著者

戸原 玄 Jeffrey B. Palmer Kelly Reynolds Keith V. Kuhlemeier Sara Palmer

出版者

口腔病学会

雑誌

口腔病学会雑誌 (ISSN:03009149)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.4, pp.242-248, 2003-12-30 (Released:2010-10-08)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5 12

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A simple, broadly applicable, standardized dysphagia severity scale would be useful to standardize dysphagia evaluations, to monitor recovery and efficacy of treatment and to study the consequences of dysphagia. We developed a global Dysphagia Severity Scale (DSS) from videofluorographic swallowing studies which included subjective clinical ratings of functional swallowing. We rated laryngeal penetration/aspiration (P/A) and pharyngeal retention (PR), and then assessed methods for scoring severity of P/A and PR and for combining them in a global scale. Each method was tested by correlation with overall clinical severity ratings. The highest correlations were found by : 1) scoring P/A based on which foods were aspirated (no aspiration or penetration ; penetration only ; thin liquid aspiration ; thick liquid, pudding, or chewed solid food aspiration ; 2) scoring PR based on how much food was retained (none ; minimal ; moderate ; severe) ; and 3) combining P/A and PR by taking the higher of the two scores as the final DSS rating. The final global DSS score and the clinical severity rating correlated well (r=0.71) . This proposed scale shows promise for rating global dysphagia severity.

著者

クルチリン B. N.

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

日本鉱業会誌 (ISSN:03694194)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.951, pp.958-960, 1967-07-25 (Released:2011-07-13)

著者

[edited by W.B. Henning and E. Yarshater]

出版者

Lund Humphries

巻号頁・発行日

1962

著者

安野 正之 W. W. MACDONALD C. F. CURTIS K. K. GROVER P. K. RAJAGOPALAN L. S. SHARWA V. P. SHARMA D. SINGH K. R. P. SINGH H. V. AGARWAL S. J. KAZMI P. K. B. MENON R. MENON R. K. RAZDAN D. SAMUEL V. VAIDYANATHAN

出版者

The Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.325-343, 1978-12-15 (Released:2016-09-05)

被引用文献数

7 21

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雄のネッタイイエカがチオテパで処理され, 1日あたり15万匹から30万匹が5カ月半にわたってデリー近郊の村に放逐された。村の周囲3km幅の地域にあるネッタイイエカ幼虫の生息場所は殺虫剤で処理され, 実験期間中成虫の発生を抑えた。放逐蚊はすべて螢光色素でマークされた。マーク雄と非マーク雄の比はつねに24 : 1より大きかった。不妊雄の交尾競争力がわかっているので, 村内では不妊雄による交尾率が非常に高いことが期待された。野生の雌をつかまえてそれに産ませた卵をしらべた結果, 最初の3週間に野外集団に高いレベルの不妊性をもたらしたことが証明された。しかしその後は不妊性のレベルは低かった。3kmの幼虫生息場所皆無帯は, 周辺からのすでに受精した雌の侵入をはばむことができなかったことを示すいくつかの証拠がある。実験対象とした村の野生のネッタイイエカの密度と比較対照とした別の二つの村の密度を検討すると, 高い不妊性を示した期間は実験対象とした村のネッタイイエカ密度は一時的に減少したように思われる。

著者

TOSHIYUKI HASEYAMA TOSHIKI FUJITA FUJIKO HIRASAWA MIKAKO TSUKADA HIDEKI WAKUI ATSUSHI KOMATSUDA HIROSHI OHTANI AKIRA B. MIURA HIROKAZU IMAI AKIO KOIZUMI

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.198, no.4, pp.233-244, 2002 (Released:2004-04-19)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

32 43

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The Akita mouse, which has a mutation (Cys96Tyr) in the insulin 2 gene (Ins2Akita), is a model for diabetes. The male Akita mouse has diabetes, while females develop mild diabetes. This study aimed to investigate renal complications in the Akita mouse model, which has been maintained in a heterozygous state Ins2Akita (+/−) with a C57BL/6 background (B6). Renal function (BUN, creatinine), serum IgA concentrations and histological changes in the kidneys were evaluated in diabetic and control mice in a B6 background. Five each of male and female mice per group (diabetes vs. control) were killed at 10, 20, 30 and 40 weeks of age. The influence of major histocompatibility antigens (MHC) on renal complications was tested using male diabetic mice in a C3H/He (C3H) background. When compared with controls, diabetic males, but not females, developed impaired renal function with elevation of serum IgA after 30 weeks of age. Diabetic glomerulosclerosis advanced with age in both sexes. Diffuse granular mesangial deposits of IgA were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy in diabetic males after 20 weeks. We tested whether the IgA-associated lesions were influenced by MHC using diabetic males in a C3H background. Similar degrees of diabetic glomerulosclerosis and glomerular IgA deposition were found in mice with C3H and B6 backgrounds. Akita mouse is a unique mouse model showing both mesangial sclerosis and IgA nephropathy.

著者

マーカム ディアナ B.:著 高木 和子:訳

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.9-16, 2003

被引用文献数

2

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この20~30年,デジタル情報テクノロジーが図書館に大きな変革をもたらしている。そして,電子情報サービスをサポートする技術インフラも整備されてきている。こういった状況にあって図書館は,利用者の情報ニーズに合った図書館サービスをどう決定していくか。図書館がデジタル革命を十分に利用するための諸方策はどうあるべきか。これらに対処することが図書館リーダーに求められており,またリーダーシップをどう高めるかは大きな課題であり,関心事である。新しいリーダーを教育,訓練するさまざまな開発プログラムが米国で出現しており,すでに実施されている。例えば,ACRL/ハーバードリーダーシップ専門講座,NLMのアソシエート・フェローシップ・プログラム,シラキューズ大学の夏期専門講座などである。著者はこれら9つのプログラムを紹介する。加えて,1999年に開始された,大学図書館のリーダー,管理者を対象とするフライ・リーダーシップ専門講座についてそのカリキュラムと成果を詳しく述べる。また,日本人も参加できるモーテンソン・センター国際図書館リーダーシッププログラムについても詳しく紹介する。

著者

A B C

出版者

小学館

雑誌

週刊ポスト

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.42, pp.48-50, 2011-10-21

著者

John Foley David B Vasily Jeanna Bradle Catharine Rudio R Glen Calderhead

出版者

International Phototherapy Association

雑誌

LASER THERAPY (ISSN:08985901)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.35-42, 2016 (Released:2016-03-31)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3 16

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Background and Aims: For any committed athlete, getting back to conditioning and participation post-injury (return to play [RTP]) needs to be as swift as possible. The effects of near-infrared lightemitting diode (LED) therapy on pain control, blood flow enhancement and relaxation of muscle spasm (all aspects in the treatment of musculoskeletal injury) have attracted attention. The present pilot study was undertaken to assess the role of 830 nm LED phototherapy in safely accelerating RTP in injured university athletes.Subjects and Methods: Over a 15-month period, a total of 395 injuries including sprains, strains, ligament damage, tendonitis and contusions were treated with 1,669 sessions of 830 nm LED phototherapy (mean of 4.3 treatments per injury, range 2 - 6). Efficacy was measured with pain attenuation on a visual analog scale (VAS) and the RTP period compared with historically-based anticipated RTP with conventional therapeutic intervention.Results: A full set of treatment sessions and follow-up data was able to be recorded in 65 informed and consenting subjects who achieved pain relief on the VAS of up to 6 points in from 2-6 sessions. The average LED-mediated RTP in the 65 subjects was significantly shorter at 9.6 days, compared with the mean anticipated RTP of 19.23 days (p = 0.0066, paired two-tailed Student’s t-test).A subjective satisfaction survey was carried out among the 112 students with injuries incurred from January to May, 2015. Eighty-eight (78.5%) were either very satisfied or satisfied, and only 8 (7.2%) were dissatisfied.Conclusions: For any motivated athlete, RTP may be the most important factor postinjury based on the resolution of pain and inflammation and repair to tissue trauma. 830 nm LED phototherapy significantly and safely reduced the RTP in dedicated university athletes over a wide range of injuries with no adverse events. One limitation of the present study was the subjective nature of the assessments, and the lack of any control groups. However, further controlled studies are warranted to enable confirmation and generalization of the very good results in the present study.

著者

小林 真生子 那須 智子 Greenthumb B. 沖津 進

出版者

千葉大学園芸学部

雑誌

食と緑の科学 (ISSN:18808824)

巻号頁・発行日

no.67, pp.35-42, 2013-03

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近年,海岸部の埋め立て地域は工場や港湾施設の他に,千葉県千葉市の海浜幕張地区や千葉県浦安市,東京都品川区のように,住宅地としても利用されている。これらの地域は高層住宅や商業施設が建設され,人口が密集する地域でもある。人工的な埋立地では,樹木を植栽しなければ緑がなく,街路樹の重要性は,斜面林や社寺林や屋敷林などが残る内陸部の非埋立地よりも大きいといえる。海岸部の街路樹は,潮風を緩和したり,埋立地の景観を改善したりするうえで重要である。本研究では,千葉県千葉市の海岸部埋め立て地域に植栽された針葉樹1種と広葉樹9種の街路樹の10年間の生育状態の調査結果を報告し,関東地方の海岸部埋め立て地域の街路樹種として適する樹種を考察した。

著者

Ajay B. Limaye Jean-Louis Grimaud Yuhei Komatsu Chris Paola

出版者

日本地球惑星科学連合

雑誌

JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017

巻号頁・発行日

2017-03-10

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Submarine channels convey turbidity currents, whose deposits are key hydrocarbon reservoirs and indirect records of continental denudation. Submarine channel patterns resemble those of their subaerial counterparts, but controls on the form and dynamics of submarine channels and associated deposits remain comparatively uncertain. Existing laboratory experiments show that braided channels can develop under similarly high flow width-to-depth ratios for both subaerial and submarine conditions. We conducted a new set of experiments with net-depositional density currents to (1) further test the conditions for channel formation; (2) test the response of channel and bar geometry to changes in the ratio of water-to-sediment flux, inlet conditions, and submarine versus subaerial conditions; and (3) quantify the relative timescales of channel lateral migration, abandonment, and aggradation. We generated density currents within a freshwater basin using saline inflows that transported plastic sediment as bedload across a platform 2 m long and 1 m wide. We find that across a 2.7-fold range in the ratio of water-to-sediment flux, submarine braided channels consistently develop, are more pronounced upstream, and can transition to zones of sheet flow downstream. We measured topographic statistics directly, and using a reduced-complexity flow model. The topographic analysis showed that braiding index is higher for subaerial than for submarine conditions with other variables fixed. For a representative submarine experiment, channel lateral motion decorrelated in double the time to move laterally one channel width, and one-third the time to aggrade one channel depth. We propose a new stratigraphic model for submarine braided channels, wherein sand bodies are more laterally connected and less vertically persistent compared to those formed by submarine meandering channels. These results suggest that channel pattern is a key variable for predicting stratigraphic architecture in submarine environments.

著者

J.N. SINHA B.P. JAJU R.C. SRIMAL

出版者

(社)日本薬理学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology (ISSN:00215198)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.250-256, 1966-09-01 (Released:2007-02-02)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 1

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Hafliger (1) synthesized a series of iminodibenzyl compounds which were found to possess antihistaminic, anticholinergic, sedative and analgesic properties. It was only after a clinical trial by Kuhn (2) that G 22355 (imipramine) “emerged as an antidepressant”. The exact mechanism of the antidepressant action of imipramine (IMI), its derivative desmethylimipramine (DMI) and its analogue amitriptyline (AMI) is not yet established. These agents have been shown to antagonise reserpine induced muscular rigidity and this effect has been attributed to their central cholinolytic activity (3, 4). Another structurally related antidepressant, orphenadrine, has been reported to possess both central (5) and peripheral (6) muscle relaxant properties. We have, earlier, reported the inhibition of myoneural transmissson by IMI, DMI and AMI (7). Prolonged inhibition of linguomandibular reflex by low doses of these agents as compared to short lived action of mephenesin (8) prompted us to find out if these agents fulfill all the criteria essential for a central muscle relaxant. Accordingly, these drugs were subjected to various test procedures like effect on behaviour, effect on polysynaptic linguomandibular reflex, effect on facilitatory influence of reticular formation on patellar reflex and the effect on decerebrate muscular rigidity in cat.

著者

[by Paul Kiparsky John Robert Ross and James D. McCawley] edited by Osamu Fujimura with the assistance of Donald L. Smith S.I. Harada Julie B. Lovins

出版者

TEC

巻号頁・発行日

1973

著者

RADOCY Robert B. 月城 慶一

出版者

Japanese Society of Prosthetics and Orthotics

雑誌

日本義肢装具学会誌 = Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Prosthetic and Orthotic Education, Research and Development (ISSN:09104720)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.205-209, 2007-07-01

被引用文献数

1

著者

(B)浅田 貴斗 市川 義人 伊藤 健治 冨田 一義 成田 哲生 加地 徹 加藤 正史

出版者

応用物理学会

雑誌

2017年第64回応用物理学会春季学術講演会

巻号頁・発行日

2017-02-03

著者

Utaroh Motosugi Diego Hernando Curtis Wiens Peter Bannas Scott. B Reeder

出版者

日本磁気共鳴医学会

雑誌

Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences (ISSN:13473182)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.mp.2016-0081, (Released:2017-02-13)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

9

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Purpose: To determine whether high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) acquisitions improve the repeatability of liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) measurements using confounder-corrected chemical shift-encoded magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (CSE-MRI).Materials and Methods: Eleven fat-water phantoms were scanned with 8 different protocols with varying SNR. After repositioning the phantoms, the same scans were repeated to evaluate the test-retest repeatability. Next, an in vivo study was performed with 20 volunteers and 28 patients scheduled for liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two CSE-MRI protocols with standard- and high-SNR were repeated to assess test-retest repeatability. MR spectroscopy (MRS)-based PDFF was acquired as a standard of reference. The standard deviation (SD) of the difference (Δ) of PDFF measured in the two repeated scans was defined to ascertain repeatability. The correlation between PDFF of CSE-MRI and MRS was calculated to assess accuracy. The SD of Δ and correlation coefficients of the two protocols (standard- and high-SNR) were compared using F-test and t-test, respectively. Two reconstruction algorithms (complex-based and magnitude-based) were used for both the phantom and in vivo experiments.Results: The phantom study demonstrated that higher SNR improved the repeatability for both complex- and magnitude-based reconstruction. Similarly, the in vivo study demonstrated that the repeatability of the high-SNR protocol (SD of Δ = 0.53 for complex- and = 0.85 for magnitude-based fit) was significantly higher than using the standard-SNR protocol (0.77 for complex, P < 0.001; and 0.94 for magnitude-based fit, P = 0.003). No significant difference was observed in the accuracy between standard- and high-SNR protocols.Conclusion: Higher SNR improves the repeatability of fat quantification using confounder-corrected CSE-MRI.

著者

John B. MORRIS Joseph A. CICHOCKI Gregory J. SMITH

出版者

日本毒性学会

雑誌

日本毒性学会学術年会 第43回日本毒性学会学術年会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.S2-1, 2016 (Released:2016-08-08)

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That respiratory defense mechanisms are stimulated by oxidants/electrophiles has long been appreciated. Our work has focused on characterizing two such defense pathways from an inhalation toxicological perspective: 1) neuronal reflex responses, initiated by the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptor, and 2) cellular antioxidant defenses initiated via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2). TRPA1 and NRF2 are oxidant sensitive receptors expressed throughout the respiratory tract. They are activated by reactive inhaled agents (acrolein) or by local metabolic activation of inhaled or systemically delivered agents (naphthalene, acetaminophen). Exposure to inhaled and systemic oxidants in combination results in synergistic TRPA1 and NRF2 responses. Oxidant responses have also been characterized among respiratory tract regions and between electrophiles with differing reactivity. When normalized to delivered dose, inhaled oxidant/electrophile induction of pro-inflammatory genes is similar throughout the airways, however, differences exist in the NRF2-dependent antioxidant gene induction patterns between regions. Activation of both TRPA1 and NRF2 depends on toxicant interaction with sulfhydryl moieties. The oxidant exposure levels necessary for activation of TRPA1 and NRF2 responses are similar suggesting both oxidant sensors are of comparable sensitivity. While soft electrophiles, such as acrolein, react with sulfhydryls, hard electrophiles, such as diacetyl, do not. Unlike acrolein, inhaled diacetyl is only a weak activator of either neuronal reflexes or NRF2 pathways, suggesting the chemical electrophilic reactivity profiles of TRPA1 and NRF2 are comparable. Overall, the oxidant sensitive receptors TRPA1 and NRF2 demonstrate many toxicologically relevant similarities

著者

David M. Boland Eric V. Neufeld Jack Ruddell Brett A. Dolezal Christopher B. Cooper

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.12, pp.3398-3402, 2016 (Released:2016-12-27)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

35

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[Purpose] To determine the intra- and inter-rater agreement of a mobile application, PostureScreen Mobile® (PSM), that assesses static standing posture. [Subjects and Methods] Three examiners with different levels of experience of assessing posture, one licensed physical therapist and two untrained undergraduate students, performed repeated postural assessments of 10 subjects, fully clothed or minimally clothed, using PSM on two nonconsecutive days. Anterior and right lateral images were captured and seventeen landmarks were identified on them. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for each of 13 postural measures to evaluate inter-rater agreement on the first visit (fully or minimally clothed), as well as intra-rater agreement between the first and second visits (minimally clothed). [Results] Eleven postural measures were ultimately analyzed for inter- and intra-rater agreement. Inter-rater agreement was almost perfect (ICC≥0.81) for four measures and substantial (0.60<ICC≤0.80) for three measures during the fully clothed exam. During the minimally clothed exam, inter-rater agreement was almost perfect for four measures and substantial for four measures. Intra-rater agreement between two minimally clothed exams was almost perfect for two measures and substantial for five measures. [Conclusion] PSM is a widely available, inexpensive postural screening tool that requires little formal training. To maximize inter- and intra-rater agreement, postural screening using this mobile application should be conducted with subjects wearing minimal clothing. Assessing static standing posture via PSM gives repeatable measures for anatomical landmarks that were found to have substantial or almost perfect agreement. Our data also suggest that this technology may also be useful for diagnosing forward head posture.

著者

外間 数男 カバゼーロ フアナ Hokama Kazuo Caballero Juana B. 元JICAパラグアイ事務所 パラグアイ農牧省農業普及局

出版者

沖縄農業研究会

雑誌

沖縄農業 (ISSN:13441477)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.33-38, 2011-08

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今回確認した野菜の加害鳥はハイイロイカル Saltator coerulescens, ハイガシラソライロフウキンチョウ Thraupis sayaca,キバラツグミ Turdus amaurochalinus, ナンベイコマツグミ Turdus rufiventris の4種である.またイチゴ生産農家の聞き取り調査では,キバラオオタイランチョウ Pitangus sulphuratus, マミジロマネシツグミ Mimus saturninus, テリバネコウウチョウ Molothrus bonariensis,コウカンチョウ Paroaria coronata, クロガミインコ Nandayus nenday, ハシブトルリハシインコ Forpus xanthopterygius, オキナインコ Myiopsitta monachusなど7種が加害鳥とされた.

著者

フランク・B.ギブニー編

出版者

ティビーエス・ブリタニカ

巻号頁・発行日

1972

著者

Hebert S. C. Fabre Ricardo L. Navarro Paula V.P. Oltramari-Navarro Rodrigo F. Oliveira Deise A. A. Pires-Oliveira Rodrigo A. C. Andraus Nelson Fuirini Karen B. P. Fernandes

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.1645-1648, 2015 (Released:2015-06-30)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 44

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[Purpose] This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of intraoral application of low-level laser therapy (660 nm) to control pain, swelling and interincisal opening following the extraction of mandibular third molars. [Subjects and Methods] Ten patients underwent removal of lower third molars using the same surgical protocol and pharmacological approach. In the postoperative period, all patients received four consecutive daily sessions of low-level laser therapy, beginning 24 hours after the surgery. Intraoral applications using the diode laser with 660 nm wavelength in the continuous scan mode were performed covering the entire surgical area, which was divided into four quadrants, each of 1 cm2 area at a distance of 1 cm. The energy applied at each point was 5 J/cm2 during 8 seconds. [Results] The swelling and interincisal opening returned to normal 24 hours after the first low-level laser therapy application (Friedman test). Moreover, the pain intensity was reduced on the third postoperative day, according to the Friedman test. [Conclusion] Low-level laser therapy (660 nm), at the dosimetry used in this study, was effective in reducing postoperative pain and swelling following oral surgery.