著者
林 真紀夫
出版者
東海大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
1998

本研究では、挿し木(挿し芽)苗生産における、根・シュートの分化および成長促進のための環境調節法について、光合成量促進の観点から検討した。根・シュートの分化および成長には炭水化物を必要とし、そのため光合成速度を高めることが、挿し木(挿し芽)の成長促進をもたらすと予想されたからである。そこで、一般に栄養繁殖されている植物として、木本性のバラと草本性のキクを供試し、CO_2濃度の異なる条件下で挿し木(挿し芽)を生育させ、CO_2濃度が根の成長に及ぼす影響について、発根促進剤処理の有無との関係で試験した。また、光合成量に影響すると考えられる、挿し穂葉面積と根の成長の関係についても試験した。試験結果概要は以下の通りである。1.CO_2施用と根部の生育CO_2濃度の異なる試験区を設け、生育試験を行った結果では、バラおよびキクともに、挿し木(挿し芽)30日目の根部の重量は、CO_2施用区が無施用区の1.4〜2.0倍となり、CO_2施用により根の重量増加が促進されることが確認された。2.CO_2施用とシュートの生育CO_2施用は、バラおよびキクともに、シュートに対して、根部ほどではないが成長促進効果があることが認められた。3.挿し穂葉面積(小葉枚数)の影響バラを供試して、挿し穂の小葉枚数の影響をみた試験では、挿し穂小葉枚数(葉面積)が増えると、根部の成長は多少促進されるが、シュート成長はむしろ抑制されることが示された。4.発根促進剤の効果発根促進剤処理の有無とCO_2施用の有無を組み合わせた生育試験から、発根促進剤処理によって根部の成長は促進されたが、シュート成長はかなり抑制されることが示された。しかし、CO_2施用を組み合わせることによって、シュート成長の抑制は減少した。以上の結果から、根およびシュート両方の分化および成長にとって、CO_2施用が効果的な環境調節手段であると考えられた。
著者
小林 標
出版者
京都大学
雑誌
西洋古典論集 (ISSN:02897113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, pp.185-211, 1994-03-30

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。The object of this paper is to present a new viewpoint for Seneca's "Medea" and to study as well the nature of its influence over some "Medea" plays in Modern times. It is evident that Seneca's "Medea" owes very much to Euripides's masterpiece tragedy, but nonetheless it shows a clear break therefrom. Euripides created a shockingly powerful human tragedy, in which a once devoted wife, after suffering much because of the husband's betrayal, invents and executes the cruelest punishment for him one can ever imagine : the murder of her own children. Seneca, on his part, did not want to follow in the same footsteps when he tried to write a new "Medea" play. Perhaps we'd better say he could not, because all his literary audience must have had full knowledge of Medea's ultimate deed in Euripides's tragedy. And it would not have made sense for him to write a new play without considering the audience's knowledge of the story. We may be allowed to say that, after Euripides, the name ≪Medea≫ has become a sort of sign to signify ≪woman who kills her innocent children to punish the unfaithful husband whose life she spares≫. It was open to everybody to utilize this sign for writing a new play, but nobody could alter its meaning. So, for one thing, Seneca chose to omit from his version Euripides's Aegeus-scene in which Medea learns how much the children mean to the father ; he decided that, in the environment where everybody knew the heroine would eventually kill her children, the scene of "inventing" the kind of punishment by the heroine would not have as dramatic an impact on the audience as it did in Euripides's play. What Seneca presented instead was the repeated suggestion by Medea herself even in the prologue that she would murder her children. From the beginning of the play the readers or audience are made to confront the insinuation of the outcome they already know but don't want to see, and they are already in suspense. It was this suspenseful atmosphere that Seneca intended to create as the dramatic effect for his "Medea" when he wanted to compensate for the absence of the scene in which the punishment is invented. The well known significative value of the word ≪Medea≫ also made it possible for the author to write words such as "I will become Medea!" (171), or "Now I am Medea" (910) to convey the meaning that she is going to, or has determined to, kill her children. Expressions like ≪I will become Medea≫, ≪I am Medea≫ are also uttered by the heroines of the "Medea" plays of Corneille, Grillparzer and Anouilh. This is one example of the close relationship between Seneca's work and theirs, which has been more or less neglected. These Modern times dramatists had the same advantage and handicap as Seneca did when they wanted to write their "Medea" plays ; the audience already knew what the heroine would ultimately do. In other words, they were able to (and at the same time they had to) use the word ≪Medea≫ as a long established and too-well known sign. So, in the same course, they would rather rely on the dramatic effects invented by Seneca than those by Euripides. Actually, the influence Seneca's "Medea" exercised on these Modern times dramatists can be perceived in their borrowing not merely of the heroine's words from Seneca's work but also the principal framework of his plotting composition. The plotting of Seneca's "Medea", as I interpret it, is as follows ; a supernatural female marries a human male because of her juvenile love, and she tries hard to adapt herself to her husband's world. Eventually she encounters the ≪inescapable≫ betrayal of human beings, and she goes back to her own place after punishing the human world in her harshest way. In a more general and shorter expression, we can summarize it as the story of ≪an inevitable disintegration of an impossible marriage≫. In order to write a story of ≪impossible marriage≫, one must present two oppositive and unreconcilable worlds, which Seneca did in a meticulous way. First, Seneca reversed the heroine's character from the almost completely humanized one in Euripides's work to its mythical archetype, i. e. a sorceress with full witchcraft capacity and inclination. Furthermore, he set her in isolation not only in the actual condition but also in the concept of those who surround her. The Chorus is not only hostile to her in contrast to Euripides's version but also describes her as "the evil worse than the sea" (362) which mankind had not known before their first navigation to violate the sea. Jason is portrayed as being able to claim a certain amount of sympathy. He is being pursued by Acastus so that he is pressed, for the safety of himself and his children, to depend on the help of either Creo, i. e. his saviour from the human world's side, or Medea, i. e. from the nonhuman world's side. Medea tries to retrieve Jason to her own world with the declaration of her willingness to commit further crimes for his sake (525-528), but he chooses to belong to the human world and consequently deserts her. When Medea kills her children, it is not only to punish Jason, but also to severe all relationship with the human world. She asserts that any child she got by Jason is Creusa's (921-2). She also expresses her children as "quondam mei" (924) and "non mei" (934), which are quite contrastive to Medea's word "philoi" in the similar situation of Euripides's version (1250). Finally she casts down the bodies of her children to Jason, again in contrast to Euripides's, and the story of ≪impossible marriage≫ comes to a conclusion. In my opinion, it was Seneca's most valuable contribution to the history of "Medea" plays to transpose her story from that of ≪revenge of a wronged woman≫ into that of ≪an inevitable disintegration of an impossible marriage≫, and it is this kind of plotting that Corneille, Grillparzer and Anouilh owe most to Seneca. A shaky marriage with a nonhuman being (animal, specter, natural phenomenon personified etc.) disguised in human shape and its ultimate breakdown is the motif in many Japanese folktales, of which Lafcadio Hearn's "Yuki-Onna" is one example, and it is given a collective nomination as ≪irui-kon' in-tan≫ (roughly translated, ≪tale of marriage with an alien≫). ≪Irui-kon' in-tan≫ is not identical to the folktales in the West which are classified as the tales of ≪supernatural or enchanted spouse≫, because these are mostly about human beings who are temporarily forced to take disguise in nonhuman shape. Though I could not find the terminology in the Western languages that is exactly identical to ≪irui-kon' in-tan≫, there are literary pieces which could belong to this category in the West, too. As we saw, Seneca's "Medea" is an exemplary case. Fouque's "Undine" and its theatrical adaptation "Ondine" by Giraudoux are among other examples. Now, I would like to suggest broadening the implication of ≪iruikon' in-tan≫ to denote all the stories of ≪an inevitable disintegration of a marriage of a pair from two different worlds unreconcilable to each other≫, and to apply the concept to Occidental literature. Then we may be able to grasp more clearly, for one thing, the place Seneca's "Medea" occupies in the series of "Medea" plays. Among the three Modern dramatists mentioned, Anouilh employed the thematic scheme of ≪impossible marriage≫ more consciously than the others. The meaning of the fact that he borrowed many expressions directly from Seneca's work must be interpreted in correlation with this thematic borrowing. In my own terminology, Anouilh perceived Seneca's "Medea" as ≪irui-kon' in-tan≫, and he himself wrote his own version of the same motif.
著者
幸島 匡宏 松林 達史 澤田 宏
出版者
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
雑誌
電子情報通信学会論文誌 D (ISSN:18804535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.J100-D, no.4, pp.520-529, 2017-04-01

近年,網羅的なデータ収集の困難さや個人情報保護の観点から,ユーザ個人を単位とする粒度の細かいデータと年代・性別などの属性情報でまとめられたユーザ集団を単位とする粒度の粗いデータといった,異なる粒度のデータを扱う機会が増えている.本研究では,個人単位・集団単位のデータの組のように,粒度の異なる複数のデータを組み合わせて分析するための新たな手法を提案する.提案手法は,非負値行列分解に基づく新たな確率モデルである.このモデルは粒度の粗い方のデータの背後に存在するデータを潜在変数として導入することで導かれる.実購買履歴を用いた実験を通して,提案手法は既存手法を上回る性能を示したこと,低解像度のデータ数が増えるに従い性能向上が達成されることを確認した.更に上記提案手法に基づく拡張手法を導出することで,提案手法が様々な異粒度データ分析問題を考える際の基盤的アプローチとなりうることを示す.
著者
粟飯原萌 小林貴之 村上雄太郎 菅原祐人 花村成慶 武田智裕 古市昌一
雑誌
第73回全国大会講演論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2011, no.1, pp.307-308, 2011-03-02

本研究は,教育支援を目的としたシリアスゲーム(SG)に関するものである.対象は就学前の児童で,社会性や言語教育等の支援を目的とした電子絵本の利用を効果的に実施するため,集中力を持続させるためのHMIに関する.児童が電子絵本との間で複数の手段でインタラクションを繰り返してストーリが進行・展開することにより,集中力を維持することを特長としたHMIを提案する.本HMIでは,電子絵本中の複数の登場人物をAR,OpenCV及びマルチユーザタッチパネルを利用したユーザ認識技術を複合的に利用することにより,一人または複数の人が同時に操作することが出来る. 本稿では,方式の提案及び初期評価結果について述べる.
著者
小林 雄一郎 北尾 謙治
出版者
同志社大学
雑誌
文化情報学 (ISSN:18808603)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, no.1, pp.1-14, 2010-06

研究論文語彙と読みやすさは、英文における重要な難易度の指標である。非母語話者であれば、母語話者よりも使用できる語彙が少なく、複雑な文章を読むにも困難がともなう。そのような場合の解決策の一つがレベル別多読教材 (Graded Readers, GR) である。GRでは、複数の難易度レベルが設定されており、読者は自分の英語力に合った教材を選ぶことができる。しかしながら、日本の中学校・高等学校でそれらを補助教材として用いる場合、どの学年の学生にどのレベルが適しているかは必ずしも明確ではない。そこで、本研究の目的は、語彙と読みやすさの観点から、日本の中学校と高等学校の英語検定教科書とレベル別多読教材 (Graded Readers, GR) を計量的に比較するものである。その結果から、(1) 語彙の難易度に関して、教科書は同じレベルのGRよりも難しい、(2) 語彙のカバー率に関して、GRはかならずしも十分ではない、(3) 教科書とGRを識別する語の多くは固有名詞であり、逆に言えば、両者の語彙分布に大きな差は見られない、(4) 読みやすさに関して、GRはそれほど統制されている訳ではない、(5) 教科書で学んだ生徒達は、同じレベルのGRを十分に読める可能性があることなどを議論する。Non-native speakers of English have a much smaller vocabulary in English than native speakers do, and they also have difficulty of understanding complex sentences. For non-native speakers of English, readability and variety and levels of vocabulary are good indices for predicting difficulty levels of English passages. Therefore authorized English language textbooks in Japanese junior and senior high schools are controlled for vocabulary and readability. Graded readers, which are reading materials for non-native speakers of English from the beginners to the advanced learners, are also controlled with vocabulary and readability. This study measures readability and vocabulary levels of authorized English language textbooks and graded readers, level 1-6. From the results of their analyses, authors argue 1) English language textbooks are more difficult than the same level of graded readers. 2) In some cases, not enough of the vocabulary in graded readers is covered by the authorized textbooks. 3) Textbooks and graded readers share much of the same vocabulary. 4) Graded readers are well controlled for vocabulary but not for readability. 5) Though junior high students who have studied with English language textbooks may not be able to read the same level graded readers, high school students should be able to. These conclusions, based on a pilot study, are preliminary need further research.
著者
滝口 克己 黒正 清治 小林 克巳 石田 彰男 木村 正彦
出版者
一般社団法人 日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.286, pp.29-35, 1979
被引用文献数
1 1

This paper describes the newly developed loading apparatus for experimental studies to clarify the restoring force characteristics of reinforced concrete columns subjected to bi-directional horizontal forces and axial force. The loading method by this apparatus is as follows : 1) The base of column is fixed on the bed of loading apparatus. 2) The axial force is vertically applied by dead weight. 3) Two horizontal forces are applied to the top of column by oil jacks independently each other. In this loading apparatus, the relative three rotational displacements between top and base of column are restrained by the link mechanism, but the two horizontal displacements and vertical displacement are not restrained. Three specimens were tested without axial force, in order to obtain the fundamental data about the restoring force characteristics of reinforced concrete columns to bi-directional horizontal displacements and to examine the effects of the link mechanism on restraining rotational displacements. In this experiment, horizontal, vertical and rotational relative displacements were measured. From these experimental results, it was found that all rotational displacements were negligibly small, but horizontal and vertical displacements were not restrained by the link mechanism at all. Therefore, the loading apparatus developed here was operated properly and was restraining the rotational displacements, as was expected in its design. As a result, it was proved that the experiments of reinforced concrete columns subjected to bi-directional horizontal forces and axial force could be carried out on the clear conditions conveniently.
著者
肥塚 美千代 方 成林 末宗 洋 酒井 浄
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.5, pp.1185-1187, 1989-05-25 (Released:2008-03-31)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
9 12

1, 4-Addition of organocopper reagents to γ-substituted α, β-unsaturated γ-lactones followed by intramolecular trapping of the resulted enolates afforded cis, cis-1, 2, 3-trisubstituted cyclopentanes and cyclohexanes in a stereocontrolled manner. This new cyclization reaction to cyclopentanes provides a new synthetic route to the key intermediate in the synthesis of 11-deoxyprostaglandins.
著者
肥塚 美千代 林 教行 鎌下 知子 末宗 洋 酒井 浄
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.4, pp.1550-1553, 1988-04-25 (Released:2008-03-31)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
13 14

2, 6-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3, 7-dione seems to be a promising compound for the synthesis of natural products such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, laurediol, and eldanolide. This compound, consisting of two γ-lactones, could be prepared by double lactonization of the silver salt of trans-3-hexenedioic acid using iodine. Starting with this bis-lactone, (±)-eldanoide could by synthesized in a stereocontrolled manner.
著者
小林 正人 岩佐 豪 高 敏 高木 牧人 前田 理 武次 徹也
出版者
公益社団法人 日本化学会・情報化学部会
雑誌
ケモインフォマティクス討論会予稿集 第39回ケモインフォマティクス討論会 浜松
巻号頁・発行日
pp.O18, 2016 (Released:2016-09-22)
参考文献数
5

金属ナノクラスター触媒の反応性は、構成元素だけでなく、サイズや環境、構造など様々なファクターに依存するため、触媒活性の決定的因子の解明は困難であった。本研究では、銅クラスター触媒によるNO解離反応を例に、反応経路自動探索法を用いた系統的量子化学計算とスパースモデリングの手法を併用した触媒活性因子の抽出を試みた。具体的には、LASSO推定、SCAD推定、MC+推定の3つの手法を使い、軌道エネルギーや局所的な指標などの説明変数を用いて、Cu13クラスター上でのNO解離の遷移状態エネルギーを回帰した。その結果、遷移状態のエネルギーはLUMOの軌道エネルギーと負の相関があること、SCAD推定やMC+推定ではLASSO推定よりもコンパクトで相関係数の高いモデルが得られることがわかった。
著者
安東 由佳子 小林 敏生 山内 加奈子
出版者
長野県看護大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2017-04-01

本研究は,ストレス対処方略を身につけないまま,将来の臨床現場での活躍を求められている看護学生に対して,マインドフルネスを活用したストレス対処力の育成を試み,その効果を検証する介入研究である.具体的には,マインドフルネスによる看護学生のストレス対処力育成の効果(心身への影響およびキャリア発達へ及ぼす影響)を明らかにすることを目的としている.初年度は,既存の看護学生を対象としたストレスに関する文献をレビューし,その結果を基盤に看護学生のストレス対処力育成に必要な内容を研究者間で討議した.次年度からの介入に用いるプログラムの枠組みが完成した.
著者
末宗 洋 林 教行 舟越 和久 秋田 弘幸 大石 武 酒井 浄
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.5, pp.2168-2170, 1985-05-25 (Released:2008-03-31)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
24 29

(S)-13-Hydroxy-9Z, 11E-octadecadienoic acid, a defensive substance in rice, was synthesized with high enantioselectivity by the reduction of the corresponding ketone with yeasts.