著者

大山 正

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.4, pp.456-472, 2011 (Released:2018-08-18)

被引用文献数

1

著者

大山 正

出版者

日本色彩学会

雑誌

日本色彩学会誌 (ISSN:03899357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, pp.283-287, 2001-12-01

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

9

著者

大山 正

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.533-539, 2018-12

著者

大山 正

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会雑誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.Appendix, pp.10a-15, 1968 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

19

著者

大山 正雄

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.6, pp.1013-1025, 2011-12-25 (Released:2012-03-05)

参考文献数

22

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Iceland is the northernmost country of the world. It is a volcanic island located immediately south of the Arctic Circle. Currently, about 11% of the island is covered with glacial ice. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which forms the spreading boundary between the Eurasian and the North American tectonic plates, passes through the middle of the island. It may be said that the natural phenomena in Iceland are formed by three elements: volcanoes, glaciers, and the plate boundary. We visited this geographically fascinating land in August 16-27, 2010. The volcanos and thermal springs are very active along the plate boundary. Most of the lavas are basalts. The thermal water is generally alkaline. The main rivers are braided meltwater rivers flowing from glacial areas. Because the meltwater rivers contain suspended sediments in abundance, the water is gray. A subglacial eruption caused a colossal flood and formed a vast outwash plain. Thermal water is used by geothermal power plants as well as heating systems because even the summers are cold. During this trip, we also observed fractures of the plate boundary, known as “gja” in Iceland.

著者

大山 正

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.4-5, 2006-06-25

著者

大山 正 鳥居 修晃 浜本 夏美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.210-222, 1957 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3

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Obonai (this journal, 1949, 19, 177-183) reported that the rate of figure-ground reversal decreased as the size of stimulus pattern increased and that the rate increased as the brightness gradient between figure-sectors and their surroundings, the illuminance of stimulus field and the number of sectors increased. We re-examined these relationships.The stimulus pattern used in this study was a circle devided into six sectors. Three alternate sectors were white or light gray, and the other sectors were black or dark gray. The surrounding field was middle gray or white. (See Fig. 1 of the text).Regular figure-ground reversal cycles were frequently interrupted by what we call the undefined phase in which neither of the two areas appeared as figure. This fact made it difficult to determine unequivocally the number of reversal or the time of reversal. So we adopted, as a measure of the rate of reversal, the average number of appearances of two areas per minute i. e. N = (nw + nb) / 2.We analyzed the influence of the size of stimulus pattern through fifteen series of experiments which varied in stimulus pattern, illumination, set, subjects and experimental design. In only two of the series, we obtained statistically significant results. We concluded that Obonai's result was a special case with some particular types of subjects under some particular stimulus conditions.We did not find the influence of brightness gradient upon the rate of reversal when the brightnesses of the two areas were varied symmetrically. But we found that, when the brightness of one area was kept constant, the rate of reversal increased as the brightness gradient between the other area and the surroundings became more similarto that of the former.We found also that the rate increased as the illuminance of stimulus field increased. On the other hand, the influence of the number of sectors was not clear in our experiment.Above mentioned changes in the rate of reversal were partly due to the changes in the time of undefined phase. The level of the rate of reversal varied considerably from subject to subject and individual levels were relatively constant through many experiments.The influence of those stimulus factors upon the rate of reversal was rather slight and not general, contrary to Obonai's results. It was suggested that the rate of figureground reversal was determined by the conditions of the organism rather than by stimulus set-up.

著者

大山 正 鳥居 修晃

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.178-188, 1955

被引用文献数

8

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The effects of area, voluntary control and prolonged observation on the figureground reversal were analysed by the continuous presentation method.<BR>The stimulus used was a circle divided into six sectors (Fig. 1). The following measures were adopted for the record and analysis of reversal process : total time of appearances for two shapes (<I>T</I><SUB>α</SUB>, <I>T</I><SUB>β</SUB>), total undefined time (<I>T</I><SUB>ε</SUB>=<I>T</I>-(<I>T</I><SUB>α</SUB>+<I>T</I><SUB>β</SUB>)), the number of appearance (<I>n</I><SUB>α</SUB>, <I>n</I><SUB>β</SUB>), relative dominancy (<I>R</I>=<I>100T</I><SUB>α</SUB> / (<I>T</I><SUB>α</SUB>+<I>T</I><SUB>β</SUB>)), average duration (<I>t</I><SUB>α</SUB>=<I>T</I><SUB>α</SUB> / <I>n</I><SUB>α</SUB>, <I>t</I><SUB>β</SUB>=<I>T</I><SUB>β</SUB> / <I>n</I><SUB>β</SUB>) and the frequency of first appearance (<I>f</I><SUB>α</SUB>, <I>f</I><SUB>β</SUB>).<BR>By varying the sector angles of two shapes, we obtained quantitative relationships between the sector angle and each measure (Table 1, 2, 3, 4 ; Fig. 2, 3). Smaller shape appeared as "figure" more frequently at first view, persisted longer in reversal and was more dominant in the total time of appearance. The larger the areal difference of the two shapes was the stronger were these tendencies, and the slower was the reversal.<BR>By voluntary control, the relative dominancy (<I>R</I>) could be changed to some extent (Table 5). The amounts of shifts of <I>R</I> were almost equal in the three stimuli with various sector angles, but were different in two directions (increasing and decreasing). These shifts of <I>R</I> were based upon the changes in both <I>T</I><SUB>α</SUB> and <I>T</I><SUB>β</SUB>, which, in turn, were depended mostly on the changes in <I>t</I><SUB>α</SUB> and <I>t</I><SUB>β</SUB>.<BR>The prolonged observation (12min.) did not cause the acceleration of the rate of reversal which had been expected by Köhler (11). On the other hand, the prolonged observation resulted in the increase of the undefined time and the decrease of the favourable shape, and the slight shift of <I>R</I> to the neutral point (50).

著者

大山 正 鳥居 修晃 浜本 夏美

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.210-222, 1957

被引用文献数

3

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Obonai (this journal, 1949, 19, 177-183) reported that the rate of figure-ground reversal decreased as the size of stimulus pattern increased and that the rate increased as the brightness gradient between figure-sectors and their surroundings, the illuminance of stimulus field and the number of sectors increased. We re-examined these relationships.<BR>The stimulus pattern used in this study was a circle devided into six sectors. Three alternate sectors were white or light gray, and the other sectors were black or dark gray. The surrounding field was middle gray or white. (See Fig. 1 of the text).<BR>Regular figure-ground reversal cycles were frequently interrupted by what we call the undefined phase in which neither of the two areas appeared as figure. This fact made it difficult to determine unequivocally the number of reversal or the time of reversal. So we adopted, as a measure of the rate of reversal, the average number of appearances of two areas per minute i. e. N = (nw + nb) / 2.<BR>We analyzed the influence of the size of stimulus pattern through fifteen series of experiments which varied in stimulus pattern, illumination, set, subjects and experimental design. In only two of the series, we obtained statistically significant results. We concluded that Obonai's result was a special case with some particular types of subjects under some particular stimulus conditions.<BR>We did not find the influence of brightness gradient upon the rate of reversal when the brightnesses of the two areas were varied symmetrically. But we found that, when the brightness of one area was kept constant, the rate of reversal increased as the brightness gradient between the other area and the surroundings became more similarto that of the former.<BR>We found also that the rate increased as the illuminance of stimulus field increased. On the other hand, the influence of the number of sectors was not clear in our experiment.<BR>Above mentioned changes in the rate of reversal were partly due to the changes in the time of undefined phase. The level of the rate of reversal varied considerably from subject to subject and individual levels were relatively constant through many experiments.<BR>The influence of those stimulus factors upon the rate of reversal was rather slight and not general, contrary to Obonai's results. It was suggested that the rate of figureground reversal was determined by the conditions of the organism rather than by stimulus set-up.

著者

大山 正 鳥居 修晃 佐藤 隆夫 高砂 美樹

出版者

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

雑誌

基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.152-161, 2015

著者

大山 正俊

出版者

The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering

雑誌

日本舶用機関学会誌 (ISSN:03883051)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.11, pp.707-711, 1990

著者

大山 正幸 竹中 規訓 中島 孝江

出版者

大阪府立公衆衛生研究所

雑誌

挑戦的萌芽研究

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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毎年5名の喘息症状有症者を対象に、9月から約3カ月間、週毎の室内の亜硝酸(HONO)や二酸化窒素(NO_2)やオゾン(O_3)の濃度を測定し、毎日の喘息発作や呼吸器症状を調べた。その結果、U検定ではNO_2と喘息発作との関連に有意差は無かったが、HONOと喘息発作との関連に有意差が認められた(P=0.0013)。また、測定局データを利用した多変量解析後でも、HONOと喘息発作との関連に有意差が認められた。今回の結果は、NO_2よりHONOの方が喘息発作との関連が強いことを示唆する。

著者

谷田部 かなか 武者 春樹 河野 照茂 田口 芳雄 大山 正 糟谷 里美 藤谷 博人 油井 直子 立石 圭祐 寺脇 史子

出版者

聖マリアンナ医科大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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特性不安の高い競技特性では、あがり条件によって生化学指標変動に相違(p<0.05)がみられ、練習内容や測定時期による精神負荷や身体的疲労に特異的傾向が示された。また、情緒不安定特性別による弁別・判断・選択時間の遅延(p<0.05)については、発育期世代では更にパフォーマンスに対して影響を与えることが示唆された。一方で個々の就寝時間を含めた生活時間、対人関係の改善を行うだけでも、行動や感情を適切に調節する効果的な指導となり、外傷・障害の第一予防に繋がると考えられた。

著者

安達 修一 大山 正幸 辻野 喜夫 小田 美光 亀田 貴之

出版者

相模女子大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2009

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日本へ-来する黄砂粒子について、成分の化学分析、肺に-着した-の生物学的影響などを調べた。その結果、大阪と韓国ソウルで集めた黄砂粒子から大気汚染物質が検出され、-来する過程で都市や工業地帯の汚染物質を付着したと考えられる。肺に入った-の影響は、汚染のない黄砂粒子に比べて強く、付着した成分が健康影響を及ぼすことを予測させる結果である。黄砂粒子に含まれる発がん物質の量は、これだけで肺がんを発生するとは考えにくい量であるものの、要因の一つになることが考えられ、今後検討すべき課題である。

著者

長田 佳久 西川 泰夫 鈴木 光太郎 高砂 美樹 佐藤 達哉 鷲見 成正 石井 澄 行場 次朗 金沢 創 三浦 佳世 山口 真美 苧阪 直行 藤 健一 佐藤 達哉 箱田 裕司 鈴木 光太郎 櫻井 研三 西川 泰夫 鈴木 清重 増田 知尋 佐藤 隆夫 吉村 浩一 鈴木 公洋 椎名 健 本間 元康 高砂 美樹 仁平 義明 和田 有史 大山 正 鷲見 成正 増田 直衛 松田 隆夫 辻 敬一郎 古崎 敬

出版者

立教大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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本研究では, 国内で行われてきた実験心理学研究に関連した機器や資料の現状の把握, 保管方法の検討及び活用方法に関して検討した。本研究活動の成果として,1) 国内の研究機関で保管されている機器の状態の把握,2) 廃棄予定の機器の移設,3) 機器・資料のデジタルアーカイブ化,4) 機器・資料の閲覧方法の検討の4つが挙げられる。これらの成果を通じて, 日本の実験心理学の歴史的資料を残し, 伝えるための手法に関する基盤を築いた。