著者
桜井 敬之 新藤 隆行
出版者
信州大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2008

多彩な生理活性を示すアドレノメデュリン(AM)の受容体を構成する1回膜貫通型受容体活性調節タンパク質Receptor activity modifying protein 2,3(RAMP2、3)の病態生理学的役割を、血管内皮細胞特異的および心筋特異的RAMP2 KO、および最近樹立したRAMP3KO、RAMP2/RAMP3およびRAMP3Tgマウスを用いて解析した。本研究で、我々は、個体レベルにおいてはRAMP2およびRAMP3は異なる機能;(1)RAMP2遺伝子は心血管系の恒常性機能維持に重要な働き、(2)RAMP3遺伝子は炎症応答に関与していることを初めて明らかとした。
著者
湯原 悦子
出版者
一般社団法人日本社会福祉学会
雑誌
社会福祉学 (ISSN:09110232)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.1, pp.116-127, 2015-05-31

本研究では介護殺人事件に対し,判決前調査(情状鑑定)を通じて事件の背景や要因を明らかにする意義と効果を確認した.事例分析の結果,情状鑑定により特に環境的負因に関わる情報の提示が充実し,審理に携わる者が「被告人に帰せられる責任の範囲」を多角的に検討するための資料を提供できること,事件の背景にある社会病理として,そもそも介護を担う能力に欠けている者が介護を担わざるをえない状況に追い込まれ危機に陥っていることが明らかにされた.介護殺人事件に情状鑑定を実施するのは困難が予想されるが,社会福祉専門職による「コンサルテーション」という形であれば,弁護人らを通じて彼らの視点を審理に組み込むことができ,情状鑑定を行う効果を実質的に担保することが可能になる.このような形で司法と福祉の専門職が関わるところから,規範的解決を実体的解決・調和につなげていく司法福祉の理念の実現を図ることができると考える.
著者
波潟 剛
出版者
筑波大学比較・理論文学会
雑誌
文学研究論集 (ISSN:09158944)
巻号頁・発行日
no.19, pp.36-50, 2001-03-31

はじめに 花田清輝のエッセイ「砂漠について」と安部公房の長編小説「砂の女」とは、彼らの師弟関係を論じる際しばしば取り上げられるテクストである。その徴証となるのは砂漠や砂のイメージに関する共通性である。 ...
著者
Takanori Miyoshi Nobuhiro Misumi Mikako Hiraike Yuki Mihara Takashi Nishino Minako Tsuruta Yosei Kawamata Yoichi Hiraki Aki Kozono Masao Ichiki
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.12, pp.2009-2014, 2016-12-01 (Released:2016-12-01)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
21

Cisplatin (CDDP) combination chemotherapy is widely administered to patients with advanced lung cancer. The dose depends on multiple factors, including whether the tumor is non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Although efficacy is limited by cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN), little is known about the risk factors for this complication. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for CIN in patients with advanced lung cancer, both NSCLC and SCLC. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data for 148 patients who underwent initial chemotherapy including CDDP ≥50 mg/m2 per patient per day for the first course at Kyushu Medical Center between October 2010 and September 2013. All data were collected from the electronic medical record system. Nephrotoxicity was defined as an increase in serum creatinine concentration of at least grade 2 during the first course of CDDP chemotherapy, as described by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. CIN was observed in nine patients. Univariate analysis revealed that cardiac disease and lower baseline serum albumin (Alb) values conferred a higher risk of nephrotoxicity (p<0.05). The cut-off value of Alb was 3.8 g/dL, calculated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that cardiac disease (odds ratio=11.7; p=0.002) and hypoalbuminemia (odds ratio=6.99 p=0.025 significantly correlated with nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, cardiac disease and low baseline Alb values are possible risk factors for CIN.
著者
宮田 健
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.123, no.12, pp.987-1006, 2003 (Released:2003-11-29)
参考文献数
48
被引用文献数
3 6

Disturbance of the normal mucociliary clearance due to hyperproduction of mucus and modification of its physicochemical characteristics is a common finding in airway diseases. Drugs that affect airway secretion have been developed and used to cleanse the respiratory tract for many centuries and in many countries. On the basis of the mechanism of their actions, the mucoactive drugs are classified into several groups. Some mucoactive drugs have direct effects on the production or composition of airway secretions, resulting in increased effectiveness of mucociliary clearance. Other mucoactive drugs do not have a specific action on mucus, but have beneficial effects on airway structure and function, which lead to correction of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that result in abnormal secretions. However, since many drugs have overlapping effects, it is difficult to classify these drugs into groups based on their major actions. Taken together with previous findings on mucoactive drugs, it appears that an antioxidant effect is a common property of mucoactive drugs and that it is a crucial action to exert their effects against airway diseases. In light of this idea, we must use specific experimental models to simulate pharmacologic events in airway inflammation. The development of new techniques has made it possible to identify and measure the mucus components, measure the rheologic parameters more accurately, and evaluate mucociliary clearance precisely in animals and humans. Therefore, with modifications of methods, we have investigated airway-cleansing drugs from various points of view to reflect actions in inflammatory states for more than two decades. Here, I introduce the methods we have used to study many of the parameters involved in airway clearance, including cough reflex, and describe some of the mucoactive-antitussive drugs that we have studied recently. There is an increasing usage of traditional Chinese herbal medicines in clinics and hospitals, because they tend to have moderate side effects and sometimes remarkable efficacy. To renormalize overall defects in airway disorders, Chinese medicines may be adequate, because they are composed of various herbs with weak but ubiquitous pharmacologic activities. We have been investigating Bakumondo-to. Bakumondo-to has been used for the treatment of bronchitis and pharyngitis accompanying severe dry cough. We found that unlike codeine Bakumondo-to had a notable antitussive activity against the cough associated with bronchitis and the cough increased by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Recently, we have found that, in alveolar type II cells, Bakumondo-to attenuated phosphatidylcholine secretion increased by oxygen radicals from activated PMNLS. In addition, we found that Bakumondo-to itself stimulated phosphatidylcholine secretion and increased β-adrenoceptor gene expression in rat alveolar type II cells. We studied the mechanism of action and clarified that Bakumondo-to increased glucocorticoid-sensitive promotor activity. The effect may contribute to its ubiquitous effectiveness in the treatment of airway diseases. Various parameters (chemical properties, physical properties, mucus production, surfactant phospholipid production, and mucociliary clearance) are considered to be important for the dynamics and mobilization of airway secretions. Pharmacologic investigation, with appropriate techniques, of the ability of an agent to modify these parameters can provide useful information about its mechanism of action. However, since these parameters are interconnected, it is very complicated to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action of mucoactive drugs. This means that the goal of treatment cannot always be achieved by the modification of a single parameter, but should, more realistically, be aimed at a renormalization of several parameters. On the basis of this idea, glucocorticoids are ideal mucoactive drugs because they exert various…
著者
山下 良子 神山 秀一 山本 明日香 加納 宏樹 結城 祥充 上田 晃 川本 由加里 後藤 仁和 山本 聡
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.136, no.12, pp.1641-1649, 2016 (Released:2016-12-01)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
6

The efficacy of cefepime (CFPM) is known to depend on the ratio of the time that the serum levels exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to the dosing interval (%T>MIC). The objective of this study was to clarify the relation between %T>MIC and clinical outcome of CFPM, and to identify the optimal dosage regimen. We investigated the outcome of CFPM treatment for febrile neutropenia (FN) patients with normal renal function. Treatment success was defined as the completion of FN therapy with CFPM only. And we calculated %T>MIC for each case based on population pharmacokinetic parameters. The MIC value for simulation was set as 8 μg/mL. In logistic regression analysis, treatment success was significantly associated with the elevation of %T>MIC in the group with persistent neutropenia, yielding a receiver operating characteristic curve with an optimal cutoff value of 73.1%. Next, we simulated %T>MIC for each case under various dosing regimens. For patients whose creatinine clearance (CLcr) exceeded 100 mL/min, it was found to be difficult to attain the objective under the current regimen. In contrast, it was calculated that treatment with 2 g three times a day (t.i.d.) could attain the objective for most of the patients with 3 h of infusion. These results suggest that CFPM treatment under the current regimen is ineffective for FN patients with normal or augmented renal function, and that 2 g t.i.d. is necessary in quite a lot cases, although such use is off-label.

3 0 0 0 OA 磐城之富源

著者
大和田与平 著
出版者
飯田一二
巻号頁・発行日
1915
著者
後藤 佐昌子 八軒 浩子 高田 充隆
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療薬学会
雑誌
医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.1, pp.21-30, 2011 (Released:2012-04-27)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
4

To quantitatively investigate the history of medical pharmacy research in Japan,we analyzed the titles of articles in theJapanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences and the Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy,the principalmedical pharmacy journals in Japan,by text-mining.All article titles (2884 articles) between 1975 and 2009 were collectedfrom article databases,and the text of titles was analyzed using the KH Coder,free software for quantitative textanalysis of the Japanese language.This software produces basic information on text data such as the rate of occurrence ofcertain words.Nine research categories were identified through multivariate analysis of frequently appearing words.Also,coding rules were created to assign article titles to these research categories,and the categorization results were analyzed quantitatively.Pharmaceutical investigation was the principal category in the 1970 s and 80 s,with the quality evaluation of drugs asthe major area of research.Articles assigned to this category accounted for 41.4% of all articles published during the period1980-1984.Articles assigned to the drug therapy category began to gradually increase in the 1990 s,and since 2000,drugtherapy has been the major area of medical pharmacy research in Japan.In addition,there has been an increase in investigationsassociated with the education of pharmacists and pharmacy students in recent yearsOur findings suggest that there has been a shift in the dominant research area of medical pharmacy in Japan from qualityevaluation of drugs to patient care.
著者
Yuki Nishikawa Masaki Satoh
出版者
(公社)日本気象学会
雑誌
SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.232-236, 2016 (Released:2016-08-31)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
3

As nonhydrostatic models have higher resolution, a topographical representation scheme is desirable as an alternative to the terrain-following approach, which is unstable for steep topography. We developed a conserved topographical representation scheme using a thin-wall approximation in z-coordinates (the CT scheme). This scheme is formulated by the flux-form finite-volume method with a flux limiter, so that the total integrals over the entire domain of prognostic variables are conserved: this is advantageous compared to the conventional thin-wall approximation method. The CT scheme is easily implemented for existing models that use the finite-volume method. We constructed the scheme to satisfy conservation of mass, horizontal momentum, and total energy. We compared the results of the CT scheme for an isolated mountain case with those of a step-mountain (SM) method. The CT scheme represents the propagation of gravity waves more accurately than the SM method. The upward flux of horizontal momentum becomes more vertically uniform for the CT scheme than for the SM method over time. In addition, the horizontal momentum budget shows that the total momentum is reduced by reaction force at the lower boundary with changes due to numerical damping in the upper layers and numerical filters in the free layers.
著者
石川義之
出版者
大阪樟蔭女子大学
雑誌
大阪樟蔭女子大学人間科学研究紀要 (ISSN:13471287)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, pp.137-153, 2007-01-31

筆者は,2001年に「インセスト家族の親子関係」という題名の論文を公表した(石川 2001;141-156)。本論文の実際の執筆時期は1993年で内容的にも古くなったので,2006年日本社会病理学会によりミニシンポジウムで「家族と暴力-"愛情"という名の支配-」というテーマで報告することを命じられたことを機会に,その後の研究成果を踏まえて,この「"愛情"という名の支配」という視点を導入して再考することにした。その際,父-娘インセストの発生メカニズムに焦点を当てる。 本稿は,下記の項目によって構成されている。0.はじめに1.1つのインセスト的虐待事例2.インセスト的虐待の定義 2-1.インセスト的虐待の位置付け 2-2.性的虐待の特徴とインセスト的虐待の概念3.インセスト的虐待の普及率 3-1.アメリカ社会での普及率 3-2.わが国での普及率4.インセスト的虐待の影響 4-1.インセスト的虐待の長期的影響 4-2.トラウマを生成する原動力 4-3.トラウマ生成原動力の作用 4-4.ジャノフーブルマンとフリーズの「基本的仮定破壊」仮説 4-5.トラウマ生成原動力による歪み→心理的破傷→長期的影響=「否定的」生活 4-6.「否定的」生活から肯定的生活へ 4-7.主観的トラウマ変数と客観的トラウマ変数 4-8.トラウマ生成原動力の強力化傾向5.インセスト的虐待の要因・条件 5-1.性的虐待の基本構図 5-2.インセスト的虐待の要因・条件-発生メカニズム-6.父-娘インセストの親子関係-家族力学要因- 6-1.父親のタイプ 6-2.娘・母親のタイプ 6-3.父-娘インセスト発生の力学:父-娘インセストへの寄与(誘導)要因7.インセスト的虐待への対応8.おわりに 8-1.伝統型インセストと現代型インセスト 8-2.「"暴力"による支配」と「"愛情"という名の支配」
著者
山本 忠利 津久井 公平 大塚 徳勝
出版者
公益社団法人 日本アイソトープ協会
雑誌
RADIOISOTOPES (ISSN:00338303)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.8, pp.407-412, 1982-08-15 (Released:2010-09-07)
参考文献数
5

85Kr使用装置から漏れ出た放射性Krの回収と精製を目的として, 気密容器による閉じ込め方式をとり, その中に漏洩する放射性Krを回収, 精製できる装置を試作し, その特性試験を行った。85Kr使用装置を収納する気密容器内の放射性Kr濃度は0.3ppmまで低下し, そのときの回収率は99.976%に達した。さらに回収した放射性Krを精製することによって, その純度は99.9908%に達した。すなわち, 気密容器内に漏洩した放射性Krをほとんど100%近くまで回収可能であり, かつ回収した放射性Kr中のHeを100ppm以下まで除去することができる。
著者
鶴若 麻理 岡安 大仁
出版者
日本生命倫理学会
雑誌
生命倫理 (ISSN:13434063)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.1, pp.58-63, 2000-09-13
被引用文献数
1

筆者(鶴若)が行ったチャプレンを中心としたインタビュー調査によると、わが国の末期がん患者に対するスピリチュアルケアは、一部のホスピスや病院において意欲的に取り組まれているが、必ずしも組織的・効果的に展開されているとは言えなかった。従って現状では医師や看護婦が、具体的支援を検討することが期待された。具体的支援を行うためには、まずスピリチュアル・ニーズがどのように表現されるのか検討する必要があろう。そこで、本稿では(1)日本死の臨床研究会年次大会の演題の推移から、我が国のスピリチュアルケアの概念の形成を分析した。(2)『看護学雑誌』(医学書院)および『がん看護』(南江堂)におけるスピリチュアルケアに関する論文を調べた。(3)筆者がホスピスボランティアとして関わった末期がん患者との対話から、スピリチュアル・ニーズとは具体的にどのように表現され、また身体的、社会的、心理・情緒的苦痛とどのように関連しているものなのかを検討した。