著者

屋名池 誠

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

東京女子大学比較文化研究所紀要 (ISSN:05638186)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, pp.23-40, 2003

---

Japanese has a unique writing system, which allows you to write horizontally as well as vertically. It was not until late Edo Period or Early Meiji Period (around 1860 -1870) that horizontal writing was introduced. Before then there was only vertical writing. This paper examines the reasons why the horizontal writing was possible to occur in these periods. The reasons are: 1. When a language with a different direction of writing contacts another, it is not unusual that they influence each other and produce variants. 2. However, it is not easy for a variant to settle in an already existing language. In order for it to settle down, there should be some conditions in which the new variant would be socially accepted in the speech community. 3. Horizontal writing may have been accepted as part of the extensive Westernization that was carried out in those periods. This would be a reason why the innovation in the direction of Japanese writing occurred in the middle of the 19th century.

著者

山本 浩三

出版者

同志社大学

雑誌

同志社法學 (ISSN:03877612)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.46-57, 1959-06-30

---

資料

著者

中山 ちなみ

出版者

ノートルダム清心女子大学

雑誌

ノートルダム清心女子大学紀要. 外国語・外国文学編, 文化学編, 日本語・日本文学編 = Notre Dame Seishin University kiyo. Studies in foreign languages and literature, Studies in culture, Notre Dame Seishin University kiyo. Studies in Japanese language and literature (ISSN:21875022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.121-145, 2012

著者

石上 文正

出版者

人間環境大学

雑誌

人間と環境 電子版 (ISSN:21858373)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.1-22, 2015-03-31

---

映画「男はつらいよ」シリーズの劇中において映画のタイトルが表示されるときの口上、「わたくし、生まれも育ちも葛飾柴又です。帝釈天で産湯を使い、姓は車、名は寅次郎、人呼んでフーテンの寅と発します。」および寅さんが生きている社会・世界をN. フェアクラフの批判的ディスコース分析と社会分析を用いて考察する。批判的ディスコース分析から、寅さんの口上には多くの矛盾が認められ、彼が両義的人間であるという結論に至った。また、社会分析によっても彼が生きている世界は両義的世界であることが判明した。その結果、次の2 点が導かれる。(1)この映画では矛盾がさまざまな局面に存在することが、緻密にそして整合的に製作されている、(2)フェアクラフ理論は、社会とことばの分析において、今回のケースでは有効であった。寅さんおよび彼が生きている世界と同様に、現実の世界も矛盾や両義性に満ちていている。いっぽう、フェアクラフ理論の基本は、世界の整合性に基づいている。では、何故フェアクラフ理論が有効であったのだろうか。それは、整合性に基礎を置いている理論だからこそ、矛盾や両義性を検出しやすいのである

著者

熊谷 寛夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.9, pp.723-725, 1972-09-05 (Released:2020-10-30)

著者

福地桜痴 著

出版者

民友社

巻号頁・発行日

1897

著者

穂積重遠 編

出版者

岩波書店

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第3冊, 1934

著者

穂積重遠 編

出版者

岩波書店

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第2冊, 1932

著者

石井 泰光 山本 正嘉 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.63-79, 2010 (Released:2010-07-20)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

3

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the similarities of upper torso rotation and pelvic rotation around the vertical axis of the global coordinate system with trunk rotation during throwing and striking movements. We enrolled twenty-three right-handed male college students, who performed baseball pitching and batting movements and the golf driver shot. During the throwing and striking movements, 3D coordinates of body landmarks were obtained using the VICON 612 system with 10 cameras operating at 120 frames per second. The ball speed during pitching and the head speed during batting and the driver shot were measured using a high-speed camera at 250 frames per second and analyzed using WINanalyze (2D motion analyzer). The angles of rotation of the upper torso and pelvis were calculated as the angles between the respective segment and the global x-axis. The trunk rotation angle was calculated as the angle between the upper torso segment and the pelvic segment. The sequential data for rotational movement variables were normalized from the onset of the minimum upper torso angle until release or impact. There were significant positive correlations between the ball speed during pitching, head speed during batting, and head speed during the driver shot (pitching vs. batting, r=0.627, p<0.01; pitching vs. driver shot, r=0.670, p<0.01; batting vs. driver shot, r=0.554, p<0.01). There were significant positive correlations between the two striking movements with regard to the maximum angular velocity of upper torso rotation (r=0.567, p<0.01) and pelvic rotation (r=0.523, p<0.05). The batting and driver shot showed similarity of trunk rotation and pelvic rotation in that the contribution of pelvic angular velocity to the maximum upper torso angular velocity was larger than the contribution of trunk rotational angular velocity to the maximum upper torso angular velocity. Upon trunk rotation, there were no significant positive correlations among the pitching, the batting, and the driver shot with regard to maximum angular velocity. These results indicate that the ball and head speeds are strongly related during pitching, batting, and the driver shot. The upper torso rotation and pelvic rotation around the vertical axis of the global coordinate system are related only during batting and the driver shot.

著者

宍戸 明美

出版者

名古屋学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

名古屋学院大学論集 社会科学篇 (ISSN:03850048)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.105-124, 2010

著者

岡野 勉

出版者

日本教師教育学会

雑誌

日本教師教育学会年報 (ISSN:13437186)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.26-33, 2018-09-29 (Released:2020-07-06)

参考文献数

19

著者

前川 美行

出版者

リトン

雑誌

死生学年報

巻号頁・発行日

pp.187-206, 2014

---

In this paper, the author discusses "Gakkou no Kwaidan" in relation to the psychological development of schoolchildren. Originally, "Gakkou no Kwaidan" were tales of the supernatural circulated by word of mouth among schoolchildren. After Toru Tsunemitsu, a junior-high-school teacher, collected and edited them into a book in 1990, a boom of new "Gakkou no Kwaidan" publications arose and continued through the 1990s. The author points out, however, that the boom of newly published tales reduced school children's primitive power of narrating these stories themselves.In this article, the original tales of the supernatural in school, "Gakkou no Kwaidan" will be the focus. Why do children tell "Gakkou no Kwaidan?" Why do they like narrating the tales? The author explains two reasons for this. The first is from the viewpoint of "the sense of self" in childhood, and the second is from the viewpoint of the special space of school where children are experiencing life together.First, many researchers in developmental and clinical psychology have stressed a turning point in an 8-10 year old child's sense of self. It is a fundamental restructuring of the self. After that occurs, they begin to be aware of the existence of "another me" (an objective self) in themselves. The author proposes that sometimes this can emerge in a mysterious and/or supernatural form.Furthermore, the author explains the significance of the power of narration. Children experience various feelings in school life such as delight, happiness, sadness, distress, rage, loneliness and so on. Unfortunately, there is also severe bullying at some schools that many children go through which can wound them deeply. In this case, narrating tales of the supernatural in school can give children reassurance, and has a great power to bring peace to 206 them and others who have been injured. In other words, the narration of such stories could be seen as a requiem of sorts.In conclusion, the author emphasizes the power of narrating "Gakkou no Kwaidan" and people should be careful not to underestimate or reduce the positive power this may have for children.

著者

仲村渠 将 吉永 安俊 酒井 一人 秋吉 康弘 大澤 和敏

出版者

社団法人 農業農村工学会

雑誌

農業土木学会論文集 (ISSN:03872335)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2007, no.249, pp.277-283, 2007-06-25 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

16

---

沈砂池における浮遊土砂流出, 沈砂池による浮遊土砂流出防止対策の課題点および沈砂池の浮遊土砂流出防止効果の簡易的評価について検討するため, 実際の沈砂池で降雨時の現地観測を行った. 沈砂池における複数の降雨イベントでの土砂収支計算結果より, 75μm以上の粗粒分はほとんどが捕捉され, 75μm以下の細粒分の一部が沈砂池から流出することが明らかになった. また沈砂池の浮遊土砂捕捉率が貯水の入れ替え率を表す出水時回転率を用いて簡易的に定量評価された.

著者

柳田 直美

出版者

「書物・出版と社会変容」研究会

雑誌

書物・出版と社会変容 (ISSN:21851131)

巻号頁・発行日

no.26, pp.1-22, 2021-02-20

著者

富山県 編

出版者

富山県

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第15輯, 1943

著者

源河 達史

出版者

Japan Legal History Association

雑誌

法制史研究 (ISSN:04412508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2004, no.54, pp.61-80,en8, 2005-03-30 (Released:2010-05-10)

---

Die sichere Quellenbasis ist die Grundlage der modernen Historiogra-phie. Diesem Leitgedanke entsprechend ist die philologische Quellenfor-schung in den letzten Jahrzehnten stets eines der Hauptanliegen der historischen Kanonistik gewesen. Bezüglich des Gratianischen Dekrets war es ein Aufsatz Kuttners, der die Grundlage dafür bildete. In seinem 1948 erschienenen Aufsatz De Gratiani opere noviter edendo hat Kuttner aufgrund seiner enormen Kenntnisse über die Dekrethandschriften die Schwäche der Standardedition, der Edition Friedbergs, in concreto auf-gezeigt and gleichzeitig die Historiker des kanonischen Rechts aufgefor-dert, ungeachtet der Schwierigkeiten der Zeit eine neue kritische Aus-gabe hervorzubringen.Seitdem ist es allgemein bekannt, class die Edition Friedbergs fehler-haft ist and keine kritische Ausgabe darstellt. Trotzdem ist die Frage, ob man sich wirklich an eine erneute Editionsarbeit machen sollte, nicht unumstritten. Zwar wollen auch diejenigen, die die Friedbergsche Edition fur befriedigend halten, damit nicht behaupten, dass these Edition eine kritische Ausgabe darstelle. Sie behaupten nur, class die neue Edition aller Bemühungen zum Trotz keinen großen Unterschied zur Edition Friedbergs aufweisen würde. Es handelt sich also nicht um einen theoreti-schen Anspruch, sondern nur um eine praktische Lösung. Wenn sich aber eine "kritische" Edition als kaum anders erweisen sollte als eine nicht "kritische" Edition, wird der große Aufwand an Zeit and Kraft in die Editionsarbeit zwangsläufig in Frage gestellt.Wenn man trotzdem auf einer neuen Edition bestehen will, dann muss man sich zuallererst über den entscheidenden Unterschied klar werden, der zwischen einer "kriti-schen" und einer nicht "kritischen" Edition bestehen soil. Die Frage lautet, ob man in diesern Zusammenhang überhaupt von einer communis opinio dazu sprechen kann.Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wird ein Blick auf die Debatte urn die editio romana als Basistext der englischen Übersetzung wohl nützlich sein. Die von Christensen getroffene Wahl wurde von Weigand harsch kritisiert. Daran dürfte man erkennen können, dass es sich bezüglich des Unterschieds zwischen einer "kritischen" and einer nicht "kritischen" Edition selbst unter den besten Kennern urn unterschiedliche Konzep-tionen handeln kann, zumal die Voraussetzungen, die eine "kritische" Ausgabe erfüllen soll, als wesentliche Kriterien für die Auswahl des Basistextes anzusehen sind.Deshalb muss die folgende Frage erneut gestellt werden: Was bedeutet das Epitheton "kritisch" nach dem modernen wissenschaftlichen Begriff? Beim Versuch, these Frage zu beantworten, geht die vorliegende Studie von der klassischen Frage der Textkritik aus, nämlich, der Frage nach der Richtigkeit einer Lesart. Der Ausgangspunkt ist dabei eine Rubrik (Summarie) Gratians, für die es in der handschriftlichen Überlieferung gewichtige Varianten gibt.In der Friedbergschen Edition des Gratianischen Dekrets lautet die Rubrik von C.15 q.1 c.8: Inobedientia uel concupiscentia non habet culpam in corpore non consentientis. Einer Fußnote Friedbergs zufolge kommt für das letzte Wort dieser Rubrik (consentientis) die Variante sentientis in vier Handschriften (BDEH) vor. Da Friedberg bei seiner Editionsar-beit acht Handschriften (A-H) heranzog, müßte in den anderen vier Handschriften (ACGF) die Lesart consentientis vorkommen, and weil er die zwei Kölner Handschriften A and B für die besten hielt, liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass Friedberg sich bei seiner Wahl der Lesart haupt-sächlich auf den Zeugen von A stützte.

著者

山口 耀平 ヤマグチ ヨウヘイ Yohei Yamaguchi

出版者

立教大学大学院観光学研究科

雑誌

立教観光学研究紀要 = St.Paul's annals of tourism research (ISSN:13447726)

巻号頁・発行日

no.21, pp.3-8, 2019-03

著者

Xiachu ZHANG Feng LIU Xin CHEN Xu ZHU Jack UETRECHT

出版者

The Japanese Society for the Study of Xenobiotics

雑誌

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (ISSN:13474367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.47-59, 2011 (Released:2011-03-03)

参考文献数

135

被引用文献数

39

---

There is strong evidence that most idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) are immune-mediated and are caused by reactive metabolites of a drug rather than by the drug itself. Several hypotheses have been proposed by which a drug could induce an immune response. The major hypotheses are the hapten hypothesis and the danger hypothesis; however, the characteristics and spectrum of IDRs are different with different drugs, and this likely reflects mechanistic differences; therefore, no one hypothesis is likely to explain all IDRs. Some IDRs appear to involve epigenetic effects, direct activation of antigen-presenting cells, or disturbing the normal balance of the immune system. It has been suggested that many cases of idiosyncratic liver injury are not immune-mediated, and other mechanisms such as mitochondrial injury may be involved. It is essential that any hypothesis be consistent with the clinical characteristics of the IDR. Although the characteristics of most idiosyncratic liver injury do not suggest that mitochondria are the major target, it is quite possible that milder mitochondrial injury could stimulate an immune-mediated reaction. The observation that IDRs can vary widely among different drugs and different patients is most easily explained by an immune mechanism in which the target of the immune response is different.

著者

Kensuke Matsushita Lucie Lachmet-Thébaud Benjamin Marchandot Antonin Trimaille Chisato Sato Charlotte Dagrenat Stephane Greciano Fabien De Poli Pierre Leddet Marilou Peillex Sébastien Hess Adrien Carmona Charline Jimenez Joe Heger Antje Reydel Patrick Ohlmann Laurence Jesel Olivier Morel

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-20-1116, (Released:2021-04-06)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

8

---

Background:Although there is an apparent rapid and spontaneous recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), recent studies have demonstrated a long-lasting functional impairment in those patients. The present study sought to evaluate the predictors of incomplete recovery following TTS and its impact on cardiovascular mortality.Methods and Results:Patients with TTS between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively enrolled at 3 different institutions. After exclusion of in-hospital deaths, 407 patients were split into 2 subgroups according to whether their LVEF was >50% (recovery group; n=341), or ≤50% (incomplete recovery group; n=66) at the chronic phase. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that LVEF (odds ratio [OR]: 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–0.98; P<0.001) and C-reactive protein levels (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.02–1.22; P=0.02) at discharge were independent predictors of incomplete recovery. At a median follow up of 52 days, a higher cardiovascular mortality was evident in the incomplete recovery group (16% vs. 0.6%; P<0.001).Conclusions:This study demonstrated that incomplete recovery after TTS is characterized by residual systemic inflammation and an increased cardiac mortality at follow up. Altogether, the present study findings determined that patients with persistent inflammation are a high-risk subgroup, and should be targeted in future clinical trials with specific therapies to attenuate inflammation.

著者

柚木卯馬 著

出版者

育成館

巻号頁・発行日

1931