著者
森本 泰子 原田 慎一 中本 賀寿夫 徳山 尚吾
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.133, no.11, pp.1243-1248, 2013 (Released:2013-11-01)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
1 1

The usefulness as one of the tools for self-medication of oral rehydration therapy (ORT), recommended as a safe and effective therapy for mild to moderate dehydration, was surveyed by questionnaire for pharmacists in community pharmacies. ORT products were sold in 112 pharmacies (61%), and the common product was OS-1®. Approximately 50% of sellers answered that they had no particular difficulty in explaining ORT. Percentage to answer “hard to describe” is significantly higher in pharmacists who believe there is a need to consider underlying health conditions of customers or patients when implementing ORT. Around 77% of pharmacists considered ORT to be useful in patients as a method of self-medication. A significant number of pharmacists selling ORT products depends on the consultation from customers or patients and provide advice to them confirming that ORT was useful. From these results, it was suggested that further information concerning ORT, such as its use in patients with chronic disorders or signs for completion, and the initiative of pharmacists to participate are necessary for spread the efficacy of ORT for self-medication in patients.
著者
Makoto NARUSE Masashi AONO Song-Ju KIM
出版者
一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会
雑誌
IEICE Transactions on Communications (ISSN:09168516)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.E96.B, no.11, pp.2724-2732, 2013-11-01 (Released:2013-11-01)
参考文献数
34
被引用文献数
1 5

Nature-inspired devices and architectures are attracting considerable attention for various purposes, including the development of novel computing techniques based on spatiotemporal dynamics, exploiting stochastic processes for computing, and reducing energy dissipation. This paper demonstrates that networks of optical energy transfers between quantum nanostructures mediated by optical near-field interactions occurring at scales far below the wavelength of light could be utilized for solving a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP), the satisfiability problem (SAT), and a decision making problem. The optical energy transfer from smaller quantum dots to larger ones, which is a quantum stochastic process, depends on the existence of resonant energy levels between the quantum dots or a state-filling effect occurring at the larger quantum dots. Such a spatiotemporal mechanism yields different evolutions of energy transfer patterns in multi-quantum-dot systems. We numerically demonstrate that networks of optical energy transfers can be used for solution searching and decision making. We consider that such an approach paves the way to a novel physical informatics in which both coherent and dissipative processes are exploited, with low energy consumption.
著者
南石 晃明 竹内 重吉 篠崎 悠里
出版者
農業情報学会
雑誌
農業情報研究 (ISSN:09169482)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.3, pp.159-173, 2013 (Released:2013-10-01)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
11

本稿では,全国アンケート調査に基づいて,農業法人経営における事業展開,人材育成およびICT活用の最新動向とその関連を明らかにした.まず第1に,経営規模拡大(売上高や従事者数の増加)の実態を明らかにした.第2に,売上高が増加すると経常利益が黒字の経営が増加することを明らかにした.第3に,経営規模拡大の重要戦略である事業多角化の主要共通課題が,「人員・人材確保」,「技術・ノウハウ」,「従業員育成」などの人材確保・育成と,「販路の開拓」や「情報の発信方法」などのマーケティングであることを明らかにした.第4に,経営規模拡大(従事者数)により,「作業マニュアルの作成」などの人材育成項目に取組む経営が増加することを明らかにした.第5に,ICTの活用動向および人材育成との関連について明らかにした.具体的には農業法人経営のほとんどはパソコンや携帯電話などを業務で利用しており,1~2割は各種センサー類を利用している.経営規模の大小を問わず経営のほとんどは,「財務管理」にICTを活用しているが,経営規模によってセンサー類による「情報の計測」や「自動制御」の活用割合は異なる.経営規模(従事者数)が増加するとほとんどの項目で活用割合が増加する.さらに,ICTを活用した人材育成・能力向上の取組では,「情報の整理・共有化」の取組割合は,経営規模(従業員数)に比例的に増加するが,「作業支援・判断支援」は,経営規模(従業員数)が一定の規模を超えると急増する.

1 0 0 0 OA 紹介

著者
青柳 正規
出版者
一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会
雑誌
オリエント (ISSN:00305219)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.1, pp.161-161, 1986-09-30 (Released:2010-03-12)
著者
Ryuichi Ito Yuriko Kakihana Yusuke Kawakami
出版者
(社)日本化学会
雑誌
Chemistry Letters (ISSN:03667022)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.4, pp.364-365, 2009-04-05 (Released:2009-03-21)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
50

Hydrolysis of trialkoxysilanes having various substituents gave cyclic tetrasiloxanetetraols with all-cis isomer as the major fraction in the presence of equimolar amounts of water and sodium hydroxide. All stereoisomers of phenyl derivative were produced by isomerization of the all-cis isomer in the presence of hydrochloric acid, and isolated and identified.
著者
Danny W. Scott William H. Miller Jr.
出版者
日本獣医皮膚科学会
雑誌
獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.3, pp.135-147, 2013 (Released:2013-10-31)
参考文献数
50
被引用文献数
8

過去15年の間に皮膚疾患を主訴として受診した猫の13.8%,ならびに全症例の0.9%がアトピー性皮膚炎と診断された。本症に特有の好発年齢や性差は認められなかったが,アビシニアン,ヒマラヤンまたはペルシャに好発する傾向があった。季節性を伴わない臨床症状が症例の62.4%で認められた。皮膚の反応パターンを頻度の高いものから順に挙げると,皮疹を伴わない左右対称性の?痒(特に顔面,耳介および頸部),外傷性脱毛(特に腹部,背部および四肢),粟粒性皮膚炎(特に背部および頸部)ならびに好酸球性肉芽腫群(特に亢進,腹部および大腿内側)の順であった。症例の36.2%では異なる反応パターンが同時に認められた。症例の18.6%では二次的な細菌感染が,また症例の6.6%では酵母による感染症が認められた。食物アレルギーとの合併を認めた症例の頻度はわずか4.5%で,ノミアレルギーとの合併例は認められなかった。多くの症例では,グルココルチコイド製剤や抗ヒスタミン薬,オメガ-6/オメガ-3脂肪酸,アレルゲン特異的減感作療法,ならびにこれらの併用療法により,臨床症状を良好に管理することができた。
著者
Heather D. Edginton Jeanine Peters-Kennedy Danny W. Scott
出版者
日本獣医皮膚科学会
雑誌
獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.3, pp.149-153, 2013 (Released:2013-10-31)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
2

ヒト,マウス,ウシ,ヒツジおよびアルパカでは,少数の常在T細胞が健常な表皮に存在する。加えてヒト,ウシおよびヒツジでは,少数の常在T細胞が真皮にも存在する。本研究の目的はリンパ球,CD3陽性細胞(Tリンパ球)ならびにPax5陽性細胞(Bリンパ球)が,健常犬の皮膚の真皮浅層および深層に存在するかを解析することであった。26頭の犬から採取された正常な皮膚の生検組織を対象として,真皮浅層および深層にCD3陽性細胞 ならびにPax5陽性細胞が存在するかを組織学的ならびに免疫組織化学的手法を用いて解析した。その結果,全ての検体において前述の細胞は認められなかった。この結果から,正常犬皮膚の真皮浅層および深層ではリンパ球がほとんど存在しないか,存在してもごく少数であることが示唆された。
著者
赤熊 美紀 樋口 裕樹 熊谷 武久 永田 雅彦
出版者
日本獣医皮膚科学会
雑誌
獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.3, pp.155-158, 2013 (Released:2013-10-31)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
1 2

犬アトピー性皮膚炎(cAD)におけるLactobacillus paracasei K71(K71株)の補助的治療効果を検討した。犬アトピー性皮膚炎(cAD)と診断した5例にプレドニゾロン0.5 mg/kg隔日投与を処方し,3例に試験食乳酸菌(K71株)を,2例に陽性対照セチリジン塩酸塩を併用し,12週間追跡しその補助的治療効果を検討した。皮膚病変の重症度は,獣医師によるCADESI(Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index)スコア,飼い主による痒みスコア,薬剤ステロイド使用量により評価した。試験終了時全例で皮膚症状の緩和が認められたが,K71株治療群は陽性対照治療群と比較して,CADESIスコア,痒みスコア,ステロイド使用量のいずれも減少する傾向にあった。以上より,K71株はcADの症状緩和に有用と推察された。
著者
Sung Hwun Kang Cheol Woo Kim Young Il Kim Kwi Baek Kim Sung Soo Lee Ki ok Shin
出版者
理学療法科学学会
雑誌
Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.7, pp.895-900, 2013 (Released:2013-08-20)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
1 16

[Purpose] Balance is generally defined as the ability to maintain the body’s center of gravity within its base of support and may be categorized by either static or dynamic balance. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of balance training on strength, and the functional balance ability of elite weightlifters. [Subjects] Thirty-two elite weightlifters were recruited for the present study. They were divided into exercise groups (8 high school students, 8 middle school students) and control groups (8 high school students, 8 middle school students). [Methods] Body compositions were measured by the electrical impedance method, and a Helmas system was used to measure basic physical capacities. The muscular function test was conducted using a Cybex 770. [Results] There were no significant changes in body composition after the training. In contrast, significant changes were found in the number of push-ups, one-leg standing time with eyes closed, and upper body back extension. Interestingly, only the left arm external rotation value after the exercise training program showed a statistically significant difference from the baseline value. [Conclusion] The peak torque values of shoulder internal rotation and knee extension were significantly changed compared to the baseline values, which mean subjects showed balance of their muscular power. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that an 8-week balance-training program would positively affect elite weightlifters’ balance ability and flexibility. We think that well-balanced muscular functionality may enhance athletes’ sport performance.
著者
津田 尚胤 貝戸 清之 青木 一也 小林 潔司
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集 (ISSN:02897806)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2005, no.801, pp.801_69-801_82, 2005 (Released:2006-05-19)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
17 16

本研究では橋梁部材の劣化予測のためのマルコフ推移確率モデルを推定する方法論を提案する. その際, 橋梁部材の劣化状態を複数の健全度で定量化するとともに, 時間の経過により劣化が進展する過程をハザードモデルで表現する. その上で, 一定期間を隔てた時点間における健全度の推移関係を表すマルコフ推移確率を指数ハザード関数を用いて表現できることを示す. さらに, 定期的な目視検査による健全度の判定結果に基づいて, マルコフ推移確率を推定する方法を提案する. ニューヨーク市の橋梁を対象とした実証分析により提案した方法論の有効性を検証するとともに, サンプル数と指数ハザードモデルの推定精度の関係について考察する.
著者
高波 鉄夫 島村 英紀 本谷 義信
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.3, pp.269-287, 1980-09-25 (Released:2010-03-11)
参考文献数
12

An earthquake swarm began south off Hakodate city on October 23, 1978. At the beginning, a seismological survey was temporarily set up in order to investigate a microearthquake activity in the neighbourhood of Minami-Kayabe which is about 30km northeast of the source area of the swarm.Seismicity around there were monitored by a seismological network of tripartite composed of a routine station ESH (Esan) of the Hokkaido University and two temporary unattended stations in which the portable long-period cassette tape recorders were equipped. These temporary observation systems were the OBS (Ocean bottom seismographs) which were modified for the land use.It is not a common experience that a temporary network caught the detail of the initiation of a swarm.In the first stage, the source area of the swarm is concentrated in a region of about 4×8km2 of area with a north-south trend. Several weeks later another concentrated area is added at several kilometers southeast of the former region. Therefore, we can refer to the former in early about 40 days at the beginning stage of the whole activity off Hakodate which has been active for more than a year.Item of the present paper is concentrated to the result of our seismological observation at the early stage of a relatively short period from October 23 through the end of November 1978.In the first stage of about 40 days, the activity can be further divided into three periods. In the first period, which is five days since the appearance, very small shocks gradually increased in number.When the number of earthquakes increased abruptly the second period began. It is midday of October 27, 1978. This was the most active period in the first 40 days.The third period began on October 29, when the activity began decreasing.The m-values of Ishimoto-Iida's equation were, m=2.8 for the first period, m=1.6 for the smaller events and m=2.0 for the larger events in the second period, respectively, by the monitored records of ESH. The value for the third period could not been obtained easily for the difficulty in applying the Ishimoto-Iida's relationship.For the large earthquakes (250μ kines-2500μ kines in the maximum velocity amplitude), the m-value was obtained by the records at the nearest station OBS-1 for the period from Oct. 25 through Nov. 8, 1978. Its value was m=2.8.No earthquake with magnitude more than 3.5 occurred during the first 40 days though the total number of the recorded earthquakes is about 3700 or more.
著者
馬場 久紀 飯塚 進 浅田 敏
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.2, pp.143-153, 1994-08-14 (Released:2010-03-11)
参考文献数
25

We studied the seismic activity in and around Iriomotejima Island, SW Ryukyu Arc, Japan, during the period from January 1992 through May 1993. In particular, two earthquake swarms, namely, the swarm which occurred off the SW coast of Iriomotejima Island late in August (SW swarm) and that occurred in the NW region of the Island in the middle of September 1992 (NW swarm), were investigated in detail in this paper. The data used in this study were restricted to “felt earthquakes” whose amplitudes were larger than 1gal. As a result, the number of events was not so large, but homogeneous in time and space.The spatial and temporal characteristics of these seismic activities are summarized as follows;1) A high swarm activity in the SW region continued several days. The focal zone extended to the NW-SE direction.2) The focal region of NW swarm migrated from off the NW coast of the Island to the inland area and then expanded to the surrounding areas.3) The focal zones extend in the NW-SE direction. And the vertical distribution of hypocenters shows a sharp seismic boundary plane. This is consistent with the predominant direction of the fault strikes and lineaments in this region.4) Some of the remarkable features observed in the later phases appear to represent reflected waves. These features suggest a possibility of the existence of sharp reflectors such as a magma reservoir beneath the region. However, no signs were seen for any surface volcanic activity.In consequence, it is considered that these earthquake swarms occurred under the stress field acting in the wide area of the SW Ryukyu Arc.
著者
寺島 敦 松本 利松
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.1, pp.81-88, 1984-03-25 (Released:2010-03-11)
参考文献数
11

In June and August of 1980 two separate swarms of microearthquakes occurred in the proximity of the Tavera Reservoir, Dominican Republic. The earthquakes were located along the Tavera Fault that runs through Tavera Reservoir. These swarms were observed after abrupt changes of water level occurred. A gradual increase of water level during the period of September through November, however, did dot produce induced earthquakes except sporadic events despite the fact that the highest water level surpassed the peak elevations of two abrupt changes. It was inferred from these observations that the induced seismicity was sensitive to the abrupt changes, especially a rapid draw-down of water level rather than or in addition to the water level itself. The foci of the second swarm in August was distributed adjacent to the area occupied by the first swarm in June, implying that the rock fracture propagated from one zone to another during these two active swarm sequences.
著者
太田 慎一郎 渡辺 昭典 徳永 博
出版者
(社)日本蚕糸学会
雑誌
日本蚕糸学雑誌 (ISSN:00372455)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.1, pp.77-81, 1957-02-28 (Released:2010-11-29)
参考文献数
8

1) m2は3齢起蚕において黒色鮮明な特有の斑紋を発現し, 分離系統においては同一蛾区の正常蚕の第3就眠に前後して熟眠となる。しかし超過脱皮をきたし三眠蚕となると斑紋は黒色減退し, 淡褐色味が加つてくる。2) m2は異常三眠蚕を生じ易い傾向があるが, この三眠蚕となつたものを用いると系統維持が容易である。3) m2で超過脱皮を行つたものの中にプロセテリー或いはメタセテリーを生ずることがしばしばある。また族中不脱皮斃蚕の多出すること等から考えると, m2は遺伝的ホルモン異常蚕とも考えられる。4) m2純系においては毛蚕の軽重によつて, その後の発育に影響があり, 毛蚕体重の軽いもの程異常三眠蚕を生じ易い傾向がある。5) m2の経過日数は11日前後のものが多く, 1-3齢間の生長率を支122号に対比するとm2は明らかに生長率が大きい。これは絹糸腺の肥大生長に伴う結果と考えられる。熟蚕の絹糸腺の形態は正常蚕の最終齢のそれと酷似している。6) 繭は体躯に応じて貧弱である。蛹は23℃ 保護下では14-16日で発蛾するが, 中には20日以上を要した個体もある。7) 蛾も非常に小さいが生殖力は完全でよく受精する。雌は造卵の絶対量が少なぐ, m2-IIでは30粒の受精卵を産下したものが最高で, m2-IIIでは50-200粒ぐらい産卵する。8) 二眠蚕 (m2) は四眠蚕に対し劣性として遺伝する。
著者
平本 昌宏
出版者
分子科学会
雑誌
Molecular Science (ISSN:18818404)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.1, pp.A0052, 2012 (Released:2012-06-21)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
2 2

Principles of organic photovoltaics such as p-i-n junction concept, nanostructure design, and bandgap science for organic semiconductors are surveyed. Details of the invention of p-i-n junction in the history of organic photovoltaics are described. Research targets based on molecular science, which assist the development of organic photovoltaics, are proposed.