著者

原 正育

出版者

一般社団法人 表面技術協会

雑誌

実務表面技術 (ISSN:03682358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.10, pp.478-481, 1974-10-01 (Released:2009-10-30)

著者

松浦 克美

出版者

日本微生物生態学会 / 日本土壌微生物学会 / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / 植物微生物研究会

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.269-275, 1998-12-31 (Released:2009-10-05)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

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Green filamentous bacteria (Chloroflexus) and cyanobacteria are commonly observed in bacterial mats of hot springs with the temperature range betwen 45 and 70°C and pH range between 6.5 and 9.0. Sulfide concentration is another factor which largely affects the distribution of thermophilic photosynthetic bacteria. Chloroflexus spp. are thought to maintain many characteristics of the oldest photosynthetic bacteria. Photosynthetic bacterial mats in hot springs are important for the studies on early stages of the evolution of photosynthesis.

著者

Shôji MAEHARA

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.4, pp.131-137, 1969-03-31 (Released:2009-02-16)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

1

著者

松野 孝一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会

雑誌

生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.101-101, 2002 (Released:2002-05-28)

著者

新谷 雅司 安永 幸二郎

出版者

関西医科大学医学会

雑誌

関西医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00228400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1-2, pp.30-31, 1991-06-20 (Released:2013-02-19)

参考文献数

7

著者

山根 英雄

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.12, pp.907-914, 2005-12-01 (Released:2011-10-07)

参考文献数

29

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Surgery for congenital aural atresia is among the most difficult and challenging procedures for both ear surgeons and patients. Some previous reports have not recommended this type of surgery with confidence, because of the difficulty of the surgery itself and because postoperative hearing gain has not been as good as was expected, while postoperative complications such as middle ear infection sometimes occur. How then should the otolaryngologist approach this disease? When microtia coexists with aural atresia, the otolaryngologist sometimes hesitates to decide how to treat atresia because of excessive attention to microtia. The difficulty of atresia surgery should be considered apart from microtia because the microtia itself is not a crucial factor in such surgery. At present, it is hoped that otolaryngologists will develop several strategies such as reliable surgery with good postoperative hearing results without postoperative complications and new devices such as BAHA.

著者

Hideki OSHIMA Yoichi KATAYAMA

出版者

社団法人 日本脳神経外科学会

雑誌

Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.9, pp.845-852, 2010 (Released:2010-09-25)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

4 12 6

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The theoretical basis of some deep brain stimulation (DBS) trials undertaken in the early years was the phenomenon of “brain stimulation reward (BSR),” which was first identified in rats. The animals appeared to be rewarded by pleasure caused by the stimulation of certain brain regions (reward system), such as the septal area. “Self-stimulation” experiments, in which rats were allowed to stimulate their own brain by pressing a freely accessible lever, they quickly learned lever pressing and sometimes continued to stimulate until they exhausted themselves. BSR was also observed with DBS of the septal area in humans. DBS trials in later years were undertaken on other theoretical bases, but unexpected BSR was sometimes induced by stimulation of some areas, such as the locus coeruleus complex. When BSR was induced, the subjects experienced feelings that were described as “cheerful,” “alert,” “good,” “well-being,” “comfort,” “relaxation,” “joy,” or “satisfaction.” Since the DBS procedure is equivalent to a “self-stimulation” experiment, they could become “addicted to the stimulation itself” or “compulsive about the stimulation,” and stimulate themselves “for the entire day,” “at maximum amplitude” and, in some instances, “into convulsions.” DBS of the reward system has recently been applied to alleviate anhedonia in patients with refractory major depression. Although this approach appears promising, there remains a difficult problem: who can adjust their feelings and reward-oriented behavior within the normal range? With a self-stimulation procedure, the BSR may become uncontrollable. To develop DBS to the level of a standard therapy for mental disorders, we need to discuss “Who has the right to control the mental condition?” and “Who makes decisions” on “How much control is appropriate?” in daily life.

著者

Michael P. JANES

出版者

日本サンゴ礁学会

雑誌

Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies (ISSN:18830838)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.Supplement, pp.195-200, 2013 (Released:2014-06-25)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

9

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The Xeniidae are a major component of benthic coral reef communities in Lembeh, Indonesia. A two-week survey of the xeniids from this region was conducted. Scuba collections were carried out to a depth of 25 meters. A total of 48 samples were examined, encompassing a variety of species found in Lembeh Strait. Representatives of the genera Anthelia, Cespitularia, Heteroxenia, Sansibia, Sympodium, and Xenia were recorded using microscopic analysis. Visual estimates were made of the underwater abundance and distribution of these genera. Three habitats containing xeniids were identified. Sand slopes, which were limited to the genera Anthelia, and Xenia. Hard substratum patch reefs supported the greatest diversity, which included communities of Anthelia, Cespitularia, Heteroxenia, Sansibia, Sympodium, and Xenia. The genera Cespitularia, Heteroxenia and Xenia were found to colonize reef walls. Only one colony of Sansibia and one colony of Sympodium were recorded in this survey. Abundant assemblages of Xenia were found to occur at depths of 3-25 meters, primarily on sand slopes. Interestingly, most colonies of Cespitularia and Heteroxenia were observed below 10 meters on both patch reefs and reef walls.

著者

中村 由佳

出版者

関東社会学会

雑誌

年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.19, pp.189-200, 2006-07-31 (Released:2010-04-21)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2

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From the mid 1990s, a new form of fashion has occupied part of the urban space of Japan: “street fashion”. What are the patterns of organization and communication in the urban space formed by “street fashion”? This paper attempts to examine “Ura-Harajuku”, the center of post 1980s' fashion in Tokyo, applying a dramaturgical approach. After that, the range of the approach itself and its limits are considered.

著者

柏木 洋彦 鹿園 直建

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.4, pp.473-488, 2003-08-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

85

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Climate change and variations of atmospheric CO2 during Cenozoic have been discussed by many studies. The model results for global carbon cycle and climate change are generally consistent with those of many analytical studies concerning climate events in early Cenozoic, e.g., early Eocene warming events. However, the climate events proposed by analytical studies in late Cenozoic are not wholly inconsistent with the results of the model studies, e.g., Miocene climatic optimum (warming), cooling events in Eocene/Oligocene boundary and middle Miocene (15 Ma). Many problems remain in relation to evaluating CO2 flux by hydrothermal solutions at mid-ocean ridges, island-arc, and back-arc basins in the models. Also, the discrepancy may be derived from errors in estimating weathering flux, organic carbon burial, and change in vegetation. Moreover, another greenhouse effect gas such as methane, land-sea distribution, albedo variations due to the formation of ice-sheets, and temperature distribution attributed to changes in the ocean circulation system should be considered. Recent analytical studies reveal that the CO2 level since Miocene has remained relatively low in spite of the suggested climate events in this period. The mechanism of oceanic environmental change, as well as atmospheric CO2, is especially important to elucidate climate change during Cenozoic.

著者

池 俊介 杜 国慶 白坂 蕃 張 貴民

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

E-journal GEO (ISSN:18808107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.208-222, 2013 (Released:2013-11-01)

参考文献数

15

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中国の雲南省では,1990年代後半から農村地域における観光地化が著しく進んだ.しかし,外部資本により観光施設が建設され,観光地化が地域住民の所得向上や地域社会の発展に寄与していない事例も存在するため,地域住民による内発的で自律的な観光施設の運営を実現し,観光収入が農民の所得水準の向上に着実に結びつくような経営を行ってゆくことが大きな課題となっている.本稿では,納西族の農民により観光乗馬施設の自律的な共同経営が行われている雲南省北西部の拉市海周辺地域を対象として,その形成プロセスと共同経営の実態について調査した.その結果,平等な収益分配,投票によるリーダーの選出など,きわめて民主的な観光乗馬施設の運営が行われ,地元住民の所得向上にも貢献していることが明らかとなった.

著者

胡 信弘 南山 剛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本コンクリート工学会

雑誌

コンクリート工学 (ISSN:03871061)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.5, pp.37-42, 1995-05-01 (Released:2013-04-26)

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平羅橋は, 大崎下島地区農道整備事業の一環として, 大崎下島と平羅島とを結ぶ単径間の1室箱げたPC斜張橋である。プレキャストブロックよりなる主げたは張り出し工法によって架設されたが, これは日本で初めてのことである。PC斜張橋は, 塩害対策面を考慮して選ばれ, また, 単径間の斜張構造は橋体下の漁場の確保と平面線形での見通しの面を考慮して選ばれた。プレキャストブロック工法は, 工期短縮と高強度コンクリートの品質管理上の理由に加え, ブロックの製作とストックのためのヤードが近隣に確保できたことから適用された。

著者

倉重 光宏

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

テレビジョン学会誌 (ISSN:03866831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.5, pp.401-407, 1983-05-20 (Released:2011-03-14)

参考文献数

9

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本論文は, 低速度のビームランディングに固有のセルフシャープニング効果が撮像管の解像度決定にどう寄与するかを明らかにすることを目的として, 同効果を支配する代表的な3つのパラメーターである, ターゲット蓄積容量, 信号電流, 走査線ピッチを選び, その影響を実測, および筆者が確立した解析理論により検討したものである. その結果, (i) セルフシャープニング効果は上述した3つのパラメーターに顕著に依存し, 例えば代表的な撮像管の設計に見られる蓄積容量数千pFのターゲットに対して数十%の解像度改善をもたらすこと, (ii) しかし, 本効果は蓄積容量が3000pF以上の場合や信号電流が数10nA以下では消滅すること, また (iii) 走査線本数を適度に増やすと本効果によって垂直解像度が顕著に改善されることなどが実測, 理論とも一致した結論として得られ, 今後の撮像管設計や撮像管の使いこなしに必須の貴重な指針が得られた.

著者

石川 幸一郎 谷口 治人 鈴木 宏和 太田 豊 水野 陽二郎

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌B(電力・エネルギー部門誌) (ISSN:03854213)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.7, pp.568-578, 2014 (Released:2014-07-01)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

6

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Because of global warming, the attention to the photovoltaic generation has increased, and a lot of photovoltaic generations will be installed in the power system. In Japan, most photovoltaic generations will be connected to the distribution system. This will make the power flow in the power system changed. That is to say that the forward power flow (flow from higher voltage system to lower voltage system) reduces, or, moreover, that the reverse power flow occurs. Because of the change in power flow, the voltage characteristics will be also changed. Consequently, it is expected that the penetration of photovoltaic generation has some impacts on voltage stability. In previous study, the voltage characteristics in simple power system model which consists of one infinite bus, one load, and one photovoltaic generation is made clear. It is indicated from the results that there is not only forward power flow limit but also reverse power flow limit (left nose in PV curve), and that, when the output power from photovoltaic generation is very large, left nose sometimes has some impacts on voltage stability. In this paper, the voltage stability in the simple power system model considering the dynamics of an induction motor is discussed.

著者

石川 幸一郎 谷口 治人 鈴木 宏和 太田 豊 水野 陽二郎

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌B(電力・エネルギー部門誌) (ISSN:03854213)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.1, pp.2-8, 2014-01-01 (Released:2014-01-01)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 9

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Because of global warming, the attention to the photovoltaic generation has increased, and a lot of photovoltaic generations will be installed to the power system in future. In Japan, most photovoltaic generations will be connected to the distribution system. This will make the power flow in the power system changed. That is to say that the forward power flow (flow from higher voltage system to lower voltage system) reduces, or, moreover, that the reverse power flow occurs. Because of the change in power flow, the voltage characteristics will be also changed. Consequently, it is expected that the penetration of photovoltaic generation has some impacts on voltage stability. In this paper, simple power system model which consists of one infinite bus, one load, and one photovoltaic generation is considered, and the fundamental voltage characteristics are discussed by PV curves and phasor diagram. The voltage characteristics considering the current limit by PCS (Power Conditioning System) in the photovoltaic generation are also discussed.

著者

岩瀬 哲治

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.19-19, 2014 (Released:2014-01-24)

著者

林 陽生

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.57-64, 1992-06-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

15

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To investigate dependencies in the magnitudes of a waving ear on mean wind speed, field observations were carried out over a barley filed in the ripe stage. Fluctuating displacements derived from HONAMI were measured using a newly designed 2-dimension strain sensor. The velocity fields were measured by a sonic anemometer-thermometer.A coherently waving phenomena of HONAMI appeared and was evaluated by the fluctuating displacements of a single ear of the stand. Dividing a time series of the fluctuating displacement into five typical bands of frequency by use of an analog filter, it was shown that there are two dominants of 0.5-Hz and below 0.1-Hz in the original. The bands were from a natural frequency and a gustness of wind respectively. Comparing the amplitudes, the natural frequency contributed remakably to the original fluctuation of HONAMI.Magnitudes of an instantaneous ear-displacement, which represents 0.5-0.6-Hz of frequency, varied with increments of the mean wind speed within a range of 2.6-4.4-m/s. Except for this range, the dependency between the amplitude and the wind speed was not clear.Instantaneous changes in lateral displacements and velocity fluctuations were quite similar except for the component of higher frequencies. Under such circumstances, an ear-displacement will appear to infulence strongly the aero-dynamical properties of the canopy boundary layer.The force per unit length acts on a waving ear generates by a relative velocity of u-dx/dt. Here, u is the mean wind speed, and dx is the displacement of an ear from its mean position during dt. Using this concept, drug force was evaluated under two criteria for leeward ear-moving and ear-standing. Under the windy conditions, the force loaded on an waving ear reduced by 10% against the standing criterion with dx=0. On the other hand, the reduction rate became small down to 4% of the standing criterion under the condition of weak wind.

著者

西田 秀雄

出版者

日本美術教育学会

雑誌

美術教育 (ISSN:13434918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1952, no.4, pp.12-13, 1952-05-25 (Released:2011-08-10)

著者

広田 実

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.6, pp.363-376, 1959-03-31 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

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Problem: Easel pictures painted by children freely were analysed into items according to the categories of painting characteristics and each of them was rated from two points of the quantity of painting expression (e.g., the length of strokes, area of a mass, number of dabs, etc.) and the effect of expression (e.g., distance from left edge of paper to painted things, recognizable forms, etc.). Then, the questions to be answered were as follows: What are the quantity and the effect of painting expression? How do they change with age? What factors are found in characteristics of children's painting? Have its characteristics been analysed and rated accurately? How much is its rating affected by errors? To what extent is the agreement among caters gained?Procedure: Two age groups of young children, consisting of 22 four-year-olds (IQ 119 on the average), and 29 six-year-olds (IQ 111 on the average) were selected from a kindergarten and a nursery school of middle class districts in Kyoto City. Pictures painted 4 times each with interval of more than 7 days, were analysed into 71 items and were rated into 4 grades. The categories of items were defined as clearly and unambiguously as possible.Results: 1. 4-year-olds were rated as more distinctively in items on color and on non-concreteness of form than 6-year-olds. The latter were more distinctively in items on direction and on concreteness of form than the former. Those developmental differences should be taken into consideration when personality studies and clinical researches with children's paintings are conducted.2. The correlation clusters were found when correlation coefficients of inter-items were tabulated adequately, and 3 factors were found on factor analysis. The first factor was interpreted as the emotionality of expression, the second as the effectiveness of expression, the third as the color and form quality of expression.3. Validity. Examining the internal consistency of items estimated from the intercorrelations of each item to the total by 6-year-olds, the majority of the items except several turned out to be valid.Reliability. The internal correlations of each item on 6-year-olds were mostly recognizable as significant, but several were negligible. As reliability coefficient of item battery, rtt by the method of Spearman-Brown was .74, which is reliable.4. 48 pictures painted by 12 children of 4-year-old and 6-year-old; were rated on 31 items into 4 grades by 3 raters, whose opinions on children's painting were different, and after 19 months' interval they were rated again by one of the racers, Agreement among 3 raters' ratings and the agreement between the first and the second ratings of one rater were 61% and 76% respectively on the average.

著者

濱田 幸代

出版者

日本美術教育学会

雑誌

美術教育 (ISSN:13434918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, no.297, pp.8-14, 2013-03-31 (Released:2013-08-26)

参考文献数

18

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This study was to consider the effectiveness of certain methods of teaching and assisting in the development of drawings of infants ranging from two to three years old. The first comparison was made between infants from two to two and a half years old who were subjected to either a free-drawing condition or a subjective drawing condition which included talking to children before the task. The results showed that the infants didn't show any differences between both conditions regarding form of scribbles-drawing and naming for it. The second comparison was made between infants from two and a half years old to three and a half years old who were subjected to a free-drawing condition, a subjective drawing condition#1 (the same condition which was given to the infants above), or a subjective drawing condition#2 which included a playing experience. The results showed that the infants in the subjective drawing condition group#2 showed more distinctive effects than other two groups regarding form of scribbles-drawing, and the infants both in the subjective drawing condition group#2 and condition group#1 showed more distinctive effects than the infants in the free drawing condition group regarding naming. Therefore, in this age group, the significance of introducing subjective drawings, especially one including playing, was confirmed. These results are discussed in terms of development of a chain of ‘S-O-R’ and a transferring period from an unintentional drawing activity to an intentional drawing activity.