著者

Naoki Kado Masanori Ito Toshiaki Suzuki Hiroshi Ando

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.10, pp.949-952, 2012 (Released:2012-12-28)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

4 3

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[Purpose] This study evaluated the effects of voluntary arm movements performed at various difficulty levels on the excitability of spinal motor neurons in the contralateral arm using F-wave analysis. [Subjects] A total of 20 healthy volunteers participated in this study after giving their written informed consent. [Methods] With the subject seated on a chair, F-waves were elicited from the right abductor pollicis brevis during movement tasks performed by the left arm. The tasks were repetitive movements between two targets placed 20 cm apart on a desk. The subject was instructed to accurately touch the targets with the tip of a pen. In order to adjust the difficulty level, the size of the targets was changed as follows: 5 cm × 15 cm (width × length) for task 1, 0.5 cm × 15 cm for task 2, and 0.25 cm × 15 cm for task 3. The control task was to remain in the sitting position on the chair. [Results] The amplitude ratio of F/M significantly increased during tasks 2 and 3 compared with that during the control task. [Conclusion] Voluntary arm movements performed at a high difficulty level increase the excitability of spinal motor neurons in the contralateral arm.

著者

Hiroshi SATO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.12, pp.1551-1555, 2010 (Released:2010-12-29)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

4 4

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To clarify the significance of fecal trimethylamine, lactate and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in fermentative development of the hindgut in neonatal calves and the occurrence of diarrhea, 143 fecal samples (47 diarrheic, 93 normal and 3 meconium) were collected from 58 dairy calves fed milk. An additional 20 fecal samples were obtained from 10 weaned calves aged 13 to 18 weeks. Fecal pH, trimethylamine, ammonia, lactate and VFAs were analyzed. Compared with weaned calves, the trimethylamine level was higher in milk-fed calves and was associated with a large number of cases of diarrhea, but it had little relationship with the fecal ammonia level. Feces collected from the youngest (<2 weeks age) calves were more acidic and were associated with a higher lactate concentration. Lactic fermentation and fecal acidity were tremendously accelerated, particularly in diarrhea. Despite large fluctuations, the VFA concentrations were lower in diarrheic than in normal feces. In diarrheic feces at the youngest stage, the lower proportion of n-butyrate in the VFAs was accompanied by the elevated proportion of acetate. However, the fermentative differences between the diarrheic and normal feces were less apparent with advancing age. Thus, the fecal lactate and VFA profiles revealed marked changes with advancing age and suffering from diarrhea. Upon comparison with weaned calves, the trimethylamine level was clearly higher in the milk-fed calves and showed huge elevations in diarrheic cases.

著者

Hiroshi KARIBE Ayumi NARISAWA Arata NAGAI Satoshi YAMANOUCHI Motonobu KAMEYAMA Atsuhiro NAKAGAWA Teiji TOMINAGA

出版者

The Japan Neurosurgical Society

雑誌

Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-0327, (Released:2023-01-20)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

3

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Anti-thrombotic drugs may increase the risk for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). However, whether to continue or discontinue/counteract these drugs has not been investigated in patients with mild head trauma. CSDH incidence after mild head trauma, as well as the risk for CSDH in patients with anti-thrombotic drugs, were investigated in this study. The study included 765 consecutive elderly (>65 y.o.) patients with mild head trauma and an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 14 or 15. All patients received initial CT within 24 hours after trauma and were re-examined 30 days after trauma to detect CSDH formation, repeating for every 30 days to examine symptomatic CSDH progression. Patients were divided into two groups, with anti-thrombotic drugs (n = 195) or without them (n = 263), to investigate the influence of pre-traumatic conditioning with anti-thrombotic drugs on CSDH. The whole sample was 458 out of 765 cases. The incidence of CSDH formation was 91 out of 458 cases (19.9%) after mild head trauma, with no significant difference between with and without anti-thrombotic drugs. CSDH progressed as symptomatic in 21 out of 458 cases (4.6%), with no significant difference between with and without anti-thrombotic drugs. Pre-traumatic conditioning with anti-thrombotic drugs and its continuation after trauma did not affect the incidence of formation or symptomatic progression of CSDH. This finding suggests that discontinuing and/or counteracting anti-thrombotic drugs may be unnecessary in patients with mild head trauma.

著者

Takahiro KUMAGAWA Naoki OTANI Yuzo KAKEI Hiroshi NEGISHI Takeshi SUMA Atsuo YOSHINO

出版者

The Japan Neurosurgical Society

雑誌

NMC Case Report Journal (ISSN:21884226)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.1-7, 2023-12-31 (Released:2023-01-16)

参考文献数

20

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Initial three-dimensional computed tomography and cerebral angiography fail to identify any aneurysm in 20% of cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Basilar artery (BA) perforator aneurysms are rare, and approximately 30%-60% were not identified by initial angiography. A 71-year-old male was transferred with a sudden onset of headache and loss of consciousness. Computed tomography demonstrated subarachnoid hemorrhage, but no ruptured aneurysm was detected. Repeat preoperative cerebral angiography indicated a bifurcation aneurysm of the circumflex branch of the superior cerebellar artery perforator, but microsurgical observation identified the BA perforator aneurysm. If the location of the BA perforator aneurysm cannot be clearly identified, as in this case, repeat angiography should be considered, and the treatment strategy should be decided based on a detailed consideration of the site of the aneurysm.

著者

Naoki Nakayama Takeshi Yamamoto Migaku Kikuchi Hiroyuki Hanada Toshiaki Mano Takahiro Nakashima Katsutaka Hashiba Akihito Tanaka Kunihiro Matsuo Osamu Nomura Sunao Kojima Junichi Yamaguchi Tetsuya Matoba Yoshio Tahara Hiroshi Nonogi for the Japan Resuscitation Council (JRC) Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Task Force and the Guideline Editorial Committee on behalf of the Japanese Circulation Society (JCS) Emergency and Critical Care Committee

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Reports (ISSN:24340790)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.10, pp.449-457, 2022-10-07 (Released:2022-10-07)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 7

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Background: Recent guidelines for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) recommend prehospital administration of aspirin and nitroglycerin for ACS patients. However, there is no clear evidence to support this. We investigated the benefits and harms of prehospital administration of aspirin and nitroglycerin by non-physician healthcare professionals in patients with suspected ACS.Methods and Results: We searched the PubMed database and used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty of evidence. Three retrospective studies for aspirin and 1 for nitroglycerin administered in the prehospital setting to patients with acute myocardial infarction were included. Prehospital aspirin administration was associated with significantly lower 30-day and 1-year mortality compared with aspirin administration after arrival at hospital, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.99) and 0.47 (95% CI 0.36–0.62), respectively. Prehospital nitroglycerin administration was also associated with significantly lower 30-day and 1-year mortality compared with no prehospital administration (OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.24–0.50] and 0.38 [95% CI 0.29–0.50], respectively). The certainty of evidence was very low in both systematic reviews.Conclusions: Our systematic reviews suggest that prehospital administration of aspirin and nitroglycerin by non-physician healthcare professionals is beneficial for patients with suspected ACS, although the certainty of evidence is very low. Further investigation is needed to determine the benefit of the prehospital administration of these agents.

著者

Takeshi Yamashita Masaharu Akao Hirotsugu Atarashi Takanori Ikeda Yukihiro Koretsune Ken Okumura Wataru Shimizu Shinya Suzuki Hiroyuki Tsutsui Kazunori Toyoda Atsushi Hirayama Masahiro Yasaka Takenori Yamaguchi Satoshi Teramukai Tetsuya Kimura Yoshiyuki Morishima Atsushi Takita Hiroshi Inoue

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-22-0614, (Released:2023-01-17)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3

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Background: Previous studies on mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF) included a limited number of elderly patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). This subanalysis of the ANAFIE Registry evaluated 2-year mortality according to causes of death of elderly non-valvular AF (NVAF) patients in the DOAC era.Methods and Results: The ANAFIE Registry was a multicenter prospective observational study. Mean patient age was 81.5 years and 57.3% of patients were male. Of the 32,275 patients completing the study, 2,242 died. The most frequent causes of death were cardiovascular (CV) death (32.4%), followed by infection (17.1%) and malignancy (16.1%). Incidence rates of CV-, malignancy-, and infection-related death were 1.20, 0.60, and 0.63 per 100 person-years, respectively. Patients aged ≥85 years showed increased proportions of non-CV and non-malignancy deaths and a decreased proportion of malignancy deaths compared with patients aged <85 years. The incidence of death due to congestive heart failure/cardiogenic shock, infection, and renal disease was higher in patients aged ≥85 than those aged <85 years. Compared with warfarin, DOACs were associated with a significantly lower risk of death by intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and renal disease.Conclusions: This subanalysis described the mortality according to causes of death of Japanese elderly NVAF patients in the DOAC era. Our results imply that a more holistic approach to comorbid conditions and stroke prevention are required in these patients.

著者

Masaharu Ishihara Koichi Nakao Yukio Ozaki Kazuo Kimura Junya Ako Teruo Noguchi Masashi Fujino Satoshi Yasuda Satoru Suwa Kazuteru Fujimoto Yasuharu Nakama Takashi Morita Wataru Shimizu Yoshihiko Saito Atsushi Hirohata Yasuhiro Morita Teruo Inoue Atsunori Okamura Masaaki Uematsu Kazuhito Hirata Kengo Tanabe Yoshisato Shibata Mafumi Owa Kenichi Tsujita Hiroshi Funayama Nobuaki Kokubu Ken Kozuma Tetsuya Tobaru Shigeru Oshima Michikazu Nakai Kunihiro Nishimura Yoshihiro Miyamoto Hisao Ogawa on behalf of J-MINUET Investigators

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.7, pp.958-965, 2017-06-23 (Released:2017-06-23)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

34 43

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Background:According to troponin-based criteria of myocardial infarction (MI), patients without elevation of creatine kinase (CK), formerly classified as unstable angina (UA), are now diagnosed as non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI), but little is known about their outcomes.Methods and Results:Between July 2012 and March 2014, 3,283 consecutive patients with MI were enrolled. Clinical follow-up data were obtained up to 3 years. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, cardiac failure and urgent revascularization for UA. There were 2,262 patients with ST-elevation MI (STEMI), 563 NSTEMI with CK elevation (NSTEMI+CK) and 458 NSTEMI without CK elevation (NSTEMI-CK). From day 0, Kaplan-Meier curves for the primary endpoint began to diverge in favor of NSTEMI-CK for up to 30 days. The 30-day event rate was significantly lower in patients with NSTEMI-CK (3.3%) than in STEMI (8.6%, P<0.001) and NSTEMI+CK (9.9%, P<0.001). Later, the event curves diverged in favor of STEMI. The event rate from 31 days to 3 years was significantly lower in patients with STEMI (19.8%) than in NSTEMI+CK (33.6%, P<0.001) and NSTEMI-CK (34.2%, P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier curves from 31 days to 3 years were almost identical between NSTEMI+CK and NSTEMI-CK (P=0.91).Conclusions:Despite smaller infarct size and better short-term outcomes, long-term outcomes of NSTEMI-CK after convalescence were as poor as those for NSTEMI+CK and worse than for STEMI.

著者

青柳 宏 Hiroshi AOYAGI

出版者

宇都宮大学共同教育学部

雑誌

宇都宮大学共同教育学部研究紀要.第1部 = The Research Bulletin of the Cooperative Faculty of Education Utsunomiya University. Section 1 (ISSN:24325546)

巻号頁・発行日

no.71, pp.293-330, 2021-03-31

著者

矢田 裕士 Yada Hiroshi ヤダ ヒロシ

出版者

東京家政大学

雑誌

東京家政大学研究紀要 1 人文社会科学 (ISSN:03851206)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.171-189, 1998

著者

Ikuya Yamada Yuta Kato Hiroshi Nakajima Hidekazu Ikeno Shigeo Mori Shogo Kawaguchi

出版者

The Japan Institute of Metals and Materials

雑誌

MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS (ISSN:13459678)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MT-MG2022005, (Released:2023-01-10)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1

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A novel oxide YCu3Rh4O12 has been obtained using high-pressure and high-temperature conditions of 12 GPa and 1573 K. Electron diffraction and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data demonstrates that YCu3Rh4O12 crystallizes in a cubic AA′3B4O12-type quadruple perovskite structure. The valence state is estimated to be Y3+Cu3+3Rh3+4O12 by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The electric resistivity and magnetization data prove that YCu3Rh4O12 is a diamagnetic insulator, which is expected from the electron configurations of Cu3+ (3d8, low spin, S = 0) and Rh3+ (4d6, low spin, S = 0) ions. The first-principle calculation displays the insulating band structure for YCu3Rh4O12. The valence state transition from Ca2+Cu2.8+3Rh3.4+4O12 to Y3+Cu3+3Rh3+4O12 indicates that the doped electrons by the substitution of Y3+ for Ca2+ are not simply injected to Cu and/or Rh ions, realizing unusual charge redistributions consisting of the simultaneous Cu oxidation (Cu2.8+ → Cu3+) and Rh reduction (Rh3.4+ → Rh3+).

著者

Masaki Machida Tomoko Takamiya Shiho Amagasa Hiroshi Murayama Takeo Fujiwara Yuko Odagiri Hiroyuki Kikuchi Noritoshi Fukushima Mitsuo Kouno Yu Saito Fumitoshi Yoshimine Shigeru Inoue Yugo Shobugawa

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.11, pp.489-495, 2022-11-05 (Released:2022-11-05)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

7 9

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Background: The hippocampus is a brain structure important for memory and cognitive function. Physical activity may help prevent hippocampal atrophy. However, few studies have measured sedentary behavior (SB) and intensity-specific physical activity using an accelerometer. This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations of objectively-determined SB, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured by an accelerometer with hippocampal volume among community-dwelling older adults using compositional data analysis (CoDa) approach.Methods: This cross-sectional study was part of the Neuron to Environmental Impact across Generations (NEIGE) study. A randomly recruited sample of 485 Japanese older adults (47% male; aged 65–84 years) wore tri-axial accelerometers (Omron Healthcare) for 7 consecutive days in 2017. Hippocampal volume was measured with magnetic resonance imaging and the left and right hippocampal volumes were automatically segmented using FreeSurfer software. Associations of sedentary and physically active behaviors with hippocampal volume were examined with compositional linear regression analysis based on isometric log-ratio transformations of time use adjusted for potential confounding factors.Results: The relative proportion of time spent in MVPA, compared to the other two activities, was significantly positively associated with right hippocampal volume (β: 57.1, P-value = 0.027). However, no association existed between higher proportions of MVPA and left hippocampal volume, or between proportions of SB or LPA with either left or right hippocampal volumes.Conclusion: The proportion of time spent in MVPA, relative to the other two activities, was significantly positively associated with right hippocampal volume. MVPA may be beneficial for maintaining hippocampal volume.

著者

Kei Nakayama Mari Kondo Tomoko Okuno Nurhanani Razali Hiroshi Hasegawa

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.b22-00842, (Released:2022-12-27)

参考文献数

29

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Immune suppression in elderly individuals is one of the most important hygienic problems in aged societies. The primary immune organ thymus is histologically and functionally reduced by aging, which is known as thymic involution. The thymus is also involuted by nutritional deficiency, which frequently occurs in elderly individuals. However, there is no information on the thymic changes caused by nutritional deficiency with aging. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the histological and molecular responses of the thymus to nutritional deficiency in young and aged mice. The thymic size was significantly smaller in 16- or 18-week-old aged mice than in 7-week-old young mice. Dietary restriction for 48 h reduced the thymic size in young mice, but not in aged mice. Immunostaining with anti-keratin 5 antibody revealed that the integrity of the corticomedullary boundary was maintained in the aged thymus, whereas dietary restriction induced its disorganization in both young and aged thymus. The numbers of IgG-positive cells were increased upon dietary restriction in aged, but not in young, thymus. Dietary restriction, but not aging, upregulated the mRNA levels of Th2-related Il5, Il6, and Il10, whereas aging increased that of Th1-related Ifng. The dietary restriction–induced upregulation of prostanoid-synthesizing enzymes was clearly observed in the young thymus but attenuated in the aged thymus. Thus, nutritional deficiency and aging cause an involuted thymus with different properties. Moreover, the thymus in aged mice does not show further reduction in size by nutritional deficiency but still responds differently compared with that in young mice.

著者

Mitsuru Yagi Nobuyuki Fujita Tomohiko Hasegawa Gen Inoue Yoshihisa Kotani Seiji Ohtori Sumihisa Orita Yasushi Oshima Daisuke Sakai Toshinori Sakai Hiroshi Taneichi Daisuke Togawa Kazuo Nakanishi Hiroaki Nakashima Toshitaka Yoshii Masaya Nakamura Motoki Iwasaki Masahiko Watanabe Hirotaka Haro Tokumi Kanemura Naobumi Hosogane New Technology Assessment Committee of The Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research

出版者

The Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research

雑誌

Spine Surgery and Related Research (ISSN:2432261X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-0194, (Released:2022-12-12)

被引用文献数

1

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IntroductionLateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) has been introduced in Japan in 2013. Despite the effectiveness of this procedure, several considerable complications have been reported. This study reported the results of a nationwide survey performed by the Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research (JSSR) on the complications associated with LLIF performed in Japan.MethodsJSSR members conducted a web-based survey following LLIF between 2015 and 2020. Any complications meeting the following criteria were included: (1) major vessel, (2) urinary tract, (3) renal, (4) visceral organ, (5) lung, (6) vertebral, (7) nerve, and (8) anterior longitudinal ligament injury; (9) weakness of psoas; (10) motor and (11) sensory deficit; (12) surgical site infection; and (13) other complications. The complications were analyzed in all LLIF patients, and the differences in incidence and type of complications between the transpsoas (TP) and prepsoas (PP) approaches were compared.ResultsAmong the 13,245 LLIF patients (TP 6,198 patients [47%] and PP 7,047 patients [53%]), 389 complications occurred in 366 (2.76%) patients. The most common complication was sensory deficit (0.5%), followed by motor deficit (0.43%) and weakness of psoas muscle (0.22%). Among the patient cohort, 100 patients (0.74%) required revision surgery during the survey period. Almost half of the complications developed in patients with spinal deformity (183 patients [47.0%]). Four patients (0.03%) died from complications. Statistically more frequent complications occurred in the TP approach than in the PP approach (TP vs. PP, 220 patients [3.55%] vs. 169 patients [2.40%]; p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe overall complication rate was 2.76%, and 0.74% of the patients required revision surgery because of complications. Four patients died from complications. LLIF may be beneficial for degenerative lumbar conditions with acceptable complications; however, the indication for spinal deformity should be carefully determined by the experience of the surgeon and the extent of the deformity.

著者

Taro Okui Yoshikazu Kobayashi Madoka Isomura Masakazu Tsujimoto Koji Satoh Hiroshi Toyama

出版者

Fujita Medical Society

雑誌

Fujita Medical Journal (ISSN:21897247)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-025, (Released:2022-12-27)

参考文献数

30

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Objectives: This study investigated the relationships between quantitative values calculated from bone single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images and histopathological findings observed in surgical specimens from patients with antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ); it sought to clarify histopathological factors that cause accumulation in bone SPECT/CT images of patients with ARONJ.Methods: This study included 81 pathological specimens of 21 lesions obtained from 18 patients with ARONJ who underwent SPECT/CT and jaw resection. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of each volume of interest of the specimens was calculated using RAVAT® software. The ratio of the SUVmax to the mean value of SUVmax in temporal bone was termed rSUVmax. The rSUVmax and pathological findings (sequestration, degree of fibrosis, degree of trabecular bone destruction, degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, and vascularity) were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test.Results: In univariate analysis with rSUVmax as the dependent variable, the pathological findings of sequestration (P=0.058), degree of fibrosis (P=0.810), degree of trabecular bone destruction (P=0.237), degree of inflammatory cell infiltration (P=0.120), and vascularity (P=0.111) showed no significant difference among the groups for each variable.Conclusions: We found no association between quantitative values in bone SPECT/CT and histological changes in ARONJ, probably because bone SPECT/CT has limited spatial resolution. Limitations of this study may include the imaging findings of a decrease in tracer accumulation because of an involucrum of necrosed bone, various histopathological findings in ARONJ, and failure to consider the effect of preoperative anti-inflammatory treatment.

著者

Yukihiro Sato Eiji Yoshioka Yasuaki Saijo Toshinobu Miyamoto Hiroshi Azuma Yusuke Tanahashi Yoshiya Ito Sumitaka Kobayashi Machiko Minatoya Yu Ait Bamai Keiko Yamazaki Sachiko Itoh Chihiro Miyashita Atsuko Ikeda-Araki Reiko Kishi The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.6, pp.270-276, 2022-06-05 (Released:2022-06-05)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 3

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Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a cause of inpatient and outpatient care among children. Although orofacial clefts seem to be associated with LRTIs, epidemiological studies are scarce on this topic. This study aimed to examine whether infants with orofacial clefts were associated with LRTIs.Methods: This prospective cohort study used data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, for which baseline recruitment was conducted during 2011–2014. This study included 81,535 participants. The number of infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft lip (CL), and cleft palate only (CP) was 67, 49, and 36, respectively. We defined history of LRTIs until 12 months’ age reported by their mothers as the dependent variable. Accumulated breastfeeding duration was used as a potential mediator.Results: The incidence proportion of LRTIs among the control group was 6.0%. The incidence proportion among infants with CLP, CL, and CP were 11.9%, 14.3%, and 5.6%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, compared with the control group, infants with CLP and CL were associated with risk of LRTIs (incidence risk ratio [IRR] of CLP, 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–4.36 and IRR of CL, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.40–5.33), but not ones with CP (IRR 1.08; 95% CI, 0.28–4.15). Accumulated breastfeeding duration decreased the IRR of CLP only (IRR of CLP, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.19–3.93).Conclusion: Infants with orofacial clefts aged 1 year have a potentially high incidence proportion of LRTIs. Accumulated breastfeeding duration might mediate the associations of CLP.

著者

Makiko Sekiyama Shin Yamazaki Takehiro Michikawa Shoji F. Nakayama Hiroshi Nitta Yu Taniguchi Eiko Suda Tomohiko Isobe Yayoi Kobayashi Miyuki Iwai-Shimada Masaji Ono Kenji Tamura Junzo Yonemoto Toshihiro Kawamoto Michihiro Kamijima the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.228-236, 2022-05-05 (Released:2022-05-05)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

8 26

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Background: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) is a nationwide birth cohort study investigating environmental effects on children’s health and development. A Sub-Cohort Study has begun, conducting extended exposure and outcome measurements by targeting a subgroup randomly selected from the JECS Main Study. We report the Sub-Cohort Study methodology and participants’ baseline profiles.Methods: Of 100,148 children in the JECS Main Study, children born after April 1, 2013 who met eligibility criteria ([1] all questionnaire and medical record data from children and their mothers collected from the first trimester to 6 months of age, [2] biospecimens [except umbilical cord blood] from children and their mothers collected at first to second/third trimester and delivery) were randomly selected for each Regional Centre at regular intervals. Face-to-face assessment of neuropsychiatric development, body measurement, paediatrician’s examination, blood/urine collection for clinical testing and chemical analysis, and home visits (ambient and indoor air measurement and dust collection) are conducted. Participants are followed up at 1.5 and 3 years old for home visits, and 2, 4, 6, and 8 years old for developmental/medical examination. The details of protocols after age 10 are under discussion.Results: Of 10,302 selected children, 5,017 participated. The profiles of the participating mothers, fathers and children did not substantially differ between the Main Study and Sub-Cohort Study.Conclusion: The JECS Sub-Cohort Study offers a platform for investigating associations between environmental exposure and outcomes.

著者

Tetsuro Kobayashi Hiroshi Nishiura

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.96-104, 2022-02-05 (Released:2022-02-05)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

1

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Background: A measles outbreak involving 60 cases occurred in Yamagata, Japan in 2017. Using two different mathematical models for different datasets, we aimed to estimate measles transmissibility over time and explore any heterogeneous transmission patterns.Methods: The first model relied on the temporal distribution for date of illness onset for cases, and a generation-dependent model was applied to the data. Another model focused on the transmission network. Using the illness-onset date along with the serial interval and geographical location of exposure, we reconstructed a transmission network with 19 unknown links. We then compared the number of secondary transmissions with and without clinical symptoms or laboratory findings.Results: Using a generation-dependent model (assuming three generations other than the index case), the reproduction number (R) over generations 0, 1, and 2 were 25.3, 1.3, and <0.1, respectively, explicitly yielding the transmissibility over each generation. The network data enabled us to demonstrate that both the mean and the variance for the number of secondary transmissions per primary case declined over time. Comparing primary cases with and without secondary transmission, high viral shedding was the only significant determinant (P < 0.01).Conclusions: The R declined abruptly over subsequent generations. Use of network data revealed the distribution of the number of secondary transmissions per primary case and also allowed us to identify possible secondary transmission risk factors. High viral shedding from the throat mucosa was identified as a potential predictor of secondary transmission.

著者

Hiroshi Inoue Yuichi Ohnishi Yuki Minamino Yoshihide Ugaki Suguru Dateoka Hirohito Kubo Masahiro Inoue Mitsuchika Sugitatsu Masahiro Nakajima Kenji Kakudo

出版者

Osaka Odontological Society

雑誌

Journal of Osaka Dental University (ISSN:04752058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.111-117, 2010 (Released:2016-12-29)

参考文献数

32

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Cancer testis antigens (CTA) are a group of normal testicular proteins. Although their expression appears in cancer cells, it does not appear in somatic cells with the exception of male germ cells. Consequently CTAs are immunogenic in cancer patients, and considered promising target molecules for cancer vaccines. In CTAs, brother of the regulator of imprinted sites (BORIS), which is also known as CCCTC-binding factor-like (CTCFL), is an epigenetic-acting oncogene that supresses the tumor inhibitor functions of CTCF. For this reason, BORIS is thought to be an ideal molecular target for drugs against various cancers. In order to detect CTAs in oral cancer, we used the methylation pattern to select six genes containing BORIS, ACTL7B, PPP3R2, SYCP1, DAZL, and TAF7L. We then analyzed the expression of these genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and various mice organs. Expression of only BORIS in these genes was detectable in SAS, HSC-3 and HSC-4. Boris expression in adult mice was restricted to the testes. These findings imply that BORIS might be the target of immunotherapy for oral cancer.

著者

Yasuharu Kashiwagura Shinya Uchida Shimako Tanaka Hiroshi Watanabe Masahiro Masuzawa Tadanori Sasaki Noriyuki Namiki

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.666-670, 2014-04-01 (Released:2014-04-01)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

5 11

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This study aimed to elucidate the clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine (LT4) suppository, thus, we examined the pharmacokinetics of thyroxine (T4) after the administration of the suppository in thyroidectomized rats and examined dose and the levels of free T4 (FT4) in patients with hypothyroidism receiving suppositories. Thyroidectomized rats were administered with LT4 solution and LT4 suppository (30 µg/kg), and plasma T4 concentrations were measured using LC/MS. The AUC0–168 of T4 after rectal administration of the LT4 suppository was 64% lower than these values after oral administration. To evaluate clinical effect of LT4 suppository, we enrolled 6 Japanese patients with hypothyroidism (2 men and 4 women; age, 68.2±13.5 years) who were administered LT4 suppository at Kameda Medical Center from 2007 to 2013 in this case series. The FT4 level during the administration of suppositories was significantly lower than that during the administration of tablets (0.657±0.183 ng/dL vs. 1.25±0.51 ng/dL, p=0.034). The FT4/dose ratio for the suppository was significantly 44% lower than that for the tablet (p=0.020). In conclusion, although the bioavailability of LT4 is lower after administration of the suppository than after the oral formulation, it was suggested that T4 levels can be maintained in patients with hypothyroidism by administering LT4 suppositories at a dose 1.8 times higher than that of the tablet. Thus, the administration of LT4 suppository can be an alternative for treatment with oral medication in clinical practice.

著者

Kenji Sakurai Hiroshi Iwanami

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.QH-009, (Released:2022-12-15)

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Based on hand pollination, 217 crabapple cultivars were examined to determine their self-fruitfulness potential. One hundred and six cultivars failed to self-pollinate for fruits set. More than 50% self-pollinated fruit were obtained from 29 cultivars. Especially, the fruit set of ‘Jiringo’, ‘Karafutozumi’, ‘Katherine Crab’, Malus hupehensis, M. scheideckeri, ‘Mary Porter Crab’, ‘Mokoto’, ‘Nepal Apple Collections No. 85-I-74-3 86090-3’, ‘Scheidecker Crab’, ‘Silver Moon Crab’, ‘Tachikaido’, and ‘Tea Crab 81105’ were more than 50% by self-pollination over two years. ‘Jiringo’, ‘Katherine Crab’, ‘Mary Porter Crab’, ‘Scheidecker Crab’, and ‘Tachikaido’ have the potential to be self-compatible cultivars because their self-pollinated fruits contain complete seeds. Non-pollinated fruits of M. scheideckeri, ‘Nepal Apple Collections No. 85-I-74-3 86090-3’, and ‘Tea Crab 81105’ may contain apomictic seeds. Moreover, self-pollinated fruits contained seeds and non-pollinated fruits contained no seeds, suggesting that ‘Karafutozumi’ and ‘Mokoto’ may be self-compatible and parthenocarpic. The study findings not only provide breeding material for self-compatible apple cultivars, but also have led to the discovery of new apomictic and parthenocarpic research materials.