著者

田邊 浩 松田 洋介 眞鍋 知子 竹内 慶至 Tanabe Hiroshi Matsuda Yousuke Manabe Tomoko Takeuchi Noriyuki

出版者

金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系

雑誌

金沢大学人間科学系研究紀要 = Bulletin of the Faculty of Human Sciences Kanazawa University (ISSN:18835368)

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.18-52, 2019-03-31

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What is a system that allows young people with developmental disabilities to move smoothly from school to employment and how can it be constructed? In order to examine this issue, each country is selected from three regimes based on the welfare regime theory and international comparative research is conducted in the four countries including Japan. This article features Germany as a conservative welfare regime. We report on the results of field survey on institutions and organizations that support youth with developmental disability, mainly conducted in northern Germany, and consider the support of people with developmental disabilities in German welfare state system based on it.

著者

Ryo KOZU Kazuya SHINGAI Masatoshi HANADA Masato OIKAWA Hiroki NAGURA Hiroshi ITO Chika KITAGAWA Takako TANAKA

出版者

Japanese Society of Physical Therapy

雑誌

Physical Therapy Research (ISSN:21898448)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.R0012, (Released:2021-04-01)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

5

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Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a diverse group of chronic lung conditions characterized by dyspnea, exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH), and exercise intolerance. Since activity limitations and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in ILD are similar to those in other chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary rehabilitation is also indicated for patients with ILD. This rehabilitation program mainly comprises exercise training and self-management education. Exercise training is the most important component of pulmonary rehabilitation. It significantly improves dyspnea and enhances exercise capacity and HRQoL in patients with ILD. The standard exercise prescription used for COPD is also effective for ILD. However, considering that disease progression and exercise-limiting factors are different in patients with COPD is necessary. Severe EIH, the adverse effects of corticosteroid administration, and comorbidities often lead to difficulty in employing a sufficient exercise intensity. Some modifications in the exercise prescription for individual patients or strategies to minimize EIH and dyspnea are required to optimize training intensity. Since EIH is common and severe in patients with ILD, supplemental oxygen should be provided. In advanced and more severe patients, who have difficulty in performing exercises, energy conservation techniques and the use of energy-saving devices to improve and maintain the patients' activities of daily living may be effective.

著者

Yoshiro Hadano Hajime Yoshii Michio Hayashi Hiroshi Oono Reiko Tanaka

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.9, pp.1141-1143, 2015 (Released:2015-05-01)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

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Cryptococcus arboriformis (C. arboriformis) is a novel Cryptococcus species belonging to the genus Trichosporonales. This novel species was identified definitively in 2007 using D1/D2 26S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing. In this article, we present a rare case of central line-associated bloodstream infection caused by C. arboriformis with successful treatment of this infection.

著者

杜 林 田邊 浩 Du Lin Tanabe Hiroshi

出版者

金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系

雑誌

金沢大学人間科学系研究紀要 = Bulletin of the Faculty of Human Sciences Kanazawa University (ISSN:18835368)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.45-65, 2018-03-31

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障害者権利条約が国連において採択されて以来,障害者に対する差別の解消と障害者の権利擁護は着実に前進してきたが,そこに至るまでには,障害当事者の運動が大きな役割を果たしてきた.中国は障害者権利条約をいち早く批准したが,中国における障害当事者の活動はどのような役割を果たしたであろうか. 本論文では,中国における障害当事者の活動の展開を後づけ,障害者の権利を守るために,どのような成果を上げ,今後どのようなことが課題となるかについて検討した.最初に,障害者の運動がどのようなものであり,どのような意味を有しているのかについて述べ,イギリスとアメリカ,そして日本の障害者運動について確認した.つぎに,中国における障害者運動の展開過程を分析した.その際に,わたしたちが聞き取り調査を実施したワンプラスワンの活動に注目し,そこから中国の障害者がおかれてきた状況について考察した.それらの結果から,中国における障害者の運動がもたらした成果と今後の課題について検討した.最後に中国における障害当事者活動の特徴を指摘した.

著者

神林 博史 Kanbayashi Hiroshi

出版者

東北学院大学学術研究会

雑誌

東北学院大学教養学部論集 = Faculty of Liberal Arts review, Tohoku Gakuin University (ISSN:18803423)

巻号頁・発行日

no.156, pp.25-54, 2010-07

著者

Yuki Oya Aoi Tsuyuki Hiroshi Kajihara

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.189-196, 2020-09-18 (Released:2020-09-18)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2

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We describe a new species of ilyplanid polyclad, Zygantroides serpulidicola sp. nov., from Amakusa, Kumamoto, Japan. This is the third member of Zygantroides Faubel, 1983 and the first record of the genus from the Pacific Ocean. Zygantroides serpulidicola sp. nov. is characterized by i) the mouth opening near the common gonopore, ii) the sperm ducts separately entering a pear-shaped seminal vesicle, iii) an elongated Lang’s-vesicle duct, and iv) the horseshoe-shaped Lang’s vesicle located posterior to the common gonopore. We provide a partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene (712 bp) as a DNA barcode for the species. Our phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated sequences of the 16S, 18S, and 28S ribosomal DNA and COI indicate that Z. serpulidicola sp. nov. is nested in a clade comprised of Discocelidae and Ilyplanidae; the latter does not appear to be monophyletic.

著者

Kozo Okamoto Hiromi Owada Tadashi Fujita Masahiro Kazumori Michiko Otsuka Hiromu Seko Yoshifumi Ota Naotaka Uekiyo Hiroshi Ishimoto Masahiro Hayashi Haruma Ishida Akiyoshi Ando Masaya Takahashi Kotaro Bessho Hironobu Yokota

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.162-168, 2020 (Released:2020-09-05)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

14

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To discuss the feasibility of the Himawari follow-on program, impacts of a hyperspectral sounder on a geostationary satellite (GeoHSS) is assessed using an observing system simulation experiment. Hypothetical GeoHSS observations are simulated by using an accurate reanalysis dataset for a heavy rainfall event in western Japan in 2018. The global data assimilation experiment demonstrates that the assimilation of clear-sky radiances of the GeoHSS improves the forecasts of the representative meteorological field and slightly reduces the typhoon position error. The regional data assimilation experiment shows that assimilating temperature and relative humidity profiles derived from the GeoHSS improves the heavy rainfall in the Chugoku region of western Japan as a result of enhanced southwesterly moisture flow off the northwestern coast of the Kyushu Island. These results suggest that the GeoHSS provides valuable information on frequently available vertically resolved temperature and humidity and thus improves the forecasts of severe events.

著者

Alima DORZHIEVA Makoto NAKATA Keisuke TAKANO Youki FUJIHIKO Yasuo ITO Kiyoshi AKAHARA Katsuyoshi TACHIKAWA Yasuko ICHIMURA Yaeko FURUKAWA Hiroshi SATO Mikiko FUJISAWA Mika OKAMOTO Takehiko SHIMIZU

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.41-53, 2020 (Released:2020-01-30)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

2

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Changes in the timing of bird migration in spring and autumn in a coastal forest near the city of Niigata, central Honshu, Japan, were analyzed based on 27 years of bird-banding records. Half of the bird species studied, including all migratory types except residents, arrived or departed significantly earlier in spring due to an increase in spring temperatures. The rate of change we observed in spring migration timing due to changes in temperature was identical to or slightly greater than those reported in studies from other countries. The spring arrival of the Narcissus Flycatcher Ficedula narcissina and the Japanese Thrush Turdus cardis, both long-distance summer migrants to the nearby mountains, became earlier (advanced), however, for reasons that remained unclear. Median capture date in autumn was significantly associated with year for five species. Of these, the median capture date of the Japanese White-eye Zosterops japonicus, a resident and wandering bird, and the Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala, a wandering bird, advanced annually, while for the Japanese Robin Luscinia akahige and two other species (all long-distance migrants), it was delayed. We hypothesize that forest succession from a simple pine forest to a mixed forest with well-developed sub-canopy and shrub layers may have strongly influenced the Japanese White-eye and the Black-faced Bunting due to changes in population structure in the study area, resulting in an earlier median autumn capture date. Forest succession may also have influenced the Japanese Robin's food resources, enabling it to stay longer in the study area and resulting in a delay in autumn departure date. Thus, changes in bird migration timing differ according to different environmental factors in spring and autumn.

著者

Fumiko NAITO Setsuko TAKAHASHI Yukinori SATO Shun NOGUCHI Hiroshi NAITO Tadayoshi TANAKA

出版者

The Japan Society of Home Economics

雑誌

Journal of Home Economics of Japan (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.153-159, 1996-02-15 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2

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真空調理法によるイカ肉の物性および食味特性を通常調理法と比較し, 真空調理については加熱温度や加熱時間の影響を物性, クッキングロスおよびスペースロス, 肉中のプロトン緩和曲線から検討し, 官能評価との関連性をみた.結果は次の通りである.(1) 真空調理時の加熱温度は40, 50, 60, 70および80℃について検討したところ, 温度の上昇に伴うイカ肉の硬さは40, 50, 60℃と上昇するに従い軟らかくなり, 60℃で最も軟らかい値を示した.さらに60℃を越すと加熱温度の上昇とともに硬くなることが認められた.クッキングロスは温度の上昇に伴い大となった.(2) イカ肉の真空調理の加熱時間の影響を20分間から50分間加熱について比較したところ, その差は認められなかった.(3) イカ肉中の水の動きの変化は60℃付近から起こり, 水分含量の減少や緩和時間丁2値の上昇は70℃加熱の肉に認められた.(4) 官能評価においては外観や食感に関する食味特性および嗜好について検討したが, 60℃および80℃加熱はともに好まれない傾向を示し, 70℃-30分間加熱により嗜好性の向上が認められた.(5) 以上の結果から, イカ肉の真空調理に適した加熱温度は約70℃であり, 加熱時間は20~30分間が適当と考えられた.(6) 真空調理法によりイカ飯を調製したところ, 煮込み調理に比べて官能評価の食感の項目でより好まれる傾向を示した.また調理操作の面では加熱中の攪拌が不必要であり, 少量の煮汁で加熱が可能であるなどの利点が認められた.

著者

小方 直幸 高旗 浩志 小方 朋子 TAKAHATA Hiroshi 小方 朋子 OGATA Tomoko

出版者

名古屋大学高等研究教育センター

雑誌

名古屋高等教育研究 (ISSN:13482459)

巻号頁・発行日

no.18, pp.135-153, 2018-03

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わが国の大学教育をめぐっては、3つのポリシーの整備や学位プログラム化の推進など、組織ベースから学修ベースへの制度転換が目指され、教員組織と学生の所属組織の関係についても、柔軟な形態の採用が指向されている。こうした改革をめぐる言説や動向を、実りある実践的なものとするには、個別の教育プログラムレベルにまで降りて、実証的な研究を行う必要がある。それぞれの教育プログラムがおかれた文脈が異なるからである。本稿はその一つの試みとして、教員養成に着目する。具体的には、複数教科指導という独自性を持つ小学校教員養成を取り上げ、現行の養成教育や教員研修システムが持つ「得意教科主義」を、高等教育論の視点から批判的に考察することを目的としている。教免法やカリキュラム構造が果たす顕在的養成機能よりも、大学の学科やコースという基本的な組織構造がもたらす潜在的養成機能に着目した分析から、教科のゼミに所属しその教科に関連した中高免許を取得するという現行の仕組みは、就業後の得意教科の発揮に貢献する一方で、複数教科に跨がる指導力や教科と教科を繋ぐ指導力の育成には寄与していないことを明らかにした。This study critically examined elementary schoolteachers' present training systems in college and after employment, oriented toward constructing "favorite subject of instruction," especially focusing on elementary schoolteachers' uniqueness in that they instruct plural subjects. The National Elementary Schoolteacher Survey, conducted to serve this object, sheds light on the present situation in which undergraduate students belong to a specific subject-related seminar and obtain a certificate for teaching secondary school in addition to that for elementary school. This contributes to demonstration of "favorite subject of instruction" after employment, but does not cultivate competence in course instruction straddling plural subjects or interrelating different subjects. Furthermore, post-employment training systems are not structured to build such competencies. Survey results offer a third method for training elementary schoolteachers in circumstances of a request to facilitate linkage between kindergarten and elementary school, elementary school and secondary school, or for competence in deep subject instruction.

著者

S. HERNÁNDEZ-AQUINO LUIS ALBERTO MIRANDA-ROMERO HIROSHI FUJIKAWA EMA DE JESÚS MALDONADO-SIMÁN BALDOMERO ALARCÓN-ZUÑIGA

出版者

The Society for Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents, Japan

雑誌

Biocontrol Science (ISSN:13424815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.185-192, 2019 (Released:2019-12-26)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

16

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Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are generally recognized as safe. It has been used to increase the shelf-life of fermented products, and its antimicrobial action is based on the metabolites secretions, such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, reuterin, bacteriocins and the like-bacteriocins substances. It has been proven that LAB are able to inhibit deteriorating bacteria of raw meat, but improper handling of live cultures could lead to spoilage. So, the use of their bacteriocins, small antimicrobial peptides, could be an alternative. Besides reducing the number of spoilage bacteria, it seeks to inhibit pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Listeria. The food industry uses few bacteriocins and now bacterial resistance has been reported. For that reason, the search of novel bacteriocins produced by LAB is a priority. Moreover, the natural microbiota of meat could be a reservoir of LAB.

著者

Koji Kanamori Noriko Ihana-Sugiyama Ritsuko Yamamoto-Honda Tomoka Nakamura Chie Sobe Shigemi Kamiya Miyako Kishimoto Hiroshi Kajio Kimiko Kawano Mitsuhiko Noda

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.243, no.1, pp.35-39, 2017 (Released:2017-09-15)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

7

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Carbohydrate-restricted diets are prevalent not only in obese people but also in the general population to maintain appropriate body weight. Here, we report that extreme carbohydrate restriction for one day affects the subsequent blood glucose levels in healthy adults. Ten subjects (median age 30.5 years, BMI 21.1 kg/m2, and HbA1c 5.5%), wearing with a continuous glucose monitoring device, were given isoenergetic test meals for 4 consecutive days. On day 1, day 2 (D2), and day 4 (D4), they consumed normal-carbohydrate (63-66% carbohydrate) diet, while on day 3, they took low-carbohydrate/high-fat (5% carbohydrate) diet. The daily energy intake was 2,200 kcal for males and 1,700 kcal for females. On D2 and D4, we calculated the mean 24-hr blood glucose level (MEAN/24h) and its standard deviation (SD/24h), the area under the curve (AUC) for glucose over 140 mg/dL within 4 hours after each meal (AUC/4h/140), the mean amplitude of the glycemic excursions (MAGE), the incremental AUC of 24-hr blood glucose level above the mean plus one standard deviation (iAUC/MEAN+SD). Indexes for glucose fluctuation on D4 were significantly greater than those on D2 (SD/24h; p = 0.009, MAGE; p = 0.013, AUC/4h/140 after breakfast and dinner; p = 0.006 and 0.005, and iAUC/MEAN+SD; p = 0.007). The value of MEAN/24h and AUC/4h/140 after lunch on D4 were greater than those on D2, but those differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, consumption of low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet appears to cause higher postprandial blood glucose on subsequent normal-carbohydrate diet particularly after breakfast and dinner in healthy adults.

著者

Hiroshi ARAKI Ko ISHIBASHI Noriyuki NAMIKI Hirotomo NODA Masanori KOBAYASHI Keigo ENYA Masanobu OZAKI Takahide MIZUNO Yoshifumi SAITO Kazuyuki TOUHARA Shoko OSHIGAMI Shingo KASHIMA Jun KIMURA Shingo KOBAYASHI Gregor STEINBRUEGGE Alexander STARK Christian ALTHAUS Simone Del TOGNO Kay LINGENAUBER Hauke HUSSMANN

出版者

THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES

雑誌

TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES, AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN (ISSN:18840485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.150-154, 2019 (Released:2019-03-04)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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GALA (GAnymede Laser Altimeter) is one of the payload instruments of the JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) project to be launched in 2022 to the Jovian icy moons Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto. GALA is developed through an international collaboration between Germany, Japan, Switzerland, and Spain. With the performance model of GALA, we have sought to create the interface conditions that satisfy the science requirements on the probability of false detection (PFD) and the range accuracy. The science requirements on GALA performance can be summarized as involving the following four criteria: [1] for Europa fly-by, PFD is less than 0.2 from an altitude of 1300 km or lower, [2] under the worst observation condition for albedo and surface slope of GCO500 (Ganymede Circular Orbit whose height is 500 km), the accuracy of ranging is less than 10 m and PFD is less than 0.2, [3] under the nominal observation condition of GCO500, the accuracy of ranging is less than 2 m and PFD is less than 0.1, and [4] under the best observation condition of GCO500, the accuracy of ranging is less than 1 m and PFD is less than 0.1. For the assessment, however, we had used literature data as the characteristics of the laser detector of GALA, avalanche photodiode (APD), which should be degraded due to the severe radiation environment around Jupiter. Then we carried out a more realistic model simulation of GALA by incorporating these degradation effects of APD. Characteristics of APD, such as gain, quantum efficiency, excess noise index, surface dark current, and bulk dark current, were re-evaluated through radiation tests using the data of dark and photo current of the APD irradiated with 2-MeV-electron and 50-MeV-proton beams, which are the radiation conditions assumed for JUICEGALA around Jupiter. These degraded characteristics of APD by radiation were introduced to our performance model of GALA. As a result, our performance simulation of GALA showed again that the science requirements are satisfied even after taking into account the degraded characteristics of APD. The remaining matter is the effect of noise or digitization in the Analog Electronics Module (AEM), which must be taken into account for the final specifications of GALA.

著者

Eitaro Kodani Hiroshi Inoue Hirotsugu Atarashi Ken Okumura Takeshi Yamashita Hideki Origasa on behalf of the J-RHYTHM Registry Investigators

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-19-0267, (Released:2019-06-19)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

5

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Background:Because the influence of digitalis use on the death of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) remains controversial, a subanalysis of the J-RHYTHM Registry was performed.Methods and Results:A consecutive series of outpatients with AF from 158 institutions was enrolled and followed for 2 years or until the occurrence of an event. Among 7,406 patients with NVAF, 7,018 (age, 69.7±10.0 years; men, 71.1%) with information on antiarrhythmic drug and digitalis use at baseline were divided into 2 groups based on digitalis use. The influence of digitalis on death was investigated using a propensity score-matching model. In 802 patients treated with digitalis, all-cause death was significantly higher than in 6,216 patients with no digitalis use during the 2-year follow-up period (4.4% vs. 2.4%, unadjusted P<0.001). Digitalis use was significantly associated with all-cause death in the crude model (hazard ratio [HR] 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–2.68, P=0.001). However, after propensity score-matching, the association was not significant (HR 1.31, 95% CI 0.70–2.46, P=0.405). Older age, male sex, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and lower body mass index were significantly associated with all-cause death in NVAF patients treated with digitalis.Conclusions:Digitalis use was not independently associated with all-cause death, and several clinical confounding factors might contribute to increased mortality in NVAF patients treated with digitalis.

著者

Kaizuka Hiroshi Siu Byron

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics (ISSN:00214922)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.L773-L776, 1988

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We present a simple way to compensate for hysteresis and creep in piezoelectric actuators. By inserting a capacitor in series with the piezoelectric actuator, we find a reduction in the size of the hysteresis loop. For a suitable small capacity in series, creep is eliminated.

著者

TOCHIMOTO Eigo NIINO Hiroshi

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-043, (Released:2018-04-27)

被引用文献数

7

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This study used the JRA-55 reanalysis dataset to analyze the structure and environment of extratropical cyclones (ECs) that spawned tornadoes (tornadic ECs: TECs) between 1961 and 2011 in Japan. Composite analysis indicated that the differences between the structure and environment of TECs and those of ECs that did not spawn tornadoes (non-tornadic ECs: NTECs) vary with the seasons. In spring (March–May), TECs are associated with stronger upper-level potential vorticity and colder mid-level temperature than NTECs. The colder air at the mid-level contributes to the increase in convective available potential energy (CAPE) of TECs. TECs in winter (December–February: DJF) and those northward of 40°N in autumn (September–November: SON) are accompanied by larger CAPE than are NTECs. The larger CAPE for TECs in DJF is caused by larger moisture and warmer temperature at low levels, and that for TECs northward of 40°N in SON (NSON) is caused by the colder mid-level temperature associated with an upper-level trough. The distribution of the energy helicity index also shows significant differences between TECs and NTECs for DJF and NSON. On the other hand, the distribution of the 0–1 km storm relative environmental helicity (SREH) shows no significant differences between TECs and NTECs in most seasons except DJF. A comparison of TECs between Japan and the United States (US) shows that SREH and CAPE are noticeably larger in the US. It is suggested that these differences occur because TECs in the US (Japan) develop over land (ocean), which exerts more (less) surface friction and diurnal heating.

著者

YUMIMOTO Keiya TANAKA Taichu Y. YOSHIDA Mayumi KIKUCHI Maki NAGAO Takashi M. MURAKAMI Hiroshi MAKI Takashi

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-035, (Released:2018-04-08)

被引用文献数

21

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The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) launched a next-generation geostationary meteorological satellite (GMS), Himawari-8, on October 7, 2014 and began its operation on July 7, 2015. The Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard Himawari-8 has 16 observational bands that enable the retrieval of full-disk maps of aerosol optical properties (AOPs), including aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and the Ångström exponent (AE) with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, we combined an aerosol transport model with the Himawari-8 AOT using the data assimilation method, and performed aerosol assimilation and forecasting experiments on smoke from an intensive wildfire that occurred over Siberia between May 15 and 18, 2016. To effectively utilize the high observational frequency of Himawari-8, we assimilated 1-h merged AOTs generated through the combination of six AOT snapshots taken over 10-min intervals, three times per day. The heavy smoke originating from the wildfire was transported eastward behind a low-pressure trough, and covered northern Japan from May 19 to 20. The southern part of the smoke plume then traveled westward, in a clockwise flow associated with high pressure. The forecast without assimilation reproduced the transport of the smoke to northern Japan; however, it underestimated AOT and the extinction coefficient compared with observed values, mainly due to errors in the emission inventory. Data assimilation with the Himawari-8 AOT compensated for the underestimation and successfully forecasted the unique C-shaped distribution of the smoke. In particular, the assimilation of the Himawari-8 AOT during May 18 greatly improved the forecast of the southern part of the smoke flow. Our results indicate that the inheritance of assimilation cycles and the assimilation of more recent observations led to better forecasting in this case of a continental smoke outflow.

著者

Hiroaki Takemoto Jun Takahashi Sumiko Hyuga Hiroshi Odaguchi Nahoko Uchiyama Takuro Maruyama Tadatoshi Yamashita Masashi Hyuga Naohiro Oshima Yoshiaki Amakura Takashi Hakamatsuka Yukihiro Goda Toshihiko Hanawa Yoshinori Kobayashi

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.247-253, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

18

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Ephedrine alkaloids-free Ephedra Herb extract (EFE) has been developed to eliminate the adverse effects caused by ephedrine alkaloid-induced sympathetic hyperactivation. Previously, we reported that EFE possesses analgesic, anti-influenza, and cancer metastatic inhibitory effects at comparable levels to that of Ephedra Herb extract (EHE). However, it has not yet been demonstrated that EFE is free from the known side effects of EHE, such as excitation, insomnia, and arrhythmias. In this study, the incidence of these adverse effects was compared between mice administered EHE and those administered EFE. Increased locomotor activity in an open-field test, reduced immobility times in a forced swim test, and reduced sleep times in a pentobarbital-induced sleep test were observed in EHE-treated mice, when compared to the corresponding values in vehicle-treated mice. In contrast, EFE had no obvious effects in these tests. In electrocardiograms, atrial fibrillation (i.e., irregular heart rhythm, absence of P waves, and appearance of f waves) was observed in the EHE-treated mice. It was suggested that this atrial fibrillation was induced by stimulation of adrenaline β1 receptors, but not by hypokalemia. However, EFE did not affect cardiac electrophysiology. These results suggest that the abovementioned side effects are caused by ephedrine alkaloids in EHE, and that EFE is free from these adverse effects, such as excitation, insomnia, and arrhythmias. Thus, EFE is a promising new botanical drug with few adverse effects.

著者

高中 健一郎 山縣 瑞恵 安藤 元一 小川 博 TAKANAKA Kenichiro Mizue YAMAGATA Motokazu ANDO Hiroshi OGAWA

出版者

東京農業大学

雑誌

東京農業大学農学集報 (ISSN:03759202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.111-117, 2011-09

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側溝に落下して死亡する小型哺乳類が多いことから,本研究では側溝の深さと側溝内の水位が小型哺乳類の脱出成功率にどのように影響するかを調べると共に,保全対策として脱出用スロープの形状を検討した.脱出できなくなる道路側溝の深さは,モグラ類(ヒミズ,アズマモグラおよびコウベモグラ)では15cm,ジネズミでは24cm,スミスネズミおよびハタネズミは30cmであった.アカネズミおよびヒメネズミは深さ30cmの溝からは概ね脱出可能であり,静かな環境では深さ45cmからも一部の個体が脱出できた.脱出に際して地上性のアカネズミはよじ登りよりもジャンプを用いる傾向が強く,半樹上性のヒメネズミはよじ登りを多用した.側溝内に止水がある場合,ネズミ類は小さな側溝からは水位にかかわらず脱出できたが,大きな側溝ではスミスネズミやハタネズミは水位1cm以上で,アカヤズミとヒメネズミは水位5cm以上で脱出できない個体が現れた.ネズミ類の保護対策としては側溝の深さをできるだけ浅くすることが望ましく,モグラ類についてはスロープ付き側溝を用いることが望ましい.スロープには1.5~4.5cm間隔で段差を付け,傾斜角度を45°以下にするとともに,スロープを側壁で挟んで通路幅を5cm程度にとどめることが望ましい.

著者

Hiroyuki Tsutsui Hiroshi Ito Masafumi Kitakaze Issei Komuro Toyoaki Murohara Tohru Izumi Kenji Sunagawa Yoshio Yasumura Masafumi Yano Kazuhiro Yamamoto Tsutomu Yoshikawa Takayoshi Tsutamoto Junwei Zhang Akifumi Okayama Yoshihiko Ichikawa Kazuhiro Kanmuri Masunori Matsuzaki for the J-EMPHASIS-HF Study Group

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.148-158, 2017-12-25 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

23

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Background:The mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone improved clinical outcomes among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection faction (HFrEF) in the EMPHASIS-HF (Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure) study. However, similar efficacy and safety have not been established in Japanese patients. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of eplerenone in patients with HFrEF in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled outcome study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01115855). The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy predefined as consistency of the primary endpoint with that of EMPHASIS-HF at a point estimate of <1 for the hazard ratio.Methods and Results:HFrEF patients with NYHA functional class II–IV and an EF ≤35% received eplerenone (n=111) or placebo (n=110) on top of standard therapy for at least 12 months. The primary endpoint was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for HF. The primary endpoint occurred in 29.7% of patients in the eplerenone group vs. 32.7% in the placebo group [hazard ratio=0.85 (95% CI: 0.53–1.36)]. Hospitalization for any cause and changes in plasma BNP and LVEF were favorable with eplerenone. A total of 17 patients (15.3%) in the eplerenone group and 10 patients (9.1%) in the placebo group died. Adverse events, including hyperkalemia, were similar between the groups.Conclusions:Eplerenone was well-tolerated in Japanese patients with HFrEF and showed results consistent with those reported in the EMPHASIS-HF study.