著者

Hiroshi Maruta Mok-Ryeon Ahn

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.43-46, 2022-02-28 (Released:2022-03-09)

参考文献数

35

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PAK1-deficient mutant of C. elegans lives 60% longer than the wild-type. Interestingly, PAK1-deficient mutant of melanocytes produces less melanin (only a half compared with the wild-type) in the presence of either serum (PDGF) or α-MSH (alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone). These observations indicate that the major "pathogenic" kinase PAK1 is responsible for both shortening the healthy lifespan, and PDGF/α-MSH-dependent melanogenesis. For screening of PAK1-blocking probiotic bacteria or their products, their anti-melanogenic as well as longevity promoting properties were examined. Recently it was found that C. elegans fed with Lactobacillus rhamnosus in Xinjiang cheese lives 40% longer than the worm fed with the standard E. coli. Interestingly, a Chinese traditional medicine called "ChiBai" fermented with the Lactobacillus rhamnosus also inhibited the α-MSH-induced melanogenesis, and this bacteria itself produces butyric acid that blocks the oncogenic HDAC (histone deacetylase)-PAK1 signaling pathway. These findings strongly suggest, if not proven, that anti-melanogenic activity of Lactobacillus and many other probiotic bacteria might serve as a reliable indicator for their longevity promoting activity. In this context, a popular Japanese Lactobacillus-fermented milk drink called "Calpis", developed a century ago, and recently proven to inhibit the melanogenesis by suppressing the PAK1-dependent tyrosinase gene expression, may potentially prolong our healthy lifespan.

著者

Yoshiki Murakami Masaya Shinohara Yosuke Oka Ryo Wada Ryota Noike Hiroshi Ohara Tadashi Fujino Takanori Ikeda

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.4, pp.501-505, 2022-02-15 (Released:2022-02-15)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

11

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COVID-19 vaccine-related myocarditis has been reported worldwide. We herein report two Japanese cases with suspected vaccine-related myocarditis. A 27-year-old man was admitted with chest pain 4 days after the second vaccination. An electrocardiogram (ECG) did not reveal any significant abnormalities. The second patient, a 37-year-old man, was admitted with chest pain 9 days after the first vaccination. His ECG exhibited ST-elevation in multiple leads. In both cases, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with myocarditis. They recovered with symptomatic relief within a few days. These cases suggest that the benefit of COVID-19 vaccination exceeds the risk of vaccine-related myocarditis.

著者

Yutaka MAKIZAKI Ayako MAEDA Miyuki YAMAMOTO Saya TAMURA Yoshiki TANAKA Shunji NAKAJIMA Hiroshi OHNO

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.145-151, 2020 (Released:2020-07-28)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3 7

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Recent studies of metformin, the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, have reported the involvement of gut microbiota in the mechanism underlying its antihyperglycemic effect. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of diarrhea and bloating, which are adverse effects of metformin, are unclear, and these effects decrease the quality of life of metformin-receiving patients with diabetes. In this study, we focused on the effects of metformin on gut microbiota. Namely, we examined the effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1), which has the ability to improve dysbiosis, on the changes in gut microbiota and occurrence of soft feces (increased fecal water content) during the administration of metformin. The results showed that coadministration of BBG9-1 and metformin suppressed metformin-mediated changes in the gut microbiota and, thus, soft feces. Meanwhile, BBG9-1 did not influence the antihyperglycemic effect of metformin. Based on these results, we believe that BBG9-1, which could improve gut microbiota, suppresses metformin-induced soft feces without influencing the drug’s antihyperglycemic effect.

著者

Kunimitsu KAYA Atsushi NAKAZAWA Hiroshi MATSUURA Daisuke HONDA Isao INOUYE Makoto M. WATANABE

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.11, pp.2246-2248, 2011-11-23 (Released:2011-11-23)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

113

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Here we report on the 18W-13a strain of Aurantiochytrium sp., which accumulates very high amounts of squalene. The squalene contents and production at 4 d of culture were 198 mg/g and 1.29±0.13 g/L, respectively, exceptionally high values compared to previous reports.

著者

Chinami Matsumoto Hitomi Sekine Miwa Nahata Sachiko Mogami Katsuya Ohbuchi Naoki Fujitsuka Hiroshi Takeda

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.b22-00171, (Released:2022-04-08)

参考文献数

68

被引用文献数

7

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Muscle atrophy is commonly observed during cisplatin chemotherapy, leading to a reduced quality of life in cancer patients. Reduced skeletal muscle mass caused by cisplatin treatment results from the activation of ubiquitin ligases–Atrogin-1 and MuRF1, but the precise mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the possible involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ATP production, in cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy. Skeletal C2C12 myotubes were treated with cisplatin, and gene and protein expression were evaluated. Mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, and ROS levels were measured using fluorescent dyes. Mitochondrial respiratory function, ATP production rates, and glycolytic capacity were also analyzed using an extracellular flux analyzer. Metabolomic analyses were performed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cisplatin treatment reduced myosin heavy chain expression by activating the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Increased ROS production was observed after cisplatin treatment, followed by significant changes in apoptosis-related gene expression and decrease in mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, respiration, and ATP production. Glycolytic capacity and TCA cycle metabolite levels were reduced with cisplatin treatment. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone mesylate prevented up-regulation of Atrogin-1 gene expression and restored myosin heavy chain levels, accompanied by a decrease in ROS generation, but not mitochondrial ATP production. We concluded that cisplatin-induced myotube atrophy was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Reducing ROS generation, rather than promoting ATP production, could be a useful therapeutic strategy for preventing cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy.

著者

田邊 浩 松田 洋介 眞鍋 知子 竹内 慶至 Tanabe Hiroshi Matsuda Yousuke Manabe Tomoko Takeuchi Noriyuki

出版者

金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系

雑誌

金沢大学人間科学系研究紀要 = Bulletin of the Faculty of Human Sciences Kanazawa University (ISSN:18835368)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.18-52, 2019-03-31

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What is a system that allows young people with developmental disabilities to move smoothly from school to employment and how can it be constructed? In order to examine this issue, each country is selected from three regimes based on the welfare regime theory and international comparative research is conducted in the four countries including Japan. This article features Germany as a conservative welfare regime. We report on the results of field survey on institutions and organizations that support youth with developmental disability, mainly conducted in northern Germany, and consider the support of people with developmental disabilities in German welfare state system based on it.

著者

Yui Takaki Shirato Wataru Ohnishi Hiroshi Fujimoto Yoichi Hori Koichi Sakata Atsushi Hara

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications (ISSN:21871094)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21005641, (Released:2021-12-24)

被引用文献数

2

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Manufacturing equipment often require high-speed and high-precision positioning with long strokes. This study aims to utilize pneumatic cylinders for such equipment owing to their several advantages. One of the challenges in pressure and position control is valve nonlinearity, such as a varying dead zone. While the conventional feedforward dead zone compensation method cannot address variations in valve input-output characteristics, the twin-drive system, a feedback compensation method, can address the variations using a fast-response flowmeter. However, the disadvantage of the twin-drive system is that it is likely to cause saturation and windup. To solve this problem, we propose an anti-windup method for the twin-drive system. Experimental results indicate the proposed method avoids windup and enables accurate tracking control in the difference mode (i.e., mass-flow input to the tank). Moreover, the experimental results reveal that the proposed twin-drive system with the anti-windup structure improves the pressure tracking performance and enhances the pressure control system's linearity compared with those of the conventional feedforward compensation method.

著者

田中 大士 タナカ ヒロシ Hiroshi TANAKA

出版者

総合研究大学院大学

巻号頁・発行日

2015-03-24

著者

Kyoko Hiwasa-Tanase Tsubasa Yano Tatsuya Kon Teruhiko Terakawa Hiroshi Ezura

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.421-431, 2021-12-25 (Released:2021-12-25)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1 3

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The commercial use of genetically modified (GM) crops requires prior assessment of the risks to the environment when these crops are grown in the field or distributed. Assessments protocols vary across countries and GM crop events, but there is a common need to assess environmental biosafety. In this study, we conducted an environmental risk assessment in a confined field of GM tomato plants that can produce miraculin, a taste-altering protein that causes sour tastes to be perceived as sweet, for practical use in Japan. The evaluation was conducted for 1) competitiveness (the ability to compete with wild plants for nutrients, sunlight, and growing areas and prevent their growth) and 2) the production of toxic substances (the ability to produce substances that interfere with the habitat and growth of wild plants, animals, and microorganisms). Investigations of plant morphology and growth characteristics as well as tolerance to low temperature during early growth and overwintering for assessment endpoints related to competitiveness showed no biologically meaningful difference between GM tomato and non-GM tomato. In addition, harmful substances in plant residues and root secretions were assessed by the plow-in method, succeeding crop test and soil microflora tests, and it was determined that GM tomato does not exhibit an increase in harmful substances. Based on these results, it was concluded that GM miraculin-accumulating tomato is comparable to conventional tomato and is unlikely to have unintended adverse effects in the natural environment of Japan.

著者

山中 博心 Yamanaka Hiroshi

出版者

福岡大学研究推進部

雑誌

福岡大学研究部論集 A:人文科学編 = The Bulletin of Central Research Institute Fukuoka University Series A:Humanities (ISSN:13464698)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.4, pp.65-66, 2019-12

著者

河野 哲也 齋藤 元紀 戸谷 洋志 永井 玲衣 コウノ テツヤ サイトウ モトキ トヤ ヒロシ ナガイ レイ Tetsuya Kono Motoki Saito Hiroshi Toya Rei Nagai

雑誌

境界を越えて : 比較文明学の現在

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.9-44, 2022-02

著者

稲村 哲也 大貫 良夫 森下 矢須之 野内 セサル良郎 阪根 博 尾塩 尚 Tetsuya Inamura Yoshio Onuki Yasuyuki Morishita Cesar Yoshiro Nouchi Hiroshi Sakane Hisashi Oshio

出版者

放送大学

雑誌

放送大学研究年報 = Journal of The Open University of Japan (ISSN:09114505)

巻号頁・発行日

no.33, pp.79-95, 2015

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1898年に秋田で生まれた天野芳太郎は、30歳のときに中南米にわたって実業家として成功し、後にペルーのリマ市に考古学博物館を創設した人物である。 天野は少年時代から考古学に関心をもっていたが、その関心を決定づけたのは、1935年のマチュピチュ訪問であった。天野はマチュピチュで、そこに住んでいた野内与吉という日本人に出会い、彼の案内で一週間ほどマチュピチュを踏査した。 しかし、第二次世界大戦が始まると、天野は総てを失い、北米の収容所に入れられたあと、日本に送還された。戦後の1951年に再び南米に向かい、ペルーで事業を再開し成功するが、後半生は古代アンデス文明の研究と土器、織物などの考古遺物のコレクションに身を投じ、1964年リマに博物館を設立したのである。 それに先立つ1956年、当時東京大学助教授であった泉靖一がリマで天野芳太郎と出会った。泉はすぐにアンデス研究を始め、調査団を組織し発掘を始めた。最初のコトシュ遺跡の発掘で、アメリカ大陸最古の神殿を発掘した。東京大学はそれ以来アンデスの研究で大きな実績を重ねてきた。 岡山出身の実業家森下精一は、1969年リマで天野芳太郎の博物館を訪問し、古代アンデスの土器や織物のすばらしさに衝撃を受け、中南米の考古遺物を蒐集し、1975年自らも岡山県に博物館を開設した。 筆者らは、放送大学のTV特別講義「古代アンデス文明と日本人」を制作し、2015年秋田でそのテーマの展示会を企画し実現した。本稿では、それらの内容を中心に、日本人による古代アンデス文明研究、その背景としての先人たちの「運命的」な出会い、そして秋田で開催した展示会について論じる。

著者

加藤 浩 Kato Hiroshi カトウ ヒロシ

出版者

大阪大学大学院文学研究科

雑誌

待兼山論叢. 美学篇 (ISSN:03874818)

巻号頁・発行日

no.34, pp.1-22, 2000

著者

石破 洋 Hiroshi ISHIBA

雑誌

島根女子短期大学紀要 (ISSN:02889226)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.A1-A13, 1993-03-30

著者

林 海平 楊 舒淇 山田 宏 粟野 隆 Hai-ping Lin Suchi Yang Hiroshi Yamada Takashi Awano

出版者

東京農業大学

雑誌

東京農業大学農学集報 = Journal of agriculture science, Tokyo University of Agriculture (ISSN:03759202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.47-56, 2020-09

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本論文では,日本統治時代における台湾の日本人住宅・宿舎の庭園の保存・修復の今後に資することを目的に,残存事例が台湾でも数多い台北の日本人住宅・宿舎の庭園について調査した。その結果,以下のことを明らかにした。庭園規模は,建物面積の2~7倍が理想とされ,現地調査では多くの庭園が2倍程度であり,平均では2.2倍であったこと。庭園配置は,台北市内の風向きと住宅への通風が考慮された結果,南北方向,あるいは南西・北東方向に前庭・主庭を配置する傾向があったこと。庭園構成は,芝生が太陽の輻射熱を緩和し,植栽は建物の壁体への直射日光を緩和する役割を担い,ベランダ,テラス,パーゴラが防暑のための特徴的な施設であったこと。外囲いは住宅敷地内の通風を考慮して生垣が推奨されたこと。床下通風の観点から床は高床に設定され,沓脱には自然石ではなく人造石が多用されたこと。

著者

Shintaro Ichikawa Utaroh Motosugi Tetsuya Wakayama Hiroyuki Morisaka Satoshi Funayama Daiki Tamada Kang Wang Sagar Mandava Ty A Cashen Hiroshi Onishi

出版者

Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

雑誌

Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences (ISSN:13473182)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.mp.2021-0143, (Released:2022-03-17)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

7

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Purpose: To compare the quality of dynamic imaging between stack-of-stars acquisition without breath-holding (DISCO-Star) and the breath-holding method (Cartesian LAVA and DISCO).Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between October 2019 and February 2020. Two radiologists performed visual assessments of respiratory motion or pulsation artifacts, streak artifacts, liver edge sharpness, and overall image quality using a 5-point scale for two datasets: Dataset 1 (n = 107), patients with Cartesian LAVA and DISCO-Star; Dataset 2 (n = 41), patients with DISCO and DISCO-Star at different time points. Diagnosable image quality was defined as ≥ 3 points in overall image quality. Whether the scan timing of the arterial phase (AP) was appropriate was evaluated, and results between the pulse sequences were compared. In cases of inappropriate scan timing in the DISCO-Star group, retrospective reconstruction with a high frame rate (80 phases, 3 s/phase) was added.Results: The overall image quality of Cartesian LAVA was better than that of DISCO-Star in AP. However, noninferiority was shown in the ratio of diagnosable images between Cartesian LAVA and DISCO-Star in AP. There was no significant difference in the ratio of appropriate scan timing between DISCO-Star and Cartesian LAVA; however, the ratio of appropriate scan timing in DISCO-Star with high frame rate reconstruction was significantly higher than that in Cartesian LAVA in both readers. Overall image quality scores between DISCO and DISCO-Star were not significantly different in AP. There was no significant difference in the ratio of appropriate scan timing between DISCO-Star with high frame rate reconstruction and DISCO in both readers.Conclusion: The use of DISCO-Star with high frame rate reconstruction is a good solution to obtain appropriate AP scan timing compared with Cartesian LAVA. DISCO-Star showed equivalent image quality in all phases and in the ratio of appropriate AP scan timing compared with DISCO.

著者

Hiroshi Kadowaki Hiroshi Akazawa

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.9033-21, (Released:2022-03-12)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

著者

Hiroshi SHIMODA Seiji TAMARU Masahiro MORIMOTO Toshiharu HAYASHI Masayuki SHIMOJIMA Ken MAEDA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.9, pp.1241-1242, 2011 (Released:2011-09-30)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

11 15

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A previous serosurvey of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among dogs suggested that dogs are well suited for use as sentinels for assessing the risk of JEV transmission to humans. To examine the clinical symptoms and duration of anti-JEV antibodies in dogs, three dogs were experimentally challenged with JEV. All JEV-infected dogs did not show any clinical signs or abnormal blood tests, except for C-reactive protein. Virus-neutralization titers rapidly increased and were maintained until 70 days postinfection, and neither the virus nor the viral genome was detected in blood. Thus, since dogs live in close proximity to humans as companion animals, they are well suited for use as sentinels for surveying the human risk of JEV infection.

著者

Ryosuke Murai Yuichi Kawase Tomohiko Taniguchi Takeshi Morimoto Kazushige Kadota Masanobu Ohya Takenobu Shimada Takeshi Maruo Yasushi Fuku Tatsuhiko Komiya Kenji Ando Michiya Hanyu Norio Kanamori Takeshi Aoyama Koichiro Murata Tomoya Onodera Fumio Yamazaki Takeshi Kitai Yutaka Furukawa Tadaaki Koyama Makoto Miyake Chisato Izumi Yoshihisa Nakagawa Kazuo Yamanaka Hirokazu Mitsuoka Manabu Shirotani Masashi Kato Shinji Miki Hiroyuki Nakajima Yutaka Hirano Shunichi Miyazaki Toshihiko Saga Sachiko Sugioka Shintaro Matsuda Mitsuo Matsuda Tatsuya Ogawa Kazuya Nagao Tsukasa Inada Shogo Nakayama Hiroshi Mabuchi Yasuyo Takeuchi Hiroki Sakamoto Genichi Sakaguchi Keiichiro Yamane Hiroshi Eizawa Mamoru Toyofuku Takashi Tamura Atsushi Iwakura Mitsuru Ishii Masaharu Akao Kotaro Shiraga Eri Minamino-Muta Takao Kato Moriaki Inoko Koji Ueyama Tomoyuki Ikeda Yoshihiro Himura Akihiro Komasa Katsuhisa Ishii Kozo Hotta Yukihito Sato Keiichi Fujiwara Yoshihiro Kato Ichiro Kouchi Yasutaka Inuzuka Shigeru Ikeguchi Senri Miwa Chiyo Maeda Eiji Shinoda Junichiro Nishizawa Toshikazu Jinnai Nobuya Higashitani Mitsuru Kitano Yuko Morikami Shouji Kitaguchi Kenji Minatoya Takeshi Kimura on behalf of the CURRENT AS Registry Investigators

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.427-437, 2022-02-25 (Released:2022-02-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3

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Background:The clinical significance of concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) has not been well addressed in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS).Methods and Results:We analyzed 3,815 patients from a retrospective multicenter registry of severe AS in Japan (CURRENT AS registry). We compared the clinical outcomes between patients with moderate/severe MR and with none/mild MR according to the initial treatment strategy (initial aortic valve replacement [AVR] or conservative strategy). The primary outcome measure was a composite of aortic valve-related death or heart failure hospitalization. At baseline, moderate/severe MR was present in 227/1,197 (19%) patients with initial AVR strategy and in 536/2,618 (20%) patients with a conservative strategy. The crude cumulative 5-year incidence of the primary outcome measure was significantly higher in patients with moderate/severe MR than in those with none/mild MR, regardless of the initial treatment strategy (25.2% vs. 14.4%, P<0.001 in the initial AVR strategy, and 63.3% vs. 40.7%, P<0.001 in the conservative strategy). After adjusting confounders, moderate/severe MR was not independently associated with higher risk for the primary outcome measure in the initial AVR strategy (hazard ratio [HR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–1.83, P=0.69), and in the conservative strategy (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.93–1.37, P=0.22).Conclusions:Concomitant moderate/severe MR was not independently associated with higher risk for the primary outcome measure regardless of the initial treatment strategy.

著者

Yasutaka Sato Satoshi Sakaguchi Kenshi Takechi Masayuki Chuma Kenta Yagi Chikako Kane Mitsuhiro Goda Hirofumi Hamano Yuki Aoe Hiroshi Nokihara Yoshiaki Kubo Ichiro Hashimoto Hiroaki Yanagawa

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.374-377, 2022-03-01 (Released:2022-03-01)

参考文献数

15

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In April 2018, the Clinical Trials Act pertaining to investigator-initiated clinical trials was passed in Japan. The purpose of this study was to investigate activity in investigator-initiated clinical studies before and after enforcement of the new Clinical Trials Act. This was done by analysing the records of the Ethics Committee of Tokushima University Hospital, which reviews studies based on the Japanese government’s Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects prior to the Clinical Trials Act, and records of the Certified Review Board established at Tokushima University under the Clinical Trials Act in 2018. The number of new applications to these two review boards during fiscal years 2015–2017 (pre-Act) and fiscal years 2018 and 2019 (post-Act) were used as an indicator of activity in investigator-initiated clinical studies. The number of new applications to the Ethics Committee was 303, 261, 316, 303, and 249 in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The data show that the total number of new interventional studies decreased from 50.3 in average in 2015–2017 (pre-Act) to 42 in 2018 and 40 in 2019 (post-Act), respectively. These results suggest that fewer interventional studies were started following enforcement of the new Clinical Trials Act. To confirm this trend and identify contributing factors, further studies are required. In addition, possible way, such as broader contribution of clinical research coordinators, to promote clinical studies in the new Clinical Trials Act era should be examined.