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Transmission-EBSD (t-EBSD) method is proposed as a new method for nano-scale microstructures analysis of materials. t-EBSD uses TEM thin foil specimen. Electrons transmitted through the specimen form EBSD patterns. A EBSD detector used for standard EBSD (s-EBSD) is used to acquire these t-EBSD patterns. The patterns are indexed in the same manner as s-EBSD to get crystal orientation. The conditions to get good t-EBSD patterns, formation of t-EBSD patterns and spatial resolution of this method are studied in this paper. Specimen thickness affects seriously to the results of orientation mapping by t-EBSD. It is confirmed that t-EBSD patterns are formed at the bottom layer of the specimen. If the specimen is very thin, the patterns become very weak and noisy. If the specimen becomes thicker, t-EBSD patterns lose its contrast and sometimes patterns become weak with reverse contrast bands. This means that total thickness of the specimen is important for t-EBSD method, but overlapped grains look not so big problem to get t-EBSD patterns. Electron beam spread in the specimen is reduced due to thin foil specimen, and it improves spatial resolution of EBSD orientation map. It is confirmed that it can achieve about 10 nm spatial resolution and about 30 nm size grains can be detected with reasonable thickness specimen.

2014-09-16 23:45:39
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1 0 0 0 OA デザインにおける美しさと機能性の共存可能性

著者: 酒井正明齋藤洋典白石知子井藤寛志
出版者: 日本認知科学会
雑誌: 認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.16, no.3, pp.433-447, 2009 (Released:2010-09-10)
参考文献数: 14

Designers are expected to create beautiful and functional products. Based on a concept of user-friendliness, users expect to understand functions mounted on a product without special knowledge and experience with the manipulation of the designers' real product, while usability of products is measured in terms of users' observation and manipulation. The purpose of this study was to focus on users' observation and to examine whether users can correctly understand functions of a designed product (digital sphygmomanometers), regardless of their medical knowledge, without manipulation. We conducted two experiments to test whether users, regardless of their expert knowledge, elicit high marks in the function-estimation task as well as in the beauty-evaluation task. Two groups of students with or without nursing education were asked to estimate functions and evaluate beauty of two types of digital sphygmomanometer (an old design model and its new model redesigned) based solely on the observation of the products' pictures without manipulating the real products. The results indicated that the two groups of participants showed higher correct responses to the old type than the new type in the function-estimation task, while they showed higher evaluations of the new type than the old type in the beauty-evaluation task. In particular, the results of nursing students in the function-estimation task indicated that medical knowledge in the nursing group did not contribute to the correct estimation of the operation procedure for the new model. These results suggest that designer's efforts for the new model were successful in production of beauty but were not successful in production of perceptive functionality under the present observation condition without manipulation of the real products. We discussed these results based on a framework of co-existence of beauty and functionality in the designers' work.

2014-09-16 22:42:43
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1 0 0 0 OA 日本列島の基盤地質問題と爆破地震学

著者: 加納博
出版者: 一般社団法人日本地質学会
雑誌: 地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.75, no.5, pp.247-254, 1969-05-25 (Released:2008-04-11)
参考文献数: 19
被引用文献数: 2 1

2014-09-16 22:20:11
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1 0 0 0 OA カワガラスのセンサス

著者: 細野隆次
出版者: The Ornithological Society of Japan
雑誌: 鳥 (ISSN:00409480)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.27, no.1, pp.21-26, 1978-06-30 (Released:2007-09-28)
参考文献数: 5

石川県を流れる浅ノ川の中流域に於いて、1972年から1977年にかけてカワガラスのセンサスを行なった。カワガラスは周年みられ、毎年1月から2月にかけて造巣•産卵し、その個体数は季節的消長が激しい。この観察区域内で4月上旬から10月下旬にかけては平均1羽にすぎないが、11月から翌年の3月にかけては11羽以上に達する。カワガラスの棲息環境を知るよすがとして土手から観察できる全ての鳥類を記録した。完全にこの河川に依存して生活している鳥として、カワガラス以外にヤマセミとカワセミがほぼ周年観察された。主としてこの河川域に依存していると思われる鳥としては、コサギとコチドリが認められた。

2014-09-16 21:45:19
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1 0 0 0 OA Coffee inhibits adipocyte differentiation via inactivation of PPARγ

著者: Ryohei Aoyagi Megumi Funakoshi-Tago Yosuke Fujiwara Hiroomi Tamura
出版者: 公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日: pp.b14-00378, (Released:2014-09-11)
参考文献数: 24
被引用文献数: 5 35

Recent epidemiological studies showed that coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, presumably due to suppression of excess fat accumulation in adipocytes. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of coffee on adipocyte differentiation has not been well documented. To elucidate the mechanism, we investigated the effect of coffee on the differentiation of mouse preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. Coffee reduced the accumulation of lipids during adipocytic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. At 5% coffee, the accumulation of lipids decreased to half that of the control. Coffee also inhibited the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a transcription factor controlling the differentiation of adipocytes. Furthermore, coffee reduced the expression of other differentiation marker genes, aP2, adiponectin, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), GLUT4, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), during adipocyte differentiation. Major bioactive constituents in coffee extracts, such as caffeine, trigonelline, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, showed no effect on PPARγ gene expression. The inhibitory activity was produced by the roasting of the coffee beans.

2014-09-16 21:22:23
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1 0 0 0 OA サレジオ高専放送部が取材する学生のプロジェクト活動

著者: 山川雄大北村徳隆矢崎克侑米盛弘信
出版者: 公益社団法人日本工学教育協会
雑誌: 工学教育 (ISSN:13412167)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.59, no.2, pp.2_120-2_125, 2011 (Released:2011-04-06)
参考文献数: 1

2014-09-16 20:40:10
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1 0 0 0 OA 特許に関心を

著者: 秋山裕一
出版者: 公益財団法人日本醸造協会
雑誌: 日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.83, no.12, pp.781-781, 1988-12-15 (Released:2011-09-20)

2014-09-16 19:13:57
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1 0 0 0 OA Preferences for pharmacist counselling in patients with breast cancer: a discrete choice experiment

著者: Takashi Kawaguchi Kanako Azuma Takuhiro Yamaguchi Satoru Iwase Tadaharu Matsunaga Kimito Yamada Hironobu Miyamatsu Hironori Takeuchi Norio Kohno Takao Akashi Sakae Unezaki
出版者: 公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日: pp.b14-00452, (Released:2014-09-09)
参考文献数: 47
被引用文献数: 13

With the shift of a large proportion of cancer chemotherapy recipients to ambulatory care, the role of hospital pharmacists has changed, and their provision of information is essential care for cancer patients. There is little research on pharmacist–patient relations, particularly about pharmacist counselling, in Japan. To meet patients' needs, pharmacist counselling should be optimized. Here, breast cancer patients' preferences for pharmacist counselling were assessed using a discrete choice experiment. Bayesian nonlinear optimal methodology was employed to obtain six attributes (attitude of pharmacist, quality of information, explanation of side effects, frequency of pharmacist counselling before starting chemotherapy, cost of pharmacist counselling, and follow-up with the pharmacist after starting chemotherapy) of two to three levels each. The attributes and levels were used to create 12 hypothetical scenarios that were divided into two questionnaires of six choice sets each. Two hundred eighty participants were randomly assigned to complete one of these questionnaires (blocks). Attributes were analyzed by conditional logit model to determine significant predictors of patient preferences. The responses of 278 patients to 1667 scenarios were analyzed. Attitude of pharmacist, quality of information, cost of pharmacist counselling, and follow-up with the pharmacist after starting chemotherapy were significant predictors of patient preferences, with quality of information receiving the highest priority. Thus patients receiving pharmacist counselling before starting chemotherapy prefer to interact with a pharmacist with a friendly, interested attitude who provides individualized information. Further research is needed to elucidate the information that Japanese patients consider most important and to enhance pharmacist–patient communication.

2014-09-16 17:33:13
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1 0 0 0 OA 英語による論文執筆スキル

著者: 佐藤德
出版者: 日本感情心理学会
雑誌: 感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.17, no.3, pp.199-203, 2010-03-25 (Released:2011-02-20)

In this paper, it was presented for the beginners how to write, to submit, and to publish papers in international journals. However, there is nothing special for writing papers in English. The important thing is what you want to investigate irrespective of which language you write it in.