著者

Atsushi KOBAYASHI Sayaka TSUCHIDA Atsushi UEDA Takuji YAMADA Koichi MURATA Hiroshi NAKAMURA Kazunari USHIDA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-0014, (Released:2019-08-12)

被引用文献数

20

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The transgenerational maintenance of symbiotic microbes that benefit host nutrition and health is evolutionarily advantageous. In some vertebrate lineages, coprophagy is used as a strategy for effectively transmitting microbes across generations. However, this strategy has still not been studied in birds. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of maternal cecal feces consumption by Japanese rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta japonica) chicks as a strategy for acquiring essential gut microbes. Both the duration of coprophagy behavior by the chicks and the development process of the chick cecal microbiome (n=20 one- to three-week-old chicks, from three broods) were investigated. In all three broods, coprophagy behavior was only observed from 3 to 18 days of age. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the number of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 1-week-old chicks (n=651) and adults (n=609), and most of the main OTUs observed in the adults were already present in the 1-week-old chicks. These results indicate that, in this precocial bird species, coprophagy may contribute to the early establishment of cecal bacteria that are essential for food digestion and, thus, chick survival. In fact, Japanese rock ptarmigan chicks consume the same food as their hens from the time of hatching. This behavior may have applications to ex-situ conservation.

著者

Hisanori Tokuda Toshiaki Sueyasu Masanori Kontani Hiroshi Kawashima Hiroshi Shibata Yoshihiko Koga

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.6, pp.633-644, 2015 (Released:2015-06-01)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

8 23

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Several studies have reported that the supplementation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (ARA) improve cognitive function in the elderly. However, the doses used in these studies were higher than general dietary LCPUFA intake levels. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of low doses of LCPUFA supplementation corresponding to general dietary intake on cognitive function in non-demented elderly Japanese participants. Japanese men aged 55-64 years were enrolled and randomly allocated to the placebo or LCPUFA group. Participants received 4 weeks of supplementation with LCPUFA-containing oil (DHA, 300 mg/day; EPA, 100 mg/day; and ARA, 120 mg/day) or purified olive oil as placebo. Event-related potential P300, reflecting cognitive processes, was measured before and after supplementation. A total of 113 participants completed the supplementation period, and the per-protocol analysis included 69 participants. Changes in P300 latency were significantly different between the placebo group (+13.6 msec) and the LCPUFA group (-1.8 msec) after supplementation. Significant increases in DHA (+0.9%) and ARA (+0.6%) contents in plasma phospholipids were observed in the LCPUFA group; no changes were observed in the placebo group. Dietary DHA, EPA, and ARA intake were in the normal range for Japan participants and remained unchanged during the study. These results suggest that low doses of LCPUFA supplementation have the potential to improve cognitive function in elderly Japanese men.

著者

和久 大介 穴田 美佳 小川 博 安藤 元一 佐々木 剛 Waku Daisuke Mika Anada Hiroshi Ogawa Motokazu Ando Takeshi Sasaki

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.144-150,

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ユーラシアカワウソ(Lutra lutra)はユーラシア大陸に広く分布する中型食肉目である。本種には11の亜種がおり,欧州亜種L. l. lutra,東南アジア亜種L. l. barang,中国亜種L. l. chinensis などが国内外の動物園や水族館で飼育されている。欧州の動物園や水族館にはA-line(L. l. lutra)とB-line(L. l. lutraとL. l. barangが交雑した可能性がある系統)という2つのlineが存在し,日本の動物園や水族館にも導入されている。本来は同じ亜種内で繁殖がおこなわれるが,日本では本種の個体数が少ないためA-lineとB-lineで繁殖がおこなわれている。実際にB-lineが東南アジア亜種の遺伝子を持っているか評価がおこなわれ,B-lineとA-lineの間に違いがあることが示された。ただし先行研究では,解析配列が307bpと短いことが問題として上げられる。本研究ではミトコンドリア(mt)DNA Cytochrome bの全長配列(1140bp)をA-line,B-line各1個体,中国亜種2個体から決定し,先行研究で決定されたB-lineの配列を含む4配列を加えて配列比較,系統解析をおこなった。その結果,A-line,B-lineそれぞれが特徴的な変異サイトを示し,系統解析では先行研究と同じようにB-lineは中国亜種とクレイドを形成し,A-lineは欧州亜種独自のクレイドを形成した。よって解析したB-lineのmtDNAは東南アジア亜種に由来する可能性がある。2015年現在,日本のB-line個体は全て本研究で解析したB-lineの子や孫である。亜種間交雑が示唆された国内のB-lineは,本種の繁殖・維持に活用できるが,A-lineや中国亜種の系統維持に活用することはできない。

著者

関口 寛 Hiroshi Sekiguchi

出版者

同志社大学人文科学研究所

雑誌

社会科学 = The Social Science(The Social Sciences) (ISSN:04196759)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.125-147, 2011-05-31

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本稿は,20世紀初頭の日本におけるアカデミズムにおける部落問題認識について考察するものである。その手がかりとして,人類学者・鳥居龍蔵の被差別部落民調査を取り上げる。彼は人類学の観点から,東アジア圏の人種関係の解明という壮大なテーマのなかに部落問題を位置づけようとした。本稿はまず,彼が国内で実施した部落民調査の概要を明らかにし,これが彼の学問に与えた影響,さらにはその社会的反響について考察する。

著者

Hiroshi Ueda Hiroshi Itoh Junya Hirai Kiyotaka Hidaka

出版者

The Plankton Society of Japan, The Japanese Association of Benthology

雑誌

Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.221-230, 2022-05-30 (Released:2022-05-31)

参考文献数

22

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The Paracalanus parvus (Claus, 1863) species complex is a common marine calanoid copepod found in the world’s oceans. Recent genetic analyses of its specimens from the world oceans revealed that the complex in the western North Pacific consists of three species, i.e., P. indicus Wolfenden, 1905, P. tropicus Andronov, 1977 and an undescribed species. We assign the last one to be Paracalanus orientalis n. sp. by comparing it with previous morphological descriptions of related species. Both sexes of the new species are fully described based on genetically identified specimens from the surface layer of the south of Japan. The new species can be reliably distinguished from P. indicus and P. tropicus by the hunchback shape of the female if it is clearly present. Among the three species, the high length:width ratio of the third exopod segment of leg 4 is also characteristic of the new species, which would be identifiable, in most cases, by having a ratio of 5.4 or more.

著者

Jacques LOCHARD Ryoko ANDO Hiroshi TAKAGI Shinya ENDO Maiko MOMMA Makoto MIYAZAKI Yujiro KURODA Takeshi KUSUMOTO Masako ENDO Setsuko ENDO Yohei KOYAMA

出版者

日本保健物理学会

雑誌

保健物理 (ISSN:03676110)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.39-52, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-05-26)

参考文献数

26

著者

Minoru Ono Osamu Yamaguchi Tomohito Ohtani Koichiro Kinugawa Yoshikatsu Saiki Yoshiki Sawa Akira Shiose Hiroyuki Tsutsui Norihide Fukushima Goro Matsumiya Masanobu Yanase Kenji Yamazaki Kazuhiro Yamamoto Masatoshi Akiyama Teruhiko Imamura Kiyotaka Iwasaki Miyoko Endo Yoshihiko Ohnishi Takahiro Okumura Koichi Kashiwa Osamu Kinoshita Kaori Kubota Osamu Seguchi Koichi Toda Hiroshi Nishioka Tomohiro Nishinaka Takashi Nishimura Toru Hashimoto Masaru Hatano Haruhiko Higashi Taiki Higo Takeo Fujino Yumiko Hori Toru Miyoshi Motoharu Yamanaka Takayuki Ohno Takeshi Kimura Shunei Kyo Yasushi Sakata Takeshi Nakatani on behalf of the JCS/JSCVS/JATS/JSVS Joint Working Group

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-21-0880, (Released:2022-04-05)

参考文献数

288

被引用文献数

10

著者

Keisuke Kitagawa Naoki Kodama Yousuke Manda Keitaro Mori Hiroshi Furutera Shogo Minagi

出版者

Japan Prosthodontic Society

雑誌

Journal of Prosthodontic Research (ISSN:18831958)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JPR_D_21_00171, (Released:2021-12-24)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

8

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of masseter muscle activity during wakefulness and sleep on tooth wear.Methods: Sixteen participants with no or mild tooth wear (NMTW group) and sixteen participants with moderate-to-severe tooth wear (MSTW group) were enrolled. The severity of tooth wear was evaluated using the occlusal and incisal indices of the tooth wear index. Surface electromyography was performed to record the electrical activity of the left masseter muscle during wakefulness and sleep. Electromyographic activity was detected using an electromyographic threshold of 5% and 20% of maximal voluntary clenching (MVC). The total duration of electromyographic activity and bruxism episodes were calculated.Results: The mean ages of the NMTW and MSTW groups were 71.75 ± 7.61 years and 71.69 ± 7.49 years, respectively. The mean cumulative duration of electromyographic activity during wakefulness using a threshold of >5% MVC was 6.44 ± 4.52 min/h and 13.62 ± 10.08 min/h for the NMTW and MSTW groups, respectively (p=0.048). The mean total durations of electromyographic activity during wakefulness and sleep using a threshold of >20% MVC were 1.08 ± 1.70 min/h and 1.05 ± 3.02 min/h, respectively, in the NMTW group and 4.78 ± 6.37 min/h and 1.61 ± 1.79 min/h, respectively, in the MSTW group (p=0.048 and p=0.003, respectively).Conclusion: These results suggest that masseter electromyographic activity during wakefulness and sleep may be related to the severity of tooth wear.

著者

齋藤 洋 サイトウ ヒロシ Hiroshi Saito

出版者

東洋大学法学会

雑誌

東洋法学 = Toyohogaku (ISSN:05640245)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.69-92, 2007-10-15

著者

豊島 宏 Hiroshi Toyoshima 松山大学法学部 Matsuyama UniversityCollege of Law

雑誌

松山大学論集 = Matsuyama University review (ISSN:09163298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.45-97, 2007-04-01

著者

Hiroshi ASHIGAI Yuta KOMANO Guanying WANG Yasuji KAWACHI Kazuko SUNAGA Reiko YAMAMOTO Ryoji TAKATA Takaaki YANAI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.301-304, 2018 (Released:2018-08-31)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

3

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Blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L.) have various benefits for human health. In particular, a polysaccharide derived from blackcurrant was found to be an immunostimulating food ingredient in a mouse model. We named a polysaccharide derived from blackcurrant cassis polysaccharide (CAPS). In a previous clinical study, we reported that CAPS affects skin dehydration, demonstrating its effectiveness against skin inflammation was related to atopic dermatitis; skin inflammation caused skin dehydration. However, there are no studies regarding CAPS effectiveness against skin dehydration. The current study aimed to investigate CAPS effectiveness against skin dehydration. We further demonstrate the effect of oral administration of CAPS on skin dehydration caused by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced inflammation in mice. We found that CAPS administration suppresses skin dehydration caused by UV irradiation. We also found that CAPS decreases interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase transcription levels in the mouse skin. These results show that CAPS improves skin hydration in UV-irradiated mice.

著者

Hiroshi Kawahara Akihiro Endo Kazuto Yamaguchi Hiroyuki Yoshitomi Kazuaki Tanabe

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Reports (ISSN:24340790)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.8, pp.388-389, 2022-08-10 (Released:2022-08-10)

参考文献数

1

著者

笹沼 弘志 Sasanuma Hiroshi

出版者

早稲田大学法学会

雑誌

早稲田法学会誌 = The Waseda Law Journal (Waseda Hougakukaishi) (ISSN:05111951)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.179-235, 1993-03-25

著者

中村 博司 Hiroshi Nakamura

雑誌

時計台 (ISSN:09183639)

巻号頁・発行日

no.76, pp.18-23, 2006-04-01

著者

岩本 浩史 Hiroshi IWAMOTO

雑誌

総合政策論叢 (ISSN:13463829)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.29-41, 2011-03-14

著者

Kenichi Watanabe Hiroshi Suzuki Meizi Jiang Shinya Tsukano Satoshi Kataoka Sueshi Ito Takatsugu Sakai Toru Hirokawa Hisanori Haniu Fujito Numano Satoshi Hoshina Satoshi Hasegawa Masamichi Matsunaga Kousei Chiba Naka Saito Hiroshi Yoshida Satoru Takami Soichiro Okubo Harunobu Hirano Akihiko Saitoh Hideaki Bujo

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-20-1271, (Released:2021-09-16)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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Background:Intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play an important role in the vasculitis caused by Kawasaki disease (KD). Lipoprotein receptor 11 (LR11) is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, which is expressed markedly in intimal vascular SMCs and secreted in a soluble form (sLR11). sLR11 has been recently identified as a potential vascular lesion biomarker. sLR11 is reportedly elevated in patients with coronary artery lesions long after KD, but there is no description of sLR11 in acute KD. Our aim was to determine the sLR11 dynamics in acute KD and to assess its usefulness as a biomarker.Methods and Results:106 acute KD patients and 18 age-matched afebrile controls were enrolled. KD patients were classified into the following subgroups: intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) responders (n=85) and non-responders (n=21). Serum sLR11 levels before IVIG therapy were higher in non-responders (median, 19.6 ng/mL; interquartile range [IQR], 13.0–24.9 ng/mL) than in controls (11.9 ng/mL, 10.4–14.9 ng/mL, P<0.01) or responders (14.3 ng/mL, 11.7–16.5 ng/mL, P<0.01). Using a cutoff of >17.5 ng/mL, non-responders to initial IVIG therapy were identified with 66.7% sensitivity and 78.8% specificity.Conclusions:sLR11 can reflect the state of acute KD and might be a biomarker for patient response to IVIG therapy.

著者

Masato Nakamura Hitoshi Yaku Junya Ako Hirokuni Arai Tohru Asai Taishiro Chikamori Hiroyuki Daida Kiyoshi Doi Toshihiro Fukui Toshiaki Ito Kazushige Kadota Junjiro Kobayashi Tatsuhiko Komiya Ken Kozuma Yoshihisa Nakagawa Koichi Nakao Hiroshi Niinami Takayuki Ohno Yukio Ozaki Masataka Sata Shuichiro Takanashi Hirofumi Takemura Takafumi Ueno Satoshi Yasuda Hitoshi Yokoyama Tomoyuki Fujita Tokuo Kasai Shun Kohsaka Takashi Kubo Susumu Manabe Naoya Matsumoto Shigeru Miyagawa Tomohiro Mizuno Noboru Motomura Satoshi Numata Hiroyuki Nakajima Hirotaka Oda Hiromasa Otake Fumiyuki Otsuka Ken-ichiro Sasaki Kazunori Shimada Tomoki Shimokawa Toshiro Shinke Tomoaki Suzuki Masao Takahashi Nobuhiro Tanaka Hiroshi Tsuneyoshi Taiki Tojo Dai Une Satoru Wakasa Koji Yamaguchi Takashi Akasaka Atsushi Hirayama Kazuo Kimura Takeshi Kimura Yoshiro Matsui Shunichi Miyazaki Yoshitaka Okamura Minoru Ono Hiroki Shiomi Kazuo Tanemoto on behalf of the Japanese Circulation Society Joint Working Group

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-20-1282, (Released:2022-01-31)

参考文献数

1179

被引用文献数

38

著者

Akihiko Nogami Takashi Kurita Kengo Kusano Masahiko Goya Morio Shoda Hiroshi Tada Shigeto Naito Teiichi Yamane Masaomi Kimura Tsuyoshi Shiga Kyoko Soejima Takashi Noda Hiro Yamasaki Yoshifusa Aizawa Tohru Ohe Takeshi Kimura Shun Kohsaka Hideo Mitamura on behalf of the Japanese Circulation Society / the Japanese Heart Rhythm Society Joint Working Group

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-21-0162, (Released:2022-01-06)

参考文献数

183

被引用文献数

21

著者

川島 由次 仲田 正 高橋 宏 KAWASHIMA Yoshitsugu NAKADA Tadashi TAKAHASHI Hiroshi 琉球大学農学部畜産学科 Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus

出版者

南方資源利用技術研究会

雑誌

南方資源利用技術研究会誌 = Journal of the society tropical resources technologists (ISSN:09129588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.13-22, 1985-03-30

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カビバラは南米原産の草食性げっ歯類である.その体長は100~130cm,体高が50~60cm,体重は40~60kgにも達し,げっ歯類では最大の種である.消化器系の特徴は,歯の形態が植物食によく適応し,盲腸の発達がきわめてよいことである.妊娠期間は約150日間,産子数は平均5頭で,出産は2年間で3回可能である,乳頭数は5対が基本数である.カピバラの繁殖率はウシと比較して約6倍高い値が得られている.本種は早熟なので1年半でと殺が可能である.1日増体量は54g,枝肉歩どまりは51%なので,その産肉効率をウシと比べると3.4倍高い値を示している.肉は焼き肉が美味であるが,ソーセージ類・燻製品などにも加工されている.皮革は水にぬれて乾いても堅くならない特色をもっている.カピバラは穀類に依存しないで,ホテイアオイや湿地性の植物で飼育可能な省エネルギー動物であり,将来の有望な食肉資源である.The capybara is a South American herbivorous rodent. It is the largest living rodent, as the length of the head and body, the body height and the body weight are 100-130 cm, 50-60 cm and 40-60 kg, respectively. As the characteristics of the digestive sysem, it is found that the dentition is specially suited to grind the feed and the cecum shows a marked development The duration of pregnancy averages about 130 days. The size of litter averages 5 youngs. Three parturitions for two years in a capybara are possible. There are five pairs of ventral mammae. The capybara is about six times as efficient as the cattle in its productive performance. It reaches early at sexual maturity, and the early maturity makes it possible to slaughter within 1.5 years. It achieves a growth rate of about 54g per day. Carcass yield is 51%. A comparison of the productive efficiency of the capybara and the cattle has shown that the capybara is 3.4 times as efficient as the cattle. The meat has a good taste and is used for the production of sausages and smoked meat. As its hide has the property of stretching in one direction only, and is, therefore, much sought after by leather makers. The capybara feeds mainly on grasses and sometimes eats aquatic plants such as the water hyacinth. It appears that the capybara may become an indigenous source of meat, which enables to be produced at comparatively low costs because it does not eat grains.

著者

Takuya Matsumoto Satoshi Kodera Hiroki Shinohara Hirotaka Ieki Toshihiro Yamaguchi Yasutomi Higashikuni Arihiro Kiyosue Kaoru Ito Jiro Ando Eiki Takimoto Hiroshi Akazawa Hiroyuki Morita Issei Komuro

出版者

International Heart Journal Association

雑誌

International Heart Journal (ISSN:13492365)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.4, pp.781-786, 2020-07-30 (Released:2020-07-30)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

26

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The development of deep learning technology has enabled machines to achieve high-level accuracy in interpreting medical images. While many previous studies have examined the detection of pulmonary nodules in chest X-rays using deep learning, the application of this technology to heart failure remains rare. In this paper, we investigated the performance of a deep learning algorithm in terms of diagnosing heart failure using images obtained from chest X-rays. We used 952 chest X-ray images from a labeled database published by the National Institutes of Health. Two cardiologists verified and relabeled a total of 260 "normal" and 378 "heart failure" images, with the remainder being discarded because they had been incorrectly labeled. Data augmentation and transfer learning were used to obtain an accuracy of 82% in diagnosing heart failure using the chest X-ray images. Furthermore, heatmap imaging allowed us to visualize decisions made by the machine. Deep learning can thus help support the diagnosis of heart failure using chest X-ray images.