著者

Koichi Futakuchi Moussa Sié Kazuki Saito

出版者

日本作物学会

雑誌

Plant Production Science (ISSN:1343943X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.151-163, 2012 (Released:2012-06-29)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

23 3

---

Oryza glaberrima has mostly been used as a source to improve stress resistance of Oryza sativa. Improvement of this species could be an approach to use its adaptability to local environments in Africa such as multiple resistance to several indigenous constraints. The yield of O. glaberrima was inferior to that of O. sativa under favorable growth conditions but not under unfavorable conditions. Moreover, spikelet number before grain shattering was no less in O. glaberrima than in O. sativa at any fertilizer input levels, suggesting that the yield potential of O. glaberrima is as high as that of O. sativa. Inferior yield of O. glaberrima reported in favorable environments could result from grain shattering enhanced by such growth environments where higher incidence of lodging, which is another undesirable character of O. glaberrima, can occur. Regarding characteristics associated to yield generation, O. glaberrima seemed to possess: higher dry matter production and greater leaf area than O. sativa at least until heading; a lower photosynthetic rate per leaf area but a higher rate against the same leaf nitrogen content in a low content range; higher responsiveness of dry matter, leaf area and leaf photosynthesis to increases in nitrogen inputs; lower water-use efficiency on dry matter accumulation and gas exchange bases; faster progress of leaf senescence during maturity; and faster completion of grain filling during maturity than O. sativa.

著者

木寺 廉太

出版者

日本基督教学会

雑誌

日本の神学 (ISSN:02854848)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.45, pp.155-159, 2006-09-21 (Released:2009-10-23)

著者

車谷 典男

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.5-20, 2012 (Released:2012-03-07)

参考文献数

124

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This author comprehensively reviewed the literature on asbestos carcinogenicity up to the Report and Recommendations by Union Internationale Contra Cancrum (UICC) Working Group on asbestos and cancer in 1964. The first cases of mesothelioma and lung cancer in necropsied patients with asbestosis were reported in 1933 and 1934, respectively. After that, various studies examining the association between each of the diseases and asbestos exposure had been carried out until the meeting of the UICC Working Group: case report studies, case series studies, prevalence studies, historical cohort studies, and case-control studies. Newly reported studies including experimental studies in that meeting all supported the association. These findings on asbestos and cancer correspond well with Hill’s criteria, which were just then advocated for evaluating causality epidemiologically. The Report and Recommendations by the Working Group concluded, “There is evidence of an association between exposure to asbestos and malignant neoplasia.” and “The types of tumors ... are ... (1) carcinoma of the lungs, and (2) diffuse mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum.” This author considers that the causal association between lung cancer or mesothelioma and asbestos was established at the meeting of UICC Working Group in 1964, not by the report on asbestos carcinogenicity in ILO (International Labour Organization) or IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) expert meetings in 1972, as the Japanese government announced. The amount of asbestos import in Japan doubled from 130,000 to 280,000 tons annually from 1964 to 1972. The government should have recognized the global knowledge on asbestos carcinogenicity in 1964; the amount of asbestos import could have been reduced greatly.

著者

松木 浩二 狩野 祐一 坂口 清敏 木崎 彰久

出版者

一般社団法人資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.12, pp.668-678, 2010-11-25 (Released:2011-11-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Using joint elements for a mechanical model of grain boundaries, we performed a preliminary 3D finite element analysis of uniaxial tensile fracture for specimen models of monomineral polycrystalline rock under the assumption that fracturing occurs only at the grain boundaries. The specimen models were created on a computer by the method previously proposed by the authors, and the constitutive law of the grain boundaries was derived by applying the associated flow rule in the plastic theory and a tension-shear-softening curve to an extended Coulomb criterion. Tensile fracturing initiates at grain boundaries with a small angle of the normal direction relative to the loading axis, which are followed by grain boundaries with a larger angle of the normal direction. Unloading of intergranular cracks occurs before the peak strength when the intergranular cracks do not compose the final failure plane that is completely formed near the inflection point of the axial stress-axial strain curve after the peak. During the completion of the final failure plane, the conversion of failure mode from tension to shear occurs at intergranular cracks that have a large angle of the normal direction relative to the loading axis. For these intergranular cracks, the axial displacement given at an end of the specimen is converted to a shear displacement, rather than an opening displacement, and the normal stress becomes to be compressive due to shear dilation. Furthermore, the number of tensile intergranular fracturing at the peak strength increases with a decrease in the constant α that characterizes the rate of decrease in the tensile strength in the tension-shear-softening curve of the grain boundaries, and as a result, the tensile strength of the rock specimen increases with a decrease in the constant α. However, the effect of the residual frictional coefficient is small and limited to the stage after the final failure plane is completely formed, since the residual friction coefficient affects the mechanical behavior of the grain boundaries only after the failure plane is completely formed.

著者

戸村 正夫

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会雑誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.97-108, 1944 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

18

著者

戸澤 幸一 小林 義和 白井 健二 原 靖彦 菊地 照彦

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌論文集 (ISSN:13488724)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.7, pp.879-884, 2005 (Released:2007-05-15)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 5

---

製品表面に付けられている微小な凹凸である表面テクスチャは製品の触覚または視覚品位や機械的性質を向上させるための一要因であるが, その作成方法を体系的に研究している例は見当たらない. そこで, 機械加工により表面テクスチャを作成するシステムを開発し, テクスチャリング処理に関する基礎的な研究を行った.

著者

土居 洋文

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会

雑誌

生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.216-220, 1992-07-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

23

著者

尾田 十八 / 齊藤 誠 Makoto SAITO

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 A編 (ISSN:03875008)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.653, pp.121-126, 2001-01-25 (Released:2008-02-21)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

4 3

---

Lsystem (LS) is a technique expressing a formation algorithm creating the various shape patterns by the simple rules. Using LS, the complex branch phenomena of plants could be described by simple rules. This paper has tried the methodology to apply LS to the structural design. This methodology grows up the structure as if plants grow up, and produces the optimum structure that is appropiate for the design purpose. It is difficult to acquire LS rules for the optimum structure because the rules have many degrees of freedom. Therefore, this paper proposes an idea that evolves LS rules using Genetic Algorithms (GA) . The methodology is called as an evolutionary LS (ELS) . Using the methodology, the design problems to decide optimum distribution of material and plate thickness are solved.

著者

武田 知己 平野 高司 浦野 慎一 堀口 郁夫

出版者

The Society of Agricultural Meteorology of Japan

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.145-153, 2001-09-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Canopy structure of crops is an important factor determining the radiation environment of the canopy. Although many researchers have dealt with foliage distribution by using a probability density function, studies that reproduce a spatial destribution and spatial form of foliage in 3 dimensional (3D) space have only recently been reported. In this study, we developed a geometric model by using L-system to reproduce the form of sunflower plants in 3D space. The model consisits of frame and leaf models. In order to obtain functions to illustrate the frame model, positions of nodes, leaf bases, and leaf tips were measured from photographs of sunflower plants taken at five different stages in a growing season, and lengths of internode, petiole and leaf were determined. Moreover, lengths of five lateral veins, and divergence angle between midrib and fifth lateral vein were measured.Growth curve of internode and petiole could be expressed as a logistic function of step number in L-system. Leaves elongated as a function of petiole length. Zenith angle of petiole decreased with step number from 1 to 7, and then stabilized at about 35°. Leaf zenith angle was related to petiole zenith angle. Divergence angles between successive leaves differed in different phyllotaxis. In distichous phyllotaxis, divergence angle was 180° between the leaves at the same node, and 90° between the leaves at successive nodes. On the other hand, in alternate phyllotaxis, divergence angle was about 135°. Leaf expansion could be related to increase in leaf length.In conclusion, the geometric model using L-system successfully reproduced the growth of sunflower plants with increase in node number.

著者

石岡 邦江 長谷 宗明 北島 正弘 丑田 公規

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.5, pp.288-294, 2003-05-10 (Released:2009-01-25)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2 2

---

Coherent lattice oscillation can be excited in semimetals and semiconductors with femtosecond optical pulses. The dephasing of the coherent phonons, typically in the picosecond time scale, is dominated by the interaction with photo-excited carriers, incoherent (thermal) phonons, and defects such as impurities and vacancies. Here we present our femtosecond pump-probe study on the relaxation dynamics of the coherent phonons and the photo-excited carriers in ion-irradiated semimetals and semiconductors. The dephasing rate of the coherent optical phonon in bismuth is increased linearly with increasing ion dose due to the scattering by irradiation-induced defects. The dose dependence of the relaxation of the coherent acoustic phonon of graphite is quantitatively explained by a simple model in which a propagating wave is scattered by single vacancies, whereas that of the optical phonon by a modified mass-defect scattering model. In GaAs, the relaxation dynamics of LO phonon-plasmon coupled modes and photo-excited carriers provide quantitative information of carrier trapping due to vacancies.

著者

中島 信一 長谷 宗明 溝口 幸司 播磨 弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.64-71, 1998-02-10 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

4 4

---

Coherent phonons can be generated in solids by ultra-short pulse laser excitation. Here we report observation of coherent phonon oscillations in the time domain using reflection type pump-probe techniques and discuss the phonon dynamics. An A1g phonon mode was observed for Bi, showing an exponentially decaying oscillation. Temperature dependence of the phonon frequency and the decay rate agrees with the result of Raman measurements. This indicates that the decay process of the coherent phonon is dominated by an anharmonic decay route of energy relaxation. The coherence of phonons in time domain was examined using a double-pulse excitation technique. The oscillation amplitude of the A1g mode in Bi enhances when the pulse separation time is equal to the period of the phonon oscillation, and vanishes when the separation time is adjusted to half integral multiples of the period. We present furthermore the results on coherent folded acoustic modes in GaAs/AlAs superlattices.

著者

北島 正弘 長谷 宗明 Hrvoje PETEK

出版者

公益社団法人 日本表面科学会

雑誌

表面科学 (ISSN:03885321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.11, pp.648-654, 2005-11-10 (Released:2007-08-09)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

4 3

---

The progress in femtosecond laser has enabled us to observe coherent motions of lattice and molecular vibrations in solids. Nevertheless the study of coherent phonons in Si, which is an important material for modern devise application, has not been made so far. We report the dynamics of transient interaction of electrons with phonons, followed by generation of coherent optical phonon, in which the pump-probe technique with 400 nm, 10 fs laser is used for the observation. A comparison of the results is made with other semiconductors.

著者

久田 美貴

出版者

日本質量分析学会

雑誌

Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan (ISSN:13408097)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.310-316, 2003 (Released:2007-10-16)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 2

---

We examined the applicability of the “nested” collision induced dissociation/post-source decay (CID/PSD) method to sequencing of novel peptides from solitary wasps which have neurotoxic venom for paralyzing other insects. The CID/PSD spectrum of a ladder peptide derived from an exopeptidase digest was compared with that of the intact peptide. The mass peaks observed only in the CID/PSD spectrum of a ladder peptide were extracted as C-terminal fragment ions. Assignment of C-terminal fragment ions enabled calculation of N-terminal fragment masses, leading to differentiation between N-terminal fragment ions and internal fragment ions. Furthermore, a method incorporating nested CID/PSD combined with endopeptidase digestion is described as an approach to determine the sequence of N-terminally modified peptides. The information from immonium and related ions observed in the CID/PSD spectrum was used for the selection of a suitable endopeptidase for the digestion of peptides. These nested CID/PSD methods allowed rapid and sensitive identification by removing ambiguity in the assignment of the fragment ions, and proved useful for sequencing unknown peptides, in particular those available as natural products with a limited supply.

著者

田中 恒雄

出版者

紙パルプ技術協会

雑誌

紙パ技協誌 (ISSN:0022815X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.5, pp.813-820, 1995-05-01 (Released:2009-11-16)

参考文献数

41

---

In order to expect the feasible printing conditions to obtain high definition image by modern printing technology, physical properties of paper surfaces relating ink transfer are mainly discussed due to the experimental data accumulated thus far. The macroscopic structures of paper surfaces depending on the porosity, the smoothness, the compressibility and so on, are responsible for the tone rendering by small halftone ink dots the size of which reaches about 10 μm. To control the dot gain to be minimum is essential in the high definition printing process. However, the dot gain formation seems prone to be made by the rheological properties of printing ink rather than by the properties of paper surfaces mentioned above. Also, the thickness control of ink film is much more important in the process as compared to that in the ordinary halftone reproduction process.

著者

大﨑 修平 原野 徹 薮田 均

出版者

一般社団法人 軽金属学会

雑誌

軽金属 (ISSN:04515994)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.9, pp.456-461, 2008-09-30 (Released:2008-10-31)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 4

---

Fatigue crack growth (FCG) properties were determined for aluminum alloy 6061-T6 and 7075-T6 plates exposed to a humid (relative humidity RH=90%) air or dry nitrogen gas, and the effect of hydrogen on the FCG process was discussed together with a fractographic study of fracture surfaces. The 6061-T6 shows a superior FCG resistance to the 7075-T6, resulting in no increase in FCG rate with a reduction of frequency from 10 Hz to 0.1 Hz and also with a change of cyclic loading wave from sine to trapezoid. This response is attributed to the effect of hydrogen to assist localized slip deformation, leading to a crack-tip bunting. According to applying the present FCG data to design a high-pressure container liner for automobile on a basis of the engineering standard JARI S001, it is found that the 6061-T6 can possess a higher allowable stress than the 7075-T6.

著者

Tamotsu Neda Kouichi Inukai Susumu Kurihara Hiraku Ono Toshio Hosaka Hidetomo Nakamoto Shigehiro Katayama Takuya Awata

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.239-246, 2012 (Released:2012-03-28)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

3 6 5

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Recent studies have shown colestimide, a bile acid-binding resin, to also exert a glucose-lowering effect via amelioration of insulin resistance. To evaluate the effects of colestimide on glucose metabolism and to elucidate the underlying mechanism, we conducted a 6-month, open-label pilot study on 43 type 2 diabetic patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 25). The subjects were randomized to either treatment with colestimide 4g/day (T group, n=23) or continuation of their current therapy (C group, n=20). In the T group patients, mean HbA1c and fasting glucose improved markedly (from 7.71 ± 0.32% to 6.97 ± 0.20%; from 147.4 ± 7.3mg/dL to 127.0 ± 5.0mg/dL, respectively), while obesity-related parameters, i.e. body weight, waist circumference, and visceral fat and subcutaneous fat as determined by umbilical slice abdominal CT, showed no significant changes. Fractionation analyses of serum bile acids revealed significantly increased cholic acids (CA) and decreased chenodeoxycholic acids (CDCA) in the T group patients. However, no correlation was observed between these changes and ΔHbA1c. According to logistic regression analysis, baseline HbA1c was the only variable predicting the decrease of HbA1c (>0.5%) among sex, age, BMI, total cholesterol, ΔCA and ΔCDCA. The index of insulin resistance, i.e. HOMA-R, did not improve, and the index of β cell function, i.e. HOMA-β, actually increased significantly. These results suggests that, in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, the mechanism underlying improved glycemic control with colestimide treatment involves enhanced β cell activity rather than improved insulin resistance.

著者

野中 紘士 秋山 純一 中嶋 正明

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.285-289, 2008 (Released:2008-06-11)

参考文献数

26

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遠心性収縮による持久トレーニングが骨格筋の持久性改善に効果があるかを検討した。ICR雄マウスをコントロール群(CONT),上り走行群(求心性収縮,+16 °,UR),水平走行群(0°,LR),下り走行群(遠心性収縮,-16 °,DR)に分けた。走行運動は15 m/分で20分間とし,時間を10分/週で延長した。走行は6回/週で5週間行い,大腿四頭筋の解糖系酵素,酸化系酵素を測定した。解糖系酵素はCONT に比べ,UR,LRで上昇し,DRは変化しなかった。酸化系酵素はCONTに比べ,UR,LR,DRで上昇した。遠心性収縮による持久トレーニングは,嫌気的代謝に効果はないが,好気的代謝には効果があることが示唆された。

著者

Nohwon PARK Miyoung LEE Ahra LEE Seungyeon LEE Soyun LEE Sunhye SONG Joohyun JUNG Kidong EOM

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0136, (Released:2012-07-27)

被引用文献数

3 5

---

This study was aimed to verify the accuracy of echocardiography by dual-source computed tomography (DSCT). Seven normal beagles underwent DSCT and echocardiography. Echocardiographic measurements were obtained according to the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. The DSCT images were reconstructed onto the same echocardiographic image plane by using a reconstruction program, and then the anatomical measurements were obtained. Nonparametric analysis was used for verifying the significance of each of the measured parameters. The anatomical measurements obtained using echocardiography and DSCT were not significant (P>0.05), and the difference between the measurements obtained using both the methods were within 95% confidence intervals except those for interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness in end-diastole. The reasons of these differences were considered as the adjacent structures such as papillary muscles or chordae tendineae that may have influenced the echocardiographic findings, lower far-field image quality of echocardiography, low test-retest reproducibility of echocardiography, high-quality images of DSCT minimizing the motion artifact, and retrospective ECG gating technique of DSCT that was offered an adequate timing decision of the systolic and diastolic phase during cardiac movement. Although there were differences in the measurements of interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness in end diastole obtained using echocardiography and DSCT, we could conclude that echocardiographic measurement is considered accurate and reliable as DSCT for cardiac anatomical assessment.

著者

清野 通康

出版者

日本付着生物学会

雑誌

Sessile Organisms (ISSN:13424181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.11-13, 2003-02-28 (Released:2009-10-09)

被引用文献数

2 1

---

Biofouling control of cooling water systems has been one of the severe problems for power plant operation. A lot of works have been carried out and many physical/chemical control methods are available. However, practical measures satisfied following criteria have not been developed: (1)reliable control for a long enough term, (2)broad availability, (3)low environment impacts, (4)simply operating, and (5)reasonable cost. Power plants have been coping with biofouling, using a combination of some measures applicable. Possible research targets of practical anti-biofouling are discussed from a user's view.

著者

原 猛也 山田 裕 青山 善一 杉島 英樹 藤澤 俊郎

出版者

日本付着生物学会

雑誌

Sessile Organisms (ISSN:13424181)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.35-45, 2005-08-28 (Released:2009-10-09)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

---

全国の沿岸を北方、中部、南部の3海域に分け、それぞれの海域ごとに1カ所の代表発電所を選定し、取水口、放水口において採集した標本を比較するなどの方法により発電所の冷却水路に取り込まれた動・植物プランクトン、魚卵、稚仔魚に対する取放水系通過の影響を調査した。その結果、1. 植物プランクトンの死亡率は、塩素注入時に大きく約30%であった。2. 動物プランクトンの死亡率は、わずか数%であった。3. 動・植物プランクトンの減耗量は、水路長が長ければ大きく、水温が高ければ大きいが、海域、発電所の構造などによって減耗量の程度は異なる。4. この減耗の主要因は付着生物による捕食と考えられた。この影響は、水路内で受ける他の要因 (機械的、化学的、昇温) による影響に比べ大きい。5. 水路通過時に何らかの影響を受けた動・植物プランクトンは、放水口から放流された後は、速やかに周辺の群と混合して、活性度、生残率、細胞密度、個体数密度は回復した。6. 動・植物プランクトンへの水路通過影響が検出される範囲は、放水口近傍の温排水内に限られた。7. 魚卵、稚仔魚が受ける水路通過による影響は、従来、動・植物プランクトンより大きく、100%死亡するものとして扱われてきたが、放水口から放出されたときの生存率は少なくても30%以上であると推定された。