽会 編

出版者

樋口蜻輝堂[ほか]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第2, 1909

著者

Yuki SAITO Kei AKUZAWA Kentaro TACHIBANA

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E103-D, no.9, pp.1978-1987, 2020-09-01

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This paper presents a method for many-to-one voice conversion using phonetic posteriorgrams (PPGs) based on an adversarial training of deep neural networks (DNNs). A conventional method for many-to-one VC can learn a mapping function from input acoustic features to target acoustic features through separately trained DNN-based speech recognition and synthesis models. However, 1) the differences among speakers observed in PPGs and 2) an over-smoothing effect of generated acoustic features degrade the converted speech quality. Our method performs a domain-adversarial training of the recognition model for reducing the PPG differences. In addition, it incorporates a generative adversarial network into the training of the synthesis model for alleviating the over-smoothing effect. Unlike the conventional method, ours jointly trains the recognition and synthesis models so that they are optimized for many-to-one VC. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed method significantly improves the converted speech quality compared with conventional VC methods.