著者

柳沢 修 高橋 英幸 宮永 豊

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第52回(2001) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.303, 2001-08-10 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

高橋 健夫 長谷川 悦示 刈谷 三郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.29-37, 1994-05-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

12 10

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The present study is on a method of the evaluation of physical education classes by students. Some efficient instruments for the summative evaluation have already been developed. However, the reliable instrument for the formative evaluation seems to be missing. Therefore, we intended to develop a convenient and effective instrument for formative evaluation of physical education class which can be used in each teaching unit. The subjects were 1428 pupils from 42 classes in 6 elementary schools. They were asked to answer a questionnaire which contained 28 items on the instructional objectives and the ways of learning after each physical education class in the middle part of the teaching units. Four factors were extracted by means of factor analysis. Those were 1) motivation, 2) outcome, 3) ways of learning, and 4) cooperation. These factors were almost consistent with the standards of evaluation in the guidelines issued by the Japanese Ministry of Education and also with those of the instrument for summative evaluation developed in our previous research. Four factor scores showed significant and positive relationships with those of the comprehensive evaluation items concerning good or effective instruction. Thus, the factors were interpreted as effective standards for formative evaluation. A simplified questionnaire which consisted of 12 items from the 4 factors was constructed as a practical instrument of formative evaluation in elementary school physical education classes.

著者

西 泰信 岩井 圭司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.483-499, 2012 (Released:2012-12-05)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to identify psychological factors that contribute to the development of sub-clinical primary exercise dependence among Japanese exercisers. Most studies of exercise dependence follow a top-down, quantitative, hypothesis-verification approach. The present study, in contrast, used a qualitative method, the Grounded Theory Approach. Dialogue data were collected from 14 exercisers who were evaluated for sub-clinical primary exercise dependence in semi-structured interviews and analyzed by classifying them into categories. Through these steps, seven types as psychological factors were identified as leading to sub-clinical primary exercise dependence among Japanese exercisers: dependence, obsessive-compulsiveness, conflict avoidance, maintenance of a positive self-concept, perceieved benefit of exercise, limited stress-coping resource, and typical increase in exercise volume. It was also found that dependence and obsessive-compulsiveness play a crucial and direct role in the development of sub-clinical primary exercise dependence, and that conflict avoidance and maintenance of a positive self-concept can precipitate obsessive-compulsiveness. Finally, a perceived benefit of exercise was shown to be an integral component of dependence.

著者

藤川 誠勝 石部 安浩 伊藤 昭子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, 1966

著者

石部 安浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, 1966

著者

篠原 正志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.7, pp.166-167, 1957

著者

森下 義隆 勝亦 陽一 神事 努

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.463-474, 2019-12-16 (Released:2019-12-20)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of the present study was to clarify the influence of swing parameters by changing the hitting point in space in baseball batting. Twenty-eight skilled baseball players (12 professional and 16 universitylevel) participated. The participants were instructed to hit a ball that was tossed from 5 m away in the direction of the pitching mound. The balls were tossed to various locations with reference to the home plate. The participants were required to hit the balls in a specific direction according to the tossed course, i.e., a ball tossed to the inside of a home plate was stroked toward the same-field direction and one tossed outside of the home plate was stroked toward the opposite-field direction. The motions of the ball and bat during these attempts were recorded using a motion capture system operating at 500 Hz. The 3D coordinates of the ball center (hitting point) and the swing parameters included the speed of the head of the bat (bat-head speed) and the angle of the swing from a horizontal line (swing angle) measured immediately before ball impact and the time from the start of the swing to ball impact (swing time). These parameters were calculated in each trial. Analysis of a total of 644 trials revealed that the bathead speed tended to increase as the hitting point moved inside, forward, and low. Furthermore, the swing angle and swing time tended to increase as the hitting point moved inside, forward, and high. Stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the bat-head speed and swing angle were independently associated with (in the following order) the distance in the pitcher’s direction, the hitting height, and the inside-outside direction course (R2=.360 and R2=.589, respectively). These results suggest that the timing of swing initiation and bat acceleration during a swing motion are the main factors changing the swing parameters, and that in order to sharp hit a ball, it is important to impact the ball with the hitting point as close to the pitcher as possible.

著者

仲田 直樹 三嶋 康嗣 横山 喬之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20004, (Released:2020-10-09)

著者

東明 有美 野川 春夫 工藤 康宏 上代 圭子 秋吉 遼子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, pp.74_1, 2017

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<p> 2012ロンドンオリンピックでは、サウジアラビアから初の女性選手が参加しこと(ロイター、2012年7月29日)や、開催期間がムスリムが断食をおこなうラマダンの期間と重なったことで、イスラム教徒(ムスリム)選手への注目が集まった(読売新聞、2012年8月2日)。</p><p> 日本で開催される2020オリンピック・パラリンピックにおいても多くのムスリム選手の参加が予想される中、現在日本では異文化理解のための教育プログラムが実施されているが、イスラム文化に対する理解は乏しいのが現状であり、ムスリムとスポーツに関する情報についても極めて限定的である(斉藤,2014)。</p><p> 欧米では、特にムスリム女性を対象として、ムスリムとスポーツ参加に関する研究が行われている(Sfeir,、1985;Kay、2006;Jiwani、2011)。</p><p> したがって本研究では、イスラムとスポーツに関する情報収集を行い今後の基礎資料とすることを目的とし、諸外国におけるイスラムとスポーツの関係に関する研究動向を検討する。</p>

著者

吉岡 利貢 中垣 浩平 向井 直樹 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.89-98, 2009-06-30 (Released:2009-11-05)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

4 5

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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between muscle morphological characteristics and running performance. Eighteen elite Japanese male distance runners (10000 m, seasonal best time 29:39.74±0:32.54) completed five 4-min submaximal and approximately 10-min maximal progressive treadmill tests to determine running economy (VO2 at submaximal velocity) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Axial images of the trunk, thigh and shank muscles were taken by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). From these images, cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the psoas major, quadriceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus muscle, hamstring, sartoris, adductor magnus, adductor longus, gracilis, triceps surae, soleus and gastrocnemius were measured. The CSAs were divided by lean-body-mass0.67 measured by air-displacement plethysmography. The mean running economy (VO2 at 310 m/min) was 70.9 ml/kgLBM/min and VO2max was 82.0±4.3 ml/kgLBM/min (76.1±3.2 ml/kgBM/min). Simple correlation analysis revealed a negative association between hamstring CSA and 10000 m time (r=−0.681, p<0.05). On the other hand, quadriceps femoris CSA was positively associated with 10000 m time (r=0.637, p<0.05). Furthermore, triceps surae CSA was significantly correlated with running economy (r=0.573, p<0.05). Thus, these results suggest that hamstring CSA can explain long distance as well as sprint performance.

著者

木村 吉次

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第64回(2013) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.93, 2013-08-28 (Released:2017-04-06)

著者

藤田 英二 赤嶺 卓哉 高井 洋平 川西 正志 Dennis R. Taaffe 柳沼 悠 山本 正嘉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.797-806, 2019-12-16 (Released:2019-12-20)

参考文献数

26

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Here, in comparison with community-dwelling middle-aged and older men, we investigated the skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral density of a Japanese alpinist (Mr. A) who, at the age of 80 years, is to date the oldest person to have climbed to the summit of Mount Everest (8,848 m). Using dual X-ray absorptiometry, we determined the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), total bone mineral density (tBMD), whole body fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) of Mr. A (84.6 yr) and 209 community-dwelling middle-aged and older men (50-79 yr, mean age: 68.1 yr). The SMI, tBMD, FFMI and FMI were 8.79 kg/m2, 1.075 g/cm2, 22.3 kg/m2 and 9.8 kg/m2, respectively, in Mr. A and 7.46 ± 0.81 kg/m2, 1.020 ± 0.100 g/cm2, 18.1 ± 1.9 kg/m2 and 5.5 ± 1.7 kg/m2, respectively, in the community-dwelling middle-aged and older men. The values in Mr. A were higher than those in the community-dwelling middle-aged and older men, with z-scores for the SMI and tBMD of 1.63 and 0.55, respectively. Mr. A maintained a high skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral density even at the age of 84 years, which may have been attributable in part to his long-term training for mountain climbing.

著者

大貫 秀明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第46回(1995) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.146, 1995-09-10 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

川端 浩一 伊藤 章

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.11097, (Released:2012-09-29)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

5 1

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A study was conducted to investigate differences in bat swing between the use of long and short bat grip positions. Fifteen male baseball players were videotaped at 250 Hz using two high-speed video cameras while they were batting balls placed on a batting tee and pitched at 80, 100, and 120 km/h by a pitching machine. The bat head and grip end were digitized, and the three-dimensional coordinates were calculated using the direct linear transformation (DLT) method. Bat head velocity at impact employing the long grip position was significantly higher than that when the short grip position was used, but grip velocity and bat angular velocity at impact employing the short grip position were significantly higher than those when the long grip position was used, independent of pitching speed. These findings suggest that bat head velocity at impact was affected mainly by the radius of gyration. Bat head velocity at impact using both grip positions decreased significantly as pitching speed increased. This may have reflected the efforts of the players to improve batting accuracy, since the bat head velocity at impact was significantly lower for the short grip position than for the long grip position at all pitching speeds. These results regarding the relationship between speed and accuracy indicate that the short grip position is advantageous for improving batting accuracy.

著者

太田 洋一 中本 浩揮

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.527-537, 2015 (Released:2015-12-18)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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This study aimed to clarify the effects of changing to a short bat grip position from the long bat grip position on baseball bat swing timing, peak ground reaction force with the front leg, and activation of the upper and lower limb muscles.   Nine male college baseball players participated in this study. By using a batting simulator, the coincident timing task was to swing the bat coincidentally with the arrival timing of a moving target by using the long or short bat grip position. The batter performed 10 sets of 4 swings for a total of 40 swings for the coincident timing task. During the four swings, the batter swung the bat by using the long grip position in the first, second, and fourth swings. Only in the third swing did the batter use the short grip position. The ground reaction force with the front leg was measured, and electromyograms of the upper and lower limb muscles were obtained during the coincident timing task.   Our results indicated no significant differences in absolute and variable timing errors between the long and short bat grip positions. In contrast, the constant timing error was significantly increased with the short bat grip position. Moreover, the time to peak ground reaction force and time to peak muscle activation of both the upper and lower limb muscles were significantly delayed when the short bat grip position was employed. Significant positive relationships were observed between the constant timing error and time to peak ground reaction force, which showed differences between the second and third swings. No significant difference in swing time was observed between the long and short bat grip positions.   These findings indicate that changing to the short bat grip position from the long bat grip position will not improve the batter's swing timing. Furthermore, changing to the short bat grip position could delay the batter's swing timing, probably because the change causes a delay in swing preparation.

著者

楠戸 一彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.4, pp.292-297, 1997-11-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

著者

奥田 愛子 中込 四郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第67回(2016) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.138_3, 2016 (Released:2017-02-24)

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後年の競技へのコミットメントの様式と自伝的記憶(原風景、スポーツ原体験、等)との関係性について明らかにすることを目的として、これまで本研究者らは多様な角度から検討を加えてきた。本研究では、成人期まで同一のスポーツキャリア経験(ともに同一種目において思春期から大学卒業後の企業所属のアスリートとして活躍)を重ねてきた2組(A・B)の一卵性双生児アスリートの自伝的記憶について、質問紙ならびに面接を通してその特徴を検討した。その結果、2組の双生児間での原風景は同一で、それは高い力動性を伴う活動であり、相互のかかわり合いが認められる内容であった。また、スポーツ原体験では達成感や競合へのモチベーションの体験が語られ、幼少期の体験をその後の身体活動への興味関心へとつなげていた。つまり、後年まで継続されるキャリアと同様に自伝的記憶においても強い重なりが認められた。さらに競技キャリアでの双生児間の関係性について、「一人よりは二人の方が頑張れる。心強い存在」(A)、「二人で一緒に頑張るという姿勢はずっとある。<略>お互いにライバルという感じはなかった」(B)と語っており、そこでもまた重なりが認められた。

著者

小林 日出至郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, 1988

著者

三井 梨紗子 北村 勝朗 水落 文夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, pp.141_3, 2019

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<p> 多くのスポーツ競技で女性エリート選手の競技力は向上しているが、スポーツ競技現場の指導者およびスポーツ組織の意思決定機関において活躍する女性は依然として少ない(山口, 2013)。この課題の背景には、優秀な女性指導者の指導にみられる有利性の存在や、その特徴に対する不十分な認識があると考えられる。とりわけ、スポーツ集団の指導で優秀な競技成績を達成する例が注目されていることから、現状では優れた女性指導者による女性スポーツ集団および選手への指導を理解することが期待される。本研究は、スポーツ採点競技における女性スポーツ集団に対する優れた女性指導者の指導観および指導方略について、定性的な研究法を用いて可視化することを目的とする。この目的を達成するために、女性スポーツ集団および選手に対する女性指導者という関係で、長期にわたり世界トップレベルの競技成績を維持するアーティスティックスイミング競技(採点競技)に着目し、その指導者を調査対象として選定した。インタビューデータから37の標題が得られ、3つのカテゴリーと8つのサブカテゴリーに分類された。その結果、対象女性指導者の指導観および指導の視点が明らかになった。</p>

著者

蔭山 雅洋 大石 祥寛 亀田 麻依 藤井 雅文 北 哲也 前田 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19102, (Released:2020-08-05)