著者

Takanori Masukawa Masayuki Kadowaki Toshikazu Matsumoto Akira Nakatsuka Kyeong-Seong Cheon Kazuhisa Kato Fumi Tatsuzawa Nobuo Kobayashi

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-132, (Released:2018-01-06)

被引用文献数

2

---

Purple and red colored root characteristics were introduced to a local pungent radish “Izumo orochi daikon” ‘Susanoo’, and several characteristics including food functional components were evaluated. The root and leaf phenotype, the pigment composition, the isothiocyanate and soluble solids contents, and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in the root were investigated. These characteristics were compared between the mass selection breeding lines of purple, red roots and their parent cultivars. Although one-third of individuals in the M6 and M7 were non colored, the colored root characteristics was introduced into ‘Susanoo’. The main anthocyanins in the deep reddish purple colored purple root lines were acylated cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides, and those in the vivid purplish red colored red root lines were acylated pelargonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides, which corresponded to the main anthocyanins in their respective colored root parental cultivars. The isothiocyanate contents in the purple and red root lines were almost the same as that in ‘Susanoo’. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the purple and red root lines was almost two times higher than that of ‘Susanoo’. These results showed that the food functionality was enhanced by introduction of a colored root characteristic in ‘Susanoo’.

著者

松井 藤五郎 後藤 卓 Tohgoroh Matsui Takashi Goto 東京理科大学理工学部経営工学科 株式会社三菱東京UFJ銀行市場企画部 Department of Industrial Administration Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science Global Markets Planning Division The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd.

雑誌

人工知能学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (ISSN:09128085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.400-407, 2009-05-01

著者

日本 PDA 製薬学会技術教育委員会 小島 威 須賀 尚 綱島 大介 橋本 葭人 檜山 行雄 前田 仁 2009-2011 日本 PDA 製薬学会 技術教育委員会メンバー 上田 龍 榎本 将雄 奥村 剛宏 柿木 宏一 鎌田 謙次 紀井 良明 黒田 弘文

出版者

一般社団法人日本PDA製薬学会

雑誌

日本PDA学術誌 GMPとバリデーション (ISSN:13444891)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.1-24, 2016

---

QbD¹⁾開発を経ていない医薬品を ICH²⁾ビジョンに基づき各社のシステムに取り込むためには,それぞれの製品に QbD による製品・工程理解が必要となる。そのためには,利害関係者間での必要性の共通認識,会社内の連携,経営資源の配分など運営的な課題と具体的な手法の提示,薬事手続きに関する不安という課題がある。これらの課題に取り組み,既存品の置かれている現状解析から,品質・生産におけるリスクのみならず,行政動向を踏まえると薬事的なリスクも抱えることとなることを指摘し,既存品に対する QbD 適用の必要性を考察した。上市後 16 年経過した経口錠剤の溶出性低下をトリガーとした QbD 適用事例を示した。この事例は開発情報・実生産情報を基にした CQA³⁾確認,データマイニング⁴⁾,追加実験,改善検討,管理戦略の再構築という流れになっている。続いて,変更管理の全体的流れを整理した上で,前出の事例をもとに複数の管理戦略選択肢を上げ,それぞれに対する薬事手続きを考察した。さらに,既存薬に Q8⁵⁾適用する場合の社内体制とデータの扱いを検討した。変更提案をきっかけとした短期的な取り組みと継続的改善を達成する長期的な取り組みに分け検討を進め,リスクアセスメントのベースとなるデータの種類・所在をまとめた上で必要な社内機能を考察した。検討した既存品 QbD をまとめ,新規開発における QbD との比較検討を行ったところ,双方に共通したベストプラクティスがあることが認識された。その上で,『商用生産 QbD の推進』を総括的な結論とした。<br> 本検討は 2009 年から 2011 年にかけ行われ,2011 年 10 月 4 日に成果発表会を開催した。<br>

著者

金児-石野 知子 石野 史敏

出版者

日本生物科学者協会 ; 1949-

雑誌

生物科学 (ISSN:00452033)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.18-27, 2015-12

著者

Bodart-Bailey Beatrice M.

出版者

大妻女子大学

雑誌

大妻比較文化 : 大妻女子大学比較文化学部紀要 (ISSN:13454307)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.48-61, 2015

著者

Jou-Hsuan Ho Yi-Ning Yeh Hui-Wen Wang Sok Kean Khoo Yieng-How Chen Chi-Fa Chow

出版者

Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology

雑誌

Food Science and Technology Research (ISSN:13446606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.337-343, 2014 (Released:2014-05-31)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

20

---

Industrial wastewater containing heavy metals can become a serious environmental pollutant if not treated appropriately. Conventional treatment to remove toxic heavy metals can be expensive and may generate large amounts of toxic sludge. Regenerated natural wastes such as eggshells and eggshell membrane which are easily available, inexpensive, biodegradable, and have high adsorbability, can act as promising ‘green’ alternatives to remove heavy metal pollutants from wastewater. Here, we studied the adsorption capacity of eggshells with membrane (ESWM), eggshell membrane (ESM), and eggshells (ES) for the removal of nickel and silver ions in synthetic wastewater. Reaction time (1 to 72 h), metal ion concentration (25 to 200 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.1 to 0.8 g/20 mL), temperature (15°C to 45°C), and pH (1 to 9) were evaluated. Post-treatment nickel and silver concentrations were later analyzed using a spectrophotometer. Our results indicated increased removal of nickel and silver ions with increased adsorbent (all three ESWM, ESM, and ES) dosage, whereas the removal of nickel and silver ion decreased with increasing initial metal concentration. Among ESWM, ESM, and ES, ESM has the highest removal capacity and was the best adsorbent. The 0.8 g of ESM could remove 90.91% of nickel ions (100 mg/L) at 25°C, pH 5.76 and 24 h. On the other hand, approximately 100% of silver ions (25 mg/L) could be removed by 0.2 g of ESM at 25°C, pH 5.2, and 24 h. There was no difference in the adsorbability of ES and ESWM on nickel and silver ions. In summary, all three adsorbents, ESWM, ES, and ESM, can remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solution, with ESM having the highest efficiency. Hence, eggshell and its derivatives can be promising ‘green’ adsorbent materials for treating wastewater containing nickel and silver ions.

著者

Do Hyun Kim Won-Gyu Yoo Ji-Hye Do

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.12, pp.2210-2211, 2017 (Released:2017-12-13)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

---

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to measure gluteal pressure and center of force (COF) during sitting in children with cerebral palsy (CP). [Subjects and Methods] The participants were five children with CP and five typically developing controls. We measured peak gluteal pressure and COF using the TekScan system. During the measurements, all children sat on the therapeutic table for 1 minute without back and foot support. [Results] The peak gluteal pressure and COF in children with CP were significantly higher than values in controls. [Conclusion] This study suggests that it is important to distribute hip pressure evenly and transfer COF in a forward direction during rehabilitation in children with CP.

著者

Masoud JAMEI Gemma L DICKINSON Amin ROSTAMI-HODJEGAN

出版者

The Japanese Society for the Study of Xenobiotics

雑誌

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (ISSN:13474367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.53-75, 2009 (Released:2009-02-28)

参考文献数

150

被引用文献数

300

---

An increasing number of failures in clinical stages of drug development have been related to the effects of candidate drugs in a sub-group of patients rather than the ‘average’ person. Expectation of extreme effects or lack of therapeutic effects in some subgroups following administration of similar doses requires a full understanding of the issue of variability and the importance of identifying covariates that determine the exposure to the drug candidates in each individual. In any drug development program the earlier these covariates are known the better. An important component of the drive to decrease this failure rate in drug development involves attempts to use physiologically-based pharmacokinetics ‘bottom-up’ modeling and simulation to optimize molecular features with respect to the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) processes. The key element of this approach is the separation of information on the system (i.e. human body) from that of the drug (e.g. physicochemical characteristics determining permeability through membranes, partitioning to tissues, binding to plasma proteins or affinities toward certain enzymes and transporter proteins) and the study design (e.g. dose, route and frequency of administration, concomitant drugs and food). In this review, the classical ‘top-down’ approach in covariate recognition is compared with the ‘bottom-up’ paradigm. The determinants and sources of inter-individual variability in different stages of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion are discussed in detail. Further, the commonly known tools for simulating ADME properties are introduced.

著者

Chan-Ryul Park Woo-Shin Lee

出版者

THE MAMMAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

Mammal Study (ISSN:13434152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.17-21, 2003 (Released:2003-07-04)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

20

---

We developed a habitat suitability model for wild boar Sus scrofa in the Mt. Baekwoonsan region of Korea. We recorded wild boar field signs (dust baths, bedding sites, digging areas, feces and tracks) and habitat variables such as the nearest distance to watercourses (DWATER) and trails (DTRAIL), slope, aspect (ASPECT), forest type and forest age. Field signs and habitat characteristics were assessed within a 25 × 25 m quadrat along seven survey routes from August 1999 to July 2000. We conducted a CATMOD regression analysis based on 416 field signs at 50 points and classified them into 3 levels of habitat importance (high, medium and low) based on the relative importance of field signs. Habitat suitability indices (P) were calculated based on significant relationships between parameters such as DWATER, DTRAIL and ASPECT resulting in the following function: P = 1/(1 + exp – (3.82 × (DWATER) – 1.21 × (DTRAIL) + 1.35 × (ASPECT))). Important habitats of wild boar were distributed near watercourses and far from trails along east and south-facing slopes.

著者

Ju-hyeon Jung Nan-soo Kim

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.12, pp.2176-2179, 2017 (Released:2017-12-13)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

14

---

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the diaphragm thickness and diaphragm excursion, and pulmonary function in individuals with stroke. [Subjects and Methods] One hundred fourteen patients who were clinically diagnosed with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were included. The diaphragm thickness and excursion were assessed using ultrasonography, and the diaphragm thickening ratio was standardized using a formula. To analyze pulmonary function, we measured the forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and peak expiratory flow. [Results] A statistically significant correlation was found between the diaphragm thickness, thickness ratio, and diaphragm excursion; and the forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and peak expiratory flow. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that there is a relationship between respiratory function and diaphragm thickness and diaphragm excursion, especially in the paretic side of the diaphragm. Therefore, the role of the respiratory muscles of the paretic side is important in rehabilitation programs to improve the respiratory function of stroke patients.

著者

Seung-Oh Shin Nan-Soo Kim

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.12, pp.2077-2080, 2017 (Released:2017-12-07)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

18

---

[Purpose] We investigated the effects of upper extremity resistance exercise with elastic bands on respiratory function in children with cerebral palsy. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen children were divided into two groups: the experimental (n=8) and control (n=7) groups. Both groups performed general exercises for 30 minutes per session, two times a week during the intervention period. The experimental group performed an additional upper extremity resistance exercise with elastic bands for 20–30 minutes per session, twice weekly for 8 weeks. Pulmonary function, and respiratory muscle and grip strength were measured before and after the exercise. [Results] There was no significant difference in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow before and after the intervention in either group. The increment of maximal expiratory pressure was significantly greater in the experimental group, compared with the control group. In addition, grip strength was significantly increased in the experimental group after the intervention than before. [Conclusion] We found that upper extremity resistance exercise with elastic bands has a positive effect on expiration and improves grip strength in children with cerebral palsy.

著者

Noh Su-Hee Na Doo-Young Lee Chang-Seok Kim Yong-Tae

出版者

日本知能情報ファジィ学会

雑誌

SCIS & ISIS

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, pp.908-913, 2010

---

In this paper, we present a visual navigation method in an indoor GPS environment using D* Lite and fuzzy motion planning for humanoid robots. First, we estimate the location of the robot using an inner GPS(iGPS). A global path is searched considering the direction to the goal based on D* Lite planning method. A fuzzy motion planner finds feasible locomotion primitives to track the global path. It selects an optimal primitive depending on a distance between the path and the humanoid robot and an angle difference between a tangent angle of the path and a pointing angle of the robot. Fuzzy motion planner also decides that selected primitive can be applied to the walking motion of humanoid. If it is feasible, a humanoid robot executes locomotion primitives in order to navigate to the goal along the path. We verify our approach through the navigation experiments by using a developed small humanoid robot. The experimental results demonstrate that the humanoid robot can navigate fast and stably to the goal.

著者

Kiyoshi Hibi Shinjo Sonoda Masanori Kawasaki Yutaka Otsuji Toyoaki Murohara Hideki Ishii Katsuhiko Sato Ryoji Koshida Yukio Ozaki Masataka Sata Yoshihiro Morino Tadashi Miyamoto Tetsuya Amano Satoshi Morita Ken Kozuma Kazuo Kimura Hisayoshi Fujiwara for the Ezetimibe-ACS Investigators

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-17-0598, (Released:2017-12-07)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

31

---

Background:The results of previous clinical trials on the effects of ezetimibe-statin combination therapy on atherosclerosis are inconsistent, and the anti-atherosclerotic effect of ezetimibe remains controversial.

著者

Jung Seom-Kyu Choi Bok Kyung Kim Bong-Chae Kim Byoung-Nam Park Yosup Lee Yong-Kuk

出版者

超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム運営委員会

雑誌

超音波エレクトロニクスの基礎と応用に関するシンポジウム講演論文集 (ISSN:13488236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.287-288, 2011-11-08

著者

Sandi SUFIANDI Hiromichi OBARA Huai-Che HSU Shin ENOSAWA Hiroshi MIZUNUMA

出版者

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

雑誌

Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering (ISSN:18809863)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-00421, (Released:2017-12-04)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1

---

Improving the process of cell injection during hepatocyte transplantation requires an understanding of the causal relationships that shear, direct contact cells with a solid surface, and cell deformation have on cell viability loss. A linear shear model was used to model this loss of cell viability during their movement on a solid surface as part of the injection step of hepatocyte transplantation. Rat hepatocytes were studied under linear shear using two parallel plates, with a ”tight” condition that had a 25 μm gap, and a ”loose” gap condition with a > 25 μm gap, to determine the effects of cell deformation, and simulate cell viability loss during injection. Cell morphology and deformation were also observed using time-lapse images. Direct contact with a solid surface is deleterious for cells, and live cells became deformed under shear stress until they lost viability. The cell size could decrease or increase during deformation, and a loss of viability could occur due to a loss of membrane integrity or cell rupture. The space limitations in the tight gap could prevent cell expansion, which delayed the process of cell viability loss. In summary, preventing the direct contact of hepatocytes with a solid surface is recommended to improve the cell injection process during transplantation.

著者

RABIE Raafat K. MATTER Mohamed K. KHAMIS Abd-El-Maksoud MASTAFA Mostafa M.

出版者

CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

日本作物学会紀事 (ISSN:00111848)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.155-161, 1986

被引用文献数

3

---

食用ソラマメの生育と窒素含有量および収量に対する土壌塩類, 窒素施肥の影響をポット条件下で調査した. 塩類濃度は, 乾土当り 0.18, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60%の4水準を設け, 0.18%のものを対照区とした. 窒素施肥については, 1ポット4 kgの土壌に対して窒素成分として 0, 25, 50, 75 mg添加の4水準を設けた. 得られた結果は次の通りである. 1. 乾物重, 窒素含有量, 子実収量, 茎重, 個体当り莢数, 個体当り子実蛋白量は, 塩類濃度0.30%は促進的であったが, その他の塩類濃度では, 濃度が高まるにつれて抑制的であった. 百粒重, 子実蛋白含有率に対しては, 対照区に比べて全ての塩類濃度が抑制的に作用した. 2. 個体当り子実収量, 百粒重並びに開花前期と英形成期における乾物重については, それぞれの平均値が窒素施肥によって増加した. 3. 植物体窒素含有量, 個体当り莢数並びに子実蛋白含有量は, 窒素施肥によって増加し, 莢充実期と成熟期では 50mgの窒素施用が最も促進的であった. 4. 開花前期と莢充実期の植物体乾物重は, 最終子実収量と有意の高い正の相関が認められた. 5. 子実生産の効率は, 窒素施用量の増加にともなって高まった. これらの結果から, a) 塩類濃度 0.45%は, ソラマメの生育にとって限界濃度であり, b) 根粒菌種子接種に併用する窒素施肥は, 可給態窒素含量の低い土壌で最大収量を得るために有効であると結論された.

著者

KYOKO MASUKAWA YOSHIRO NISHIO KEN-ICHIRO HAYASHI

出版者

GEOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (ISSN:00167002)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.3, pp.309-319, 2013-06-20 (Released:2013-11-26)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

10

---

Ore-forming fluid trapped in vein quartz as fluid inclusions from tungsten ore at the Takatori mine was extracted by a crush-leach technique. The trace metal content and isotopic composition (δ7Li and 87Sr/86Sr ratio) of inclusion fluids were measured. Although quartz single crystals can host fluid inclusions associated with different generations, careful selection of analytical samples made it possible to separate the temporal mineralization stages. We succeeded in reconstructing the evolution of the ore-forming fluid from the results of chemical analyses. δ7Li values of the ore-forming fluid were between -2.6 and +7.9‰, gradually increasing in the later stages. The early-stage fluid characterized by low δ7Li values was derived from magma with a meta-sedimentary source (S-type granite). During precipitation of Li-bearing minerals, the δ7Li value of the ore-forming fluid became larger. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of early-stage ore-forming fluid was 0.7202 to 0.7276, suggesting that the fluid responsible for tungsten mineralization was derived from S-type magma, and this magma had a different origin from the granitic rocks widely distributed in the mining area.

著者

Masayoshi Yamamoto Yoshihiro Seo Tomoko Ishizu Isao Nishi Yoshie Hamada-Harimura Tomoko Machino-Ohtsuka Kimi Sato Seika Sai Akinori Sugano Kenichi Obara Kazutaka Aonuma

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.11, pp.1662-1669, 2017-10-25 (Released:2017-10-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

9

---

Background:Although experimental animal studies report many pleiotropic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), their prognostic value has not been demonstrated in clinical trials.Methods and Results:Among 838 prospectively enrolled heart failure (HF) patients hospitalized for acute decompensated HF, 79 treated with DPP-4i were compared with 79 propensity score-matched non-DPP-4i diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality; the secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death and hospitalization. During follow-up (423±260 days), 8 patients (10.1%) in the DPP-4i group and 13 (16.5%) in the non-DPP-4i group died (log-rank, P=0.283). The DPP-4i group did not have a significantly higher rate of all-cause mortality (log-rank, P=0.283), or cardiovascular death or hospitalization (log-rank, P=0.425). In a subgroup analysis of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; n=75), the DPP-4i group had a significantly better prognosis than the non-DPP-4i group regarding the primary endpoint (log-rank, P=0.021) and a tendency to have better prognosis regarding the secondary endpoint (log-rank, P=0.119). In patients with HF with reduced EF (n=83), DPP-4i did not result in better prognosis.Conclusions:DPP-4i did not increase the risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with DM and HF. DPP-4i may be beneficial in HFpEF.

著者

Alan Mackay-Sim

出版者

The Keio Journal of Medicine

雑誌

The Keio Journal of Medicine (ISSN:00229717)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.8-14, 2005 (Released:2005-09-28)

参考文献数

68

被引用文献数

28 46

---

The olfactory ensheathing cell is a specialized glial cell that assists in growth of the axons of the olfactory sensory neurons as they are generated and regenerated throughout adult life. There is increasing evidence in animal models that transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cell promotes recovery after transplantation into the injured spinal cord. Olfactory ensheathing cell transplants have promoted regrowth of axons across the injury site and led to recovery of functional behaviours including climbing, walking, reaching, and breathing. Most evidence comes from olfactory ensheathing cells derived from the olfactory bulb. This is an impractical site for human biopsy compared to the easy accessibility of olfactory ensheathing cells from the olfactory mucosa in the nose. Our experiments demonstrated that nasal olfactory ensheathing cells led to functional improvement after complete spinal cord transaction in rat. After devising methods to grow human olfactory ensheathing cells from nasal biopsy we recently initiated a Phase I clinical trial of transplantation into the human paraplegic spinal cord.

著者

Tran Duy Vinh Yuichi Yoshida Mitsuo Ooyama Tanjuro Goto Ken-ichiro Yasuba Yoshiyuki Tanaka

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-114, (Released:2017-11-17)

被引用文献数

15

---

Blossom-end rot (BER) in tomato has been generally reported as a calcium (Ca)-related physiological disorder influenced by cultivar and environmental factors. In our previous works, we found that different fruit-sized cultivars could share a similar threshold value of water-soluble Ca. In addition, seasonal susceptibility to BER was closely related to fruit growth rate. This study aimed to clarify the effect of fruit growth rate as a dominant factor determining the susceptibility in different fruit-sized tomato cultivars. A large-sized cultivar, ‘Momotaro Fight’, and medium-sized ‘Cindy Sweet’, with different susceptibility to BER disorder, were hydroponically grown with modified Hoagland nutrient solutions consisting of a range of Ca:K (potassium) ratios in four cropping seasons. In spring and summer, BER incidence was more than 60 and 10% in ‘Momotaro Fight’ and ‘Cindy Sweet’, respectively, when plants were fed with low Ca. BER was rarely observed when water-soluble Ca exceeded 0.30 μmol·g−1 FW, and the rate of BER incidence increased with a decrease in water-soluble Ca concentration in both cultivars. Fruit growth rate was much more vigorous in ‘Momotaro Fight’ than ‘Cindy Sweet’, especially in summer. It was significantly favored by the increased temperature and solar radiation in both cultivars. The multiple regression analyses detected a significant effect of fruit growth rate on BER incidence, exclusively in ‘Momotaro Fight’. Together with water-soluble Ca, fruit growth rate explained over 50% of the variation of BER incidence. A vigorous rate of fruit growth can play a more important role in decreasing water-soluble Ca in ‘Momotaro Fight’, and result in severe and frequent BER incidence, compared to ‘Cindy Sweet’. Thus the cultivar difference in the susceptibility to BER is likely explained by the difference in the growth rate of young fruit affecting water-soluble Ca in the distal part of tomato fruit.