著者

Daisuke Furushima Hiroshi Yamada Michiko Kido Yuko Ohno

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.3, pp.409-418, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-03-01)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

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Improvement in patient waiting time in dispensing pharmacies is an important element for patient and pharmacists. The One-Dose Package (ODP) of medicines was implemented in Japan to support medicine adherence among elderly patients; however, it also contributed to increase in patient waiting times. Given the projected increase in ODP patients in the near future owing to rapid population aging, development of improved strategies is a key imperative. We conducted a cross-sectional survey at a single dispensing pharmacy to clarify the impact of ODP on patient waiting time. Further, we propose an improvement strategy developed with use of a discrete event simulation (DES) model. A total of 673 patients received pharmacy services during the study period. A two-fold difference in mean waiting time was observed between ODP and non-ODP patients (22.6 and 11.2 min, respectively). The DES model was constructed with input parameters estimated from observed data. Introduction of fully automated ODP (A-ODP) system was projected to reduce the waiting time for ODP patient by 0.5 times (from 23.1 to 11.5 min). Furthermore, assuming that 40% of non-ODP patients would transfer to ODP, the waiting time was predicted to increase to 56.8 min; however, introduction of the A-ODP system decreased the waiting time to 20.4 min. Our findings indicate that ODP is one of the elements that increases the waiting time and that it might become longer in the future. Introduction of the A-ODP system may be an effective strategy to improve waiting time.

著者

IKEUCHI Ui HARADA Takashi SATO Sho OKABE Yukinori ITSUMURA Hiroshi

巻号頁・発行日

2017-09-19

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European Conference on Information Literacy (ECIL) 2017 Date: 18-21 September 2017 Place: Saint-Malo, France

著者

Hiroyuki Tsutsui Hiroshi Ito Masafumi Kitakaze Issei Komuro Toyoaki Murohara Tohru Izumi Kenji Sunagawa Yoshio Yasumura Masafumi Yano Kazuhiro Yamamoto Tsutomu Yoshikawa Takayoshi Tsutamoto Junwei Zhang Akifumi Okayama Yoshihiko Ichikawa Kazuhiro Kanmuri Masunori Matsuzaki for the J-EMPHASIS-HF Study Group

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-17-0323, (Released:2017-08-19)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

23

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Background:The mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone improved clinical outcomes among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection faction (HFrEF) in the EMPHASIS-HF (Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure) study. However, similar efficacy and safety have not been established in Japanese patients. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of eplerenone in patients with HFrEF in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled outcome study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01115855). The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy predefined as consistency of the primary endpoint with that of EMPHASIS-HF at a point estimate of <1 for the hazard ratio.Methods and Results:HFrEF patients with NYHA functional class II–IV and an EF ≤35% received eplerenone (n=111) or placebo (n=110) on top of standard therapy for at least 12 months. The primary endpoint was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for HF. The primary endpoint occurred in 29.7% of patients in the eplerenone group vs. 32.7% in the placebo group [hazard ratio=0.85 (95% CI: 0.53–1.36)]. Hospitalization for any cause and changes in plasma BNP and LVEF were favorable with eplerenone. A total of 17 patients (15.3%) in the eplerenone group and 10 patients (9.1%) in the placebo group died. Adverse events, including hyperkalemia, were similar between the groups.Conclusions:Eplerenone was well-tolerated in Japanese patients with HFrEF and showed results consistent with those reported in the EMPHASIS-HF study.

著者

Kosuke SODA Yukiko TOMIOKA Tatsufumi USUI Hiroichi OZAKI Hiroshi ITO Yasuko NAGAI Naoki YAMAMOTO Masatoshi OKAMATSU Norikazu ISODA Masahiro KAJIHARA Yoshihiro SAKODA Ayato TAKADA Toshihiro ITO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.23-0122, (Released:2023-07-26)

被引用文献数

3

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In the winter of 2010–2011, Japan experienced a large outbreak of infections caused by clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in wild birds. Interestingly, many tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula), which are migratory diving ducks, succumbed to the infection, whereas only one infection case was reported in migratory dabbling duck species, the major natural hosts of the influenza A virus, during the outbreak. To assess whether the susceptibility of each duck species to HPAIVs was correlated with the number of cases, tufted duck and dabbling duck species (Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope; mallard, Anas platyrhynchos; Northern pintail, Anas acuta) were intranasally inoculated with A/Mandarin duck/Miyazaki/22M807-1/2011 (H5N1), an index clade 2.3.2.1 virus previously used for experimental infection studies in various bird species. All ducks observed for 10 days post-inoculation (dpi) mostly shed the virus via the oral route and survived. The tufted ducks shed a higher titer of the virus than the other dabbling duck species, and one of them showed apparent neurological symptoms after 7 dpi, which were accompanied by eye lesions. No clinical symptoms were observed in the dabbling ducks, although systemic infection and viremia were observed in some of them sacrificed at 3 dpi. These results suggest that the susceptibility of clade 2.3.2.1 HPAIVs might differ by duck species.

著者

Hiroyuki Tsutsui Shin-ichi Momomura Yoshihiko Saito Hiroshi Ito Kazuhiro Yamamoto Yasushi Sakata Tomomi Ohishi Pankaj Kumar Toshihito Kitamura

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-23-0174, (Released:2023-08-26)

参考文献数

38

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Background: The PARALLEL-HF study assessed the efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan vs. enalapril in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This open-label extension (OLE) assessed long-term safety with sacubitril/valsartan.Methods and Results: This study enrolled 150 patients who received sacubitril/valsartan 50 or 100 mg, b.i.d., in addition to optimal background heart failure (HF) therapy. A dose level of sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg, b.i.d., was targeted by Week 8. At OLE baseline, higher concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and urine cGMP, and lower concentrations of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), were observed in the sacubitril/valsartan core group (patients who received sacubitril/valsartan in both the core and extension study) than in the enalapril core group (patients who received enalapril in the core study and were then transitioned to sacubitril/valsartan). The mean exposure to study drug was 98.9%. There was no trend of worsening of HF at Month 12. No obvious changes in cardiac biomarkers were observed, whereas BNP and urine cGMP increased and NT-proBNP decreased in the enalapril core group, which was evident at Weeks 2–4 and sustained to Month 12.Conclusions: Long-term sacubitril/valsartan at doses up to 200 mg, b.i.d., has a positive risk-benefit profile; it was safe and well tolerated in Japanese patients with chronic HFrEF.

著者

Michikazu Nakai Yoshitaka Iwanaga Yoko Sumita Tetsuya Amano Ikuo Fukuda Tomoyasu Hirano Mami Iida Kota Katanoda Yoshihiro Miyamoto Masakazu Nakamura Keijiro Saku Takahiro Tabuchi Hiroshi Yamato Bo Zhang Hisayoshi Fujiwara

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-23-0191, (Released:2023-08-22)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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Background: Hyogo Prefecture has managed smoking ban legislation with partial restrictions in public places (Hyogo-L) since 2013. Previous studies have reported a significant decrease in admissions for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Kobe-city, but not in other districts of Hyogo Prefecture in the 2 years after Hyogo-L. The aim of the present study was to define the long-term effect of Hyogo-L.Methods and Results: The JROAD-DPC dataset was used to collect information on the number of hospitalizations for ACS in Hyogo Prefecture, and in Osaka-city without smoking ban legislation, from April 2013 to March 2020. Poisson regression analysis was performed to calculate incident rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). ACS records of 3,101 in Kobe-city, 11,375 in areas of Hyogo Prefecture other than Kobe-city and 11,079 in Osaka-city were collected for admissions. The incidence of ACS reduced significantly over time in Kobe-city [IRR (95% CI); 0.96 (0.94–0.97)], but did not reduce in the others. The decrease in Kobe-city was observed in ACS patients without smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, but not in those with such risk factors.Conclusions: The long-term ACS reduction or non-reduction under Hyogo-L was determined at the initial period and the same scenario continued, supporting the importance of legislation and compliance with the smoking ban. The lowering effect was remarkable in ACS patients without risk factors such as non-smoking.

著者

Mariko Kumamoto Michiko Otsuka Takeshi Sakai Takashi Hamagami Hiroshi Kawamura Tadayoshi Aoshima Fumiaki Fujibe

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.56-59, 2013 (Released:2013-05-04)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

6 9

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A field experiment to clarify the characteristics of temperature distribution near an asphalt car road was carried out at the Meteorological Instruments Center in Tsukuba, Japan. Fifteen thermometers equipped with artificially ventilated radiation shields were installed on a wide grass field within a distance of 10 m from edges of the road. At a height of 0.5 m above the ground, the temperature on the leeward side of the road was found to show substantial bias from that on the windward side of the road. The biases were positive values of 0.2-0.4°C on the average and larger when the thermometers was nearer to the road or in cases of lower wind speed. The temporal variation of the biases showed a diurnal change and had a maximum peak in the evening and negative values during some hours of the day. Smaller positive biases around 0.1°C were also found at a height of 1.5 m during some time of the day whereas small negative biases were seen at a height of 2.5 m in summer. These results indicate complicated distribution of roadside temperature, although they can partly be interpreted by advection of air heated over the road.

著者

Jun Watanabe Yoko Iwamatsu-kobayashi Kenji Kikuchi Tomonari Kajita Hiromitsu Morishima Kensuke Yamauchi Wataru Yashiro Hidekazu Nishimura Hiroyasu Kanetaka Hiroshi Egusa

出版者

Japan Prosthodontic Society

雑誌

Journal of Prosthodontic Research (ISSN:18831958)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JPR_D_23_00013, (Released:2023-02-22)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

3

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Purpose: The hazards of aerosols generated during dental treatments are poorly understood. This study aimed to establish visualization methods, discover conditions for droplets/aerosols generated in simulating dental treatments and identify the conditions for effective suction methods.Methods: The spreading area was evaluated via image analysis of the droplets/aerosols generated by a dental air turbine on a mannequin using a light emitting diode (LED) light source and high-speed camera. The effects of different bur types and treatment sites, reduction effect of intra-oral suction (IOS) and extra-oral suction (EOS) devices, and effect of EOS installation conditions were evaluated.Results: Regarding the bur types, a bud-shaped bur on the air turbine generated the most droplets/aerosols compared with round-shaped, round end-tapered, or needle-tapered burs. Regarding the treatment site, the area of droplets/aerosols produced by an air turbine from the palatal plane of the anterior maxillary teeth was significantly higher. The generated droplet/aerosol area was reduced by 92.1% by using IOS alone and 97.8% by combining IOS and EOS. EOS most effectively aspirated droplets/aerosols when placed close (10 cm) to the mouth in the vertical direction (0°).Conclusions: The droplets/aerosols generated by an air turbine could be visualized using an LED light and a high-speed camera in simulating dental treatments. The bur shape and position of the dental air turbine considerably influenced droplet/aerosol diffusion. The combined use of IOS and EOS at a proper position (close and perpendicular to the mouth) facilitated effective diffusion prevention to protect the dental-care environment.

著者

Kazutaka Takahashi Hiroshi Itoh Junya Hirai Kazuaki Tadokoro Koh Nishiuchi

出版者

The Plankton Society of Japan, The Japanese Association of Benthology

雑誌

Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.358-368, 2022-11-30 (Released:2022-11-30)

参考文献数

31

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A new species of sapphirinid copepod, Sapphirina doliolettae n. sp. was described from the Kuroshio Extension region in the western North Pacific Ocean. The new species is similar to S. nigromaculata and S. scarlata with respect to the following characteristics: 5-segmented antennule, one inner marginal process on caudal rami, and slender endopods with two apical spines on leg 4. However, it can be distinguished from these congeners by a combination of the following characteristics: the relative length of each segment of the antennule and antenna in both sexes, the width of the fourth pedigerous somite in females, the shape of the anterolateral corner of the genital somite in males and terminal process length of 3rd endopodal segment of leg 2 in males. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences of S. doliolettae showed high interspecific variabilities from other Sapphirina species, including S. nigromaculata (20.2%) and S. scarlata (21.6–21.8%).

著者

松井 広志 Hiroshi Matsui

出版者

関西学院大学先端社会研究所 ; 2012-

雑誌

KG社会学批評 = KG sociological review (ISSN:21870683)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1, pp.109-119, 2012-03

著者

Satoshi Kodera Hiroyuki Morita Hiroshi Nishi Norifumi Takeda Jiro Ando Issei Komuro

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.12, pp.2021-2028, 2022-11-25 (Released:2022-11-25)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

3

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Background: The cost-effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been evaluated in Japan, so we analyzed the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, for CKD stages 3a and 3b.Methods and Results: We used the Markov model for CKD to assess the costs and benefits associated with and without dapagliflozin from a health system perspective. We estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), expressed as per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). An ICER <5 million Japanese yen (JPY)/QALY was judged to be cost-effective. The effect of dapagliflozin on renal and cardiovascular events was based on published clinical trials. In patients with CKD stage 3a, the ICER of dapagliflozin over standard treatment was 4.03 million JPY/QALY gained. With a cost-effectiveness threshold of 5 million JPY/QALY gained, the cost-effectiveness probability of dapagliflozin over standard treatment was 52.6%. In patients with CKD stage 3b, the ICER of dapagliflozin over standard treatment was 0.12 million JPY/QALY gained. The cost-effectiveness probability of dapagliflozin over standard treatment was 75.2%.Conclusions: The results seemed to show acceptable cost-effectiveness when dapagliflozin was used for CKD stage 3b. On the other hand, cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin for CKD stage 3a was ambiguous, and further validation is needed.

著者

Kenji Suetsugu Jing-Zhi Lin Tian-Chuan Hsu Hiroshi Hayakawa

出版者

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

雑誌

Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.177-184, 2020-06-30 (Released:2020-07-31)

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Two closely related species, Spiranthes sinensis and S. australis (Orchidaceae), have often been distinguished based on the presence or absence of hairs in their inflorescence and on the stems and ovaries: the stems and ovaries of S. australis are generally pubescent, whereas those of S. sinensis are reported to be glabrous. Although S. australis has not been documented to occur in Taiwan, we found a population of Spiranthes with slightly pubescent stems and ovaries at Tahanshan, southern Taiwan. Because the slightly pubescent plants may represent an undocumented extension of the distribution of S. australis, we attempted to identity the slightly pubescent plants by sequencing the ITS and trnL–F intergenic spacer regions. We also compared the lip and column morphology, which have diagnostic characteristics in Spiranthes, and the molecular and morphological data from S. australis, S. sinensis, their close relative, S. hongkongensis, and the unknown plants. The molecular analysis revealed the slightly pubescent plants to be heterozygous for the ITS sequences from S. australis and S. sinensis or from S. hongkongensis and S. sinensis, whereas the trnL–F intergenic spacer region was identical to that of S. sinensis. While we could not completely exclude the possibility that the unknown plants were hybrids between S. hongkongensis and S. sinensis based on the molecular data, we concluded that they were hybrids between the pubescent S. australis and the glabrous S. sinensis (Taiwan type) based on the lip and column morphology.

著者

Seiichi Shinji Takeshi Yamada Akihisa Matsuda Hiromichi Sonoda Ryo Ohta Takuma Iwai Koki Takeda Kazuhide Yonaga Yuka Masuda Hiroshi Yoshida

出版者

The Medical Association of Nippon Medical School

雑誌

Journal of Nippon Medical School (ISSN:13454676)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.3, pp.246-254, 2022-06-25 (Released:2022-06-28)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

56

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and surgical treatment remains the first-line treatment to provide a cure. In addition to the aging population, obesity, low physical activity, and smoking habits increase CRC risk. Despite advances in surgical techniques, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. For early-stage CRC, endoscopic treatment, including endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection, has been performed. However, lymph node dissection is an integral part of surgical treatment for advanced-stage cancer because of the high incidence of lymph node metastasis. Conventional open surgery has evolved into laparoscopic and robotic surgery. Although prospective studies have confirmed the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for CRC, relevant treatment models of transverse colon cancer and rectal cancer still need to be further explored and validated. Furthermore, multidisciplinary treatment is needed to cure CRC completely. This review aimed to provide an update on recent advances in the surgical treatment of CRC.

著者

Yukie Moroda Kazuhisa Tsuboki Shinsuke Satoh Katsuhiro Nakagawa Tomoo Ushio Hiroshi Kikuchi

出版者

公益社団法人 日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.110-115, 2022 (Released:2022-06-08)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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A rapid rise of the lightning activity center in the upper part of a cloud is called a lightning bubble (LB). It remains unclear how LBs occur in thunderstorm clouds. Recently, high-spatiotemporal resolution data obtained by a phased array weather radar enabled observation of temporal changes in the three-dimensional structure of precipitation cores in a precipitation cell. To understand the mechanism by which LBs occur, we examined the relationship between the time-evolution of precipitation cores and the flash initiation points. After a precipitation core developed in an isolated thundercloud, the top height of the core reached its highest altitude and then started to descend. Meanwhile, the echo tops above the core continued to rise, which is termed an upward reflectivity pulse (URP). Over an hour, nine URPs were successively observed in the thundercloud. The average tracking period of the URPs was 3.9 minutes. Flash initiation points appeared near the highest points of the URPs and continued to rise with time. These observational results suggest that URPs cause LBs by enhancing the electric field, via the separation of graupel and ice crystals near the highest points of ascending URPs.

著者

Akihiro Sonoda Yoshitaka Iwashita Yukina Takada Ryu Hamazono Kazuhisa Ishida Hiroshi Imamura

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.6, pp.763-769, 2022-06-01 (Released:2022-06-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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An administration plan for vancomycin (VCM) in bedridden elderly patients has not been established. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of VCM by the Bayesian approach using creatinine-based equations of estimated kidney function in such patients. Kidney function was estimated using the Japanese equation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the Cockcroft–Gault equation of estimated creatinine clearance (eCCr). eCCr (serum creatinine (SCr) + 0.2) was calculated by substituting the SCr level +0.2 mg/dL into the Cockcroft–Gault equation. For eGFR/0.789, eGFR, eCCr, and eCCr (SCr + 0.2), the AUC values were calculated by the Bayesian approach using the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) software, BMs-Pod (ver 8.06) and denoted as AUCeGFR/0.789, AUCeGFR, AUCeCCr, and AUCeCCr (SCr + 0.2) respectively. The reference AUC (AUCREF) was calculated by applying VCM’s peak and trough steady-state concentrations to first-order pharmacokinetic equations. The medians (range) of AUCeGFR/0.789/AUCREF, AUCeGFR/AUCREF, AUCeCCr/AUCREF, and AUCeCCr (SCr + 0.2)/AUCREF were 0.88 (0.74–0.93), 0.90 (0.79–1.04), 0.92 (0.81–1.07), and 1.00 (0.88–1.11), respectively. Moreover, the percentage of patients within 10% of the AUCREF, defined as |Bayesian-estimated AUC − AUCREF| < AUCREF × 0.1, was the highest (86%) in AUCeCCr (SCr + 0.2). These results suggest that the Bayesian approach using eCCr (SCr + 0.2) has the highest prediction accuracy for the AUCREF in bedridden elderly patients. Although further studies are required with more accurate determination methods of the CCr and AUC, our findings highlight the potential of eCCr (SCr + 0.2) for estimating VCM’s AUC by the Bayesian approach in such patients.

著者

Ken Kozuma Taishiro Chikamori Jun Hashimoto Junko Honye Takanori Ikeda Sugao Ishiwata Mamoru Kato Hiroshi Kondo Kosuke Matsubara Kazuma Matsumoto Naoya Matsumoto Sadako Motoyama Kotaro Obunai Hajime Sakamoto Kyoko Soejima Shigeru Suzuki Koichiro Abe Hideo Amano Hirofumi Hioki Takashi Iimori Hideki Kawai Hisanori Kosuge Tatsuya Nakama Yasuyuki Suzuki Kazuya Takeda Akiko Ueda Takashi Yamashita Kenzo Hirao Takeshi Kimura Ryozo Nagai Masato Nakamura Wataru Shimizu Nagara Tamaki on behalf of the Japanese Circulation Society Joint Working Group

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-21-0379, (Released:2022-04-22)

参考文献数

230

被引用文献数

8

著者

NAKANISHI Mikio NIINO Hiroshi ANZAI Taro

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-013, (Released:2021-11-05)

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It is desirable that a surface layer scheme in an atmospheric numerical model is consistent with an atmospheric boundary layer scheme incorporated in the same model. In this study, stability functions based on Monin–Obukhov similarity theory for momentum and heat, ϕm and ϕh, in the stable surface layer are derived from the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino (MYNN) scheme modified so that turbulent diffusivity coefficients have no critical gradient Richardson number. The resulting stability functions are approximated by ϕm = 1 + 4.8z/L and ϕh = 0.74 + 6.0z/L, which can be analytically integrated with respect to height z to obtain momentum and heat fluxes, where L is the Obukhov length. The fluxes thus obtained are compared with those obtained from stability functions in four previous studies: they turn out to be nearly the same as those from two of them, and show better agreement with observational data of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA) over sea ice than those from the other two studies. Detailed comparisons of the results of the MYNN scheme with the SHEBA data suggest that significant variations of the fluxes observed for a period of “winter” when the ice was covered with dry snow may have been caused by those of the surface roughness around the observational site. The stability functions obtained from the MYNN scheme predict that the bulk and flux Richardson numbers approach critical values of 0.26 and 0.21, respectively, in the limit of z/L → ∞. These critical values result from Kolmogorov hypothesis applied to the turbulent dissipation in the MYNN scheme and are considered to correspond to a transition from Kolmogorov to non-Kolmogorov turbulence.

著者

Shigeyoshi Soga Taro Koyama Ayako Mikoshi Tatsuhiko Arafune Makoto Kawashima Kazuhiro Kobayashi Hiroshi Shinmoto

出版者

Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

雑誌

Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences (ISSN:13473182)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.160-165, 2021 (Released:2021-06-01)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2

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Purpose: Although androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common cause of hair loss, little is known regarding the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the AGA or scalp. This study aimed to analyze whether MRI for hair and scalp (MRH) can evaluate anatomical changes in the scalp caused by AGA.Methods: Twenty-seven volunteers were graded for the severity of AGA using the Hamilton–Norwood Scale (HNS), commonly used classification system. All subjects underwent MRH; two radiologists independently analyzed the images. As a quantitative measurement, the number of hair follicles was analyzed and compared with the HNS. As a qualitative analysis, each MRH scan was visually graded in terms of the severity of alopecia, using a 4-point MR severity score. The scores were compared with the HNS.Results: The volunteers were divided into two groups of 12 and 15 males without and with AGA at their vertex, respectively. Inter-observer agreements for the hair count and the MR severity score were excellent. The mean hair count on MRI in the normal group was significantly higher than that in the AGA group (P < 10−4). The MR severity score in the AGA group was significantly more severe than that in the control group (P < 10−4). In terms of the presence or absence of thinning hair, the MR severity score was consistent with the HNS determined by a plastic surgeon in 96% of cases. MR severity scores of clinically moderate AGA cases were significantly lower than those of severe cases (P = 0.022).Conclusion: MRH could depict scalp anatomy showing a clear difference between AGA and normal scalps, in both hair count and subjective visual assessment. The MR severity score was in good agreement with the clinical stages by HNS. The results support the potential of MRH as a promising imaging technique for analyzing healthy and pathological scalps.

著者

Hiroyuki Tsutsui Shin-ichi Momomura Yoshihiko Saito Hiroshi Ito Kazuhiro Yamamoto Yasushi Sakata Akshay Suvas Desai Tomomi Ohishi Takayuki Iimori Toshihito Kitamura Weinong Guo on behalf of the PARALLEL-HF Investigators

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-20-0854, (Released:2021-03-16)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

37

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Background:In the Prospective Comparison of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) With ACEi to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure (PARADIGM-HF) study, treatment with sacubitril/valsartan reduced the primary outcome of cardiovascular (CV) death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization compared with enalapril in patients with chronic HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). A prospective randomized trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan in Japanese HFrEF patients.Methods and Results:In the Prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEi to determine the noveL beneficiaL trEatment vaLue in Japanese Heart Failure patients (PARALLEL-HF) study, 225 Japanese HFrEF patients (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class II–IV, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≤35%) were randomized (1 : 1) to receive sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg bid or enalapril 10 mg bid. Over a median follow up of 33.9 months, no significant between-group difference was observed for the primary composite outcome of CV death and HF hospitalization (HR 1.09; 95% CI 0.65–1.82; P=0.6260). Early and sustained reductions in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) from baseline were observed with sacubitril/valsartan compared with enalapril (between-group difference: Week 2: 25.7%, P<0.01; Month 6: 18.9%, P=0.01, favoring sacubitril/valsartan). There was no significant difference in the changes in NYHA class and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) clinical summary score at Week 8 and Month 6. Sacubitril/valsartan was well tolerated with fewer study drug discontinuations due to adverse events, although the sacubitril/valsartan group had a higher proportion of patients with hypotension.Conclusions:In Japanese patients with HFrEF, there was no difference in reduction in the risk of CV death or HF hospitalization between sacubitril/valsartan and enalapril, and sacubitril/valsartan was safe and well tolerated.

著者

Hiroshi Hisano Fumitaka Abe Robert E. Hoffie Jochen Kumlehn

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21019, (Released:2021-08-27)

被引用文献数

14

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The recent advent of customizable endonucleases has led to remarkable advances in genetic engineering, as these molecular scissors allow for the targeted introduction of mutations or even precisely predefined genetic modifications into virtually any genomic target site of choice. Thanks to its unprecedented precision, efficiency, and functional versatility, this technology, commonly referred to as genome editing, has become an effective force not only in basic research devoted to the elucidation of gene function, but also for knowledge-based improvement of crop traits. Among the different platforms currently available for site-directed genome modifications, RNA-guided clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) endonucleases have proven to be the most powerful. This review provides an application-oriented overview of the development of customizable endonucleases, current approaches to cereal crop breeding, and future opportunities in this field.