著者

中川 優一

出版者

早稲田大学人間総合研究センター

雑誌

現代生命哲学研究

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.54-79, 2020-03

著者

藤田 貴也

出版者

日本論理哲学会

雑誌

論理哲学研究 = Journal of logical philosophy (ISSN:13451545)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.38-49, 2017

著者

星野 英一

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1967, pp.75-119, 1968-04-25 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

120

著者

魚住 孝至

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.29-42, 2016

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<p>In „Zen in der Kunst des Bogenschießens" schildert Eugen Herrigel den von ihm durchlaufenen Lern- und Übungsprozess unter Anleitung eines Meisters, für den die Essenz des Bogenschießens im Zen liegt. Herrigel führt aus, wie er durch die Übung des Bogenschießens zur Erfahrung der „absichtslosen Ichlosigkeit" gelangt.</p><br><p>In dieser Arbeit wird auf der Grundlage von Herrigels Werk analysiert, wie die Transformation von Körper und Geist mittels des Übungsprozesses erfolgt. Hierzu wird auch der schriftliche Nachlass von Herrigels Meister Awa Kenzo in die Deutung einbezogen. Außerdem wird untersucht, wie Herrigel die Erfahrungswelt des Zen-Buddhismus in seinem Nachlass „Der Zen Weg" interpretiert.</p>

著者

阿部 晃平 アベ コウヘイ Kouhei Abe

出版者

立教大学史学会

雑誌

史苑 (ISSN:03869318)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.155-182, 2020-12

著者

髙橋 紀穂

出版者

学校法人 天満学園 太成学院大学

雑誌

太成学院大学紀要 (ISSN:13490966)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.111-120, 2017 (Released:2017-04-20)

参考文献数

28

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本稿の目的はバタイユ理論における「自然」の意味を把握することにある。議論は次のようになされる。最初に,バタイユが自身の議論の基底に「自然」を置いていること,また,その「自然」の意味づけが変化しているという観点を示す(第1節)。次に,1927年頃に書かれたと思われる最初期のエッセイ「太陽肛門」において描き出されている「自然」を明らかにする(第2節)。続いて,雑誌「ドキュマン」においてバタイユが発表した論考から彼の「自然」概念の変化を考える(第3節)。次に,「社会批評」に1932年に発表された論文「ヘーゲル弁証法への基底への批判」における「自然」概念の展開を見る(第4節)。われわれはこれらの探求によりバタイユの考える「自然」が詩的・文学的なイメージを超え,ひとつの政治哲学的思想を支える基礎にまで展開されていることを示す。最後に,これらの探求を踏まえた上での今後必要となる研究に触れる(第5節)。

著者

土方 直史

出版者

経済研究所

雑誌

経済研究所年報 (ISSN:02859718)

巻号頁・発行日

no.53, pp.579-596, 2021-10-05

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これまで多くの研究者は、ジェレミー・ベンサムの功利主義を「エピキュリアン伝統」との連結性の中で理解してこなかった。F・ローゼンは、ベンサムの功利主義思想を17世紀以降のエピキュリアン伝統の中に位置づけて理解することを提起している。しかし、ベンサムが自身の哲学を、エピクロスの哲学から導いたわけではない。むしろ、本稿で紹介する女性哲学者フランシス・ライト著『アテネの数日』(A Few Days in Athens)を読む以前に、彼がエピクロスの哲学に関心を持っていたとは言い難い。さらに、快楽主義と幸福の実現という主題の下、エピクロスとゼノンの論争を物語形式で展開したこの哲学的小説の思想史的評価は、ベンサムにエピクロスの哲学の紹介をした、というものにとどまらない。この作品においてライトは、後にW・トンプソン、R・オウエン、J・S・ミルらが主張するフェミニズム論の原型、すなわちエピクロスの哲学とベンサムの功利主義思想を哲学的基礎とする女性論を示したと言えるだろう。

著者

小山 虎

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.165-177, 2003-12-30 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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D. Lewis said that there are three solutions for the problem of temporary intrinsics, namely, relationalism, presentism, and four-dimensionalism. Lewis also argued that the only tenable one is four-dimensionalism. But advocates of the other solutions reject it. Although objection is possible, it seems that Lewis' argument is not enough to show that four-dimensionalism is the best. However, it doesn't mean that four-dimensionalism is not worth considering. For relationalism and presentism are inconsistent. Moreover, relationalism must deny.ordinary talk and presentism doesn't contradict with four-dimensionalism. So it is concluded that four-dimensionalist doesn't have to throw away his position.

著者

鹿島 徹

出版者

物語研究会

雑誌

物語研究 (ISSN:13481622)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.24-38, 2013-03-31

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As a response to the prospectus (shui-bun) of the symposium of Monogatari Kenkyukai in Summer 2012, and with regard to the recent discussion concerning methodology of historiography in Japan, this essay both tries to make the significance of procedure of historical verification clear and criticizes the positivist self-understanding of many historians. It takes up HAGITANI Boku's study of Tosa nikki as an example to show how highly specialized research of traditional Japanese literature has the potential of contributing to the discovery of traces of unrecorded existence of "forgotten ones," and makes us aware of a similar kind of people in the present society, referring to the historical theory of Walter Benjamin's "On the Concept of History." In the aforementioned situation, it isn't a narrative/story, but a Gild (image) that functions as a medium for finding out and expressing the hidden existence of these people. Furthermore, this essay considers what "stories woven in a dynamic interchange of fiction and fact" could mean in the context of the symposium prospectus. The clue is Benjamin's "The Storyteller", which analyses the flexibility and mutability of a story as a tool of communicating one's experience to others. Such a story is able to liberate us from a solid narrative framework of historiography and the novel as a modern genre of literature. With the help of Paul Ricoeur's concept "refiguration," this essay points out that every historical, fictive, and factual/fictive story might change the way of life of the storyteller as well as the listener and reader.

著者

倉田 剛

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2020, no.71, pp.49-68, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-05-12)

参考文献数

21

著者

倉科 岳志

出版者

イタリア学会

雑誌

イタリア学会誌 (ISSN:03872947)

巻号頁・発行日

no.58, pp.109-129, 2008-10-19

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Questo lavoro intende chiarire lo svolgimento immanente del pensiero di Croce dal 1902 al 1909 e il significato storico della Filosofia dello Spirito, completata attraverso le tre opere filosofiche, Estetica come scienza dell'espressione e linguistica generale (nelle prime tre edizioni), Logica come scienza del concetto puro (nelle prime due edizioni) e Filosofia della pratica. Economia e Etica. A tale scopo, si esaminano dal punto di vista filologico le modifiche esistenti tra le diverse edizioni: precisando l'ordine cronologico delle opere e confrontandolo con i carteggi e i Taccuini del lavoro, la ricerca si soffermera sui rapporti teorici tra gli scritti filosofici. In primo luogo, per mettere in rilievo con prospettive piu ampie l'importante ruolo di queste opere filosofiche nell'attivita culturale di Croce, si intende descrivere il nesso tra la Filosofia dello Spirito e le altre pubblicazioni (collana "Classici della filosofia moderna" e La Critica. Rivista di letteratura, storia e filosofza). In secondo luogo, si intende notare una <<modificazione di concetto>> confrontando le due edizioni dell'Estetica (1902 e 1904) con i Lineamenti di una logica come scienza del concetto puro (1905). Nei Lineamenti la <<natura>> coincide con l'atto spirituale, mentre nelle prime due edizioni dell'Estetica essa e collocata al di fuori dello Spirito. Fu la lettura critica di Hegel del 1905 ad indurre Croce a rifiutare il positivismo, a negare il concetto di <<natura>> e a inglobarlo nello Spirito umano. In terzo luogo, si vuole evidenziare l'elaborazione del sistema filosofico che emerge nelle varianti riscontrabili tra Riduzione della Filosofia del diritto alla Filosofia dell'economia (1907) e la Filosofia della pratica (1909). In queste due opere, Croce intende spiegare il dinamismo della storia tramite la Filosofia dello Spirito, che vorrebbe sostituire al positivismo. Nella Riduzione si sofferma sulla storia dell'attivita giuridica, sostenendo che <<non rientra in quella della scienza [...] ma nella storia della politica e della civilta>>, concepisce, poi, l'attivita giuridica come l'azione <<pratica che e per se ne morale ne immorale>>, azione che tutti gli uomini compiono non solo nei confronti delle leggi dello Stato, ma anche nei confronti di ogni altra regola, ad esempio il galateo, il codice cavalleresco e persino quello della mafia. Questa attivita e costituita dalla <<volizione>> umana, concetto approfondito nella Filosofia della pratica, con l'esame del quale Croce perfeziona la filosofia dello Spirito e sottolinea che <<nessun sistema filosofico e definitivo, perche la Vita, essa, non e mai definitiva>>. Per ultimo si rilevano i cambiamenti nella terza edizione dell'Estetica (1908) e nella seconda della Logica (1909). Visto che queste due opere vennero corrette dopo la Filosofia della pratica, le correzioni furono influenzate dal sistema filosofico allargato, un sistema che, risolvendo i nuovi problemi della Vita, andrebbe rinnovato ininterrottamente. Mentre nell'Estetica il filosofo napoletano modifico solo alcune parti importanti, decise invece di <<scrivere da capo>> la seconda edizione della Logica: per proporre una filosofia piu efficace e sostituire il positivismo individuando la realta nel modo concreto e universale, doveva infatti spostare il ruolo della storia nella filosofia dello Spirito. La storia, che intorno al 1905 era considerata <<intuizione intellettuale>> posta tra l'arte e la filosofia, venne ridefinita nel 1909 come <<concetto puro>> ormai allontanato dall'arte e identificato con la filosofia. Croce defini l'attivita intellettuale come <<concetto puro>> che evidenzia la realta concreta e universale e le scienze naturali come <<edifizi di pseudoconcetti>> ai quali manca la realta. Gia nel 1901 Croce, confessando il motivo fondamentale del suo studio, sostenne che <<se il linguaggio e il primo momento dello spirito, [...] non si puo sperare d'intendere bene le frasi posteriori e piu complicate, quando il primo e piu semplice resta mal noto, mutilato, sfigurato>>. Cosi, mentre nella prima edizione dell'Estetica difendeva l'autonomia dell'<<intuizione>>, piu tardi concepi non solo una teoria sulla lingua come formazione spirituale, ma anche un sistema filosofico, basato sullo Spirito umano, capace di sostituire il positivismo e costruire un presupposto per le altre scienze particolari. Tuttavia per i giovani lettori, la figura di Croce e il suo sistema filosofico si configuravano come una nuova autorita. Pertanto, in questa prospettiva, e considerando il dissenso delle nuove generazioni, sara opportuno definire la storia intellettuale dei primi anni del Novecento come il periodo dell'egemonia culturale di Croce.

著者

谷川 卓

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.37-51, 2014-07-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

参考文献数

23

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David Lewis argues that the thesis of Humility follows from two metaphysical principles; combinatorial principle and quidditism. The thesis has received attention of philosophers because of its skeptical implication, but only by focusing on that point one may underestimate the significance of Humility. Another implication drawn from the thesis pertains to the methodological issue, that is, justification of metaphysical principles. A key for the justification of two metaphysical principles in question is correspondence between our thought and the world, and it is required to develop modal epistemology in the way to oppose to Saul Kripke's view.

著者

信原 幸弘

出版者

東洋大学国際哲学研究センター

雑誌

国際哲学研究 = Journal of International Philosophy (ISSN:21868581)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.別冊13, pp.7-20, 2020-03

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1579, pp.26-28, 2011-02-21

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最初は1987年に発売した据え置き型の「ファミリーコンピュータ」の3D試聴用周辺装置「ファミコン3Dシステム」。専用ゴーグルを使ったもので、当時、ゲーム開発会社のハル研究所に在籍していた岩田社長も、任天堂の宮本茂専務と一緒に対応ソフトを制作したが、ヒットに至らなかった。 次は任天堂のスター技術者だった故・横井軍平氏が開発した、95年発売の「バーチャルボーイ」だ。

著者

高野 秀之 タカノ ヒデユキ Hideyuki Takano

雑誌

嘉悦大学研究論集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.77-99, 2009-10-01

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本稿は、平成20 年度嘉悦大学特別研究『認知言語学を理論基盤とした文法教育の研究』の第1章として共同研究者に提供した、言語学史の概要部分を加筆・修正したものである。その中で、筆者は認知言語学を最新の言語観として位置づけ、言語学の歴史において、その要請はことばに関する哲学的な議論の当然の帰結であると主張している。近代以降の言語学史において、最新の言語理論というものは、直前の言語観をアンチテーゼとして成立したものであるという見方が、一応、共通の認識になっている。しかし、それでは言語研究の歴史の中で展開されてきた言語観の変遷は不問に付され、最新の言語観と直前のそれとの差異ばかりが過剰なまでに強調されているような印象を受ける。理論言語学の目的は、最新の言語理論がどれだけ言語一般の特性を表すものであるかを共時的に検証するとともに、そこに至るまでの言語観の変遷を通時的に実証することにある。ことばをどのように扱うのかという問題は、ある言語理論がどれだけ多くの言語に対応するものであるかを論じるだけではなく、それぞれの時代において言語学者がどのような視座に立ち、何を取捨選択してきたのかを振り返ることによって初めて明らかにされるものである。今回の取り組みが、哲学者や思想(史)家から浅薄なものであるという指摘を受けることになったとしても、それは次の言語理論を創出する過程においては、必要不可欠な作業であると考える。言語学者自身が言語観の変遷を振り返ることにより、言語学は更なる発展を遂げるのである。

著者

佐藤 暁

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.62, pp.253-266_L15, 2011 (Released:2011-12-09)

参考文献数

9

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Inquiry into the theory of meaning (hereafter refered to as “inquiry”) is a new method of inquiry in the philosophy of language proposed in the 1960s. It was considered new in terms of both its subject and method. In this paper, we identify the subject and method of Dummett's analysis, as he advocated his anti-realist theory of meaning. For Dummett, inquiry is the analysis of the ability that a person who can speak a language actually has, that is, a practical ability to speak a particular language. The ability to speak a language is not the ability to speak sentences or a set of such abilities, because one learns to speak a language not by memorizing sentences or their use. An analysis of the ability to speak a language is parallel to that of an ability to cook a particular dish. Dummett says a theory of meaning is a description of linguistic ability.However, it is not clear how we can philosophically “describe” an unobservable ability that is distinguished from any observable act. In justifying his project, Dummett asserts that practical abilities can be classified as knowledge or nonknowledge. The former abilities, being knowledge themselves, have propositions the knowledge of which translates to the ability itself. These propositions are not a description of the ability from the outside but an “internal description” of such an ability. The propositions themselves are components of an ability, and abilities can be philosophically analyzed by clarifying these propositions. Dummett states that the abilities to speak a language and cook a dish are both knowledge.In cooking, the recipe of a dish is an internal description of the ability to cook the dish. Therefore, we can clarify propositions corresponding to a recipe in cooking as an analysis of linguistic ability. Clarifying such propositions is inquiry, and the propositions constitute a theory of meaning for language.

著者

鬼頭 葉子

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.81-94, 2015-03-31 (Released:2018-08-28)

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This article explores the status of animal ethics in contemporary Christian thought, considering traditional theological interpretations of animals. The subject of animal ethics is dominated by two different theories. In the utilitarian approach, Peter Singer argues for freeing animals from human domination (“animal liberation”), while according to Tom Regan’s imperative approach, individual animals have “animal rights.” Singer and Regan both criticize traditional theological interpretations of animals, because traditional Christian thinkers adhere to the anthropocentric assumption that humans have the right to exploit other animals. Christian interpretations of the “image of God” in which humankind was created fall largely into two categories: the substantial and the relational. Recently, many contemporary theologians have emphasized the relational aspects of the “image of God.” Stanley Hauerwas and John Berkman consider that the significant theological difference between humans and animals lies in the unique purpose given to humans by God, rather than human rationality as such. From this standpoint, people have a responsibility to serve animals and to represent their best interests. As humans we are required to care for our animal neighbors, like the Good Samaritan. Animal Ethics in contemporary Christian thought has the potential to develop other ethical considerations, such as the question of our moral responsibility to people with cognitive disabilities, because animals, babies, and the mentally and intellectually disabled cannot themselves defend their right to be treated morally.

著者

納富 信留

出版者

国士舘大学哲学会

雑誌

国士舘哲学 (ISSN:13432389)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, 2013-03

著者

吉田 寛

出版者

東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部美学芸術学研究室

雑誌

美学藝術学研究 (ISSN:13426095)

巻号頁・発行日

no.20, pp.155-191, 2002-03-29

著者

有田 隆也

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.73-91, 2000-11-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

17

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Adaptation is an essential characteristic of living organisms, which can be grasped clearly by formulating the concept of dynamic fitness-landscapes. We constructed minimal models whose behavior depends on linguistic interaction between individuals and conducted computational experiments based on a constructive approach so as to capture realistic images of dynamic fitness-landscapes. Then, we focused on the effects of phenotypic plasticity on the adaptive walk on complex fitness-landscapes by conducting computational experiments. The results of the computational experiments suggested a new image of adaptation of living organisms.