著者

伊藤 直樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.1, pp.79-85, 2017 (Released:2017-04-25)

参考文献数

25

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This study aimed to compare information provided on student counseling center websites of universities and colleges in Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Taiwan. A survey was conducted on websites of 315 centers in Japan, 282 centers in the United States, 70 centers in the United Kingdom and 61 centers in Taiwan. Trends in the provision of information on websites in each country were analyzed and compared for the rate and quantity of information published. Results of multiple correspondence analyses indicated two basic dimensions of information that could effectively distinguish information provided in the four countries. These were provision of necessary information and provision of information for use of individual counseling or support of community. Finally, issues related to websites in student counseling centers of Japanese universities and colleges are discussed.

著者

杉森 伸吉 渡辺 聡

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.4, pp.261-269, 1994-10-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

15

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This experiment tested the hypothesis that the larger the size of aircraft accidents, the more overestimated the frequency of the accidents, as well as their associated risk. Ten descriptions of fatal accidents in which everyone died, and 30 of non-fatal ones in which several were injured, some seriously, were used as experimental stimuli. The independent variable was the size of fatal accidents. An average of 250 passengeres were killed in the large disaster condition, while only 40 were killed in the small one, but the likelihood of death was kept constant across the size conditions. Subjects judged the frequencies of fatal and non-fatal accidents as well as the ratio of the former to the latter, rated risks associated with the airlines, and estimated as a manipulation check the average number of passengeres in the stimulus descriptions. Results strongly supported the hypothesis. Subjects in the large disaster condition overestimated the frequency and risk of both fatal and non-fatal accidents. It was concluded that the stronger fear aroused in the large disaster condition heightened the availability of accident information, and resulted in the illusory correlation between the accident size and its associated risk.

著者

大六 一志 山中 克夫 前川 久男 藤田 和弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第70回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3AM047, 2006-11-03 (Released:2018-07-03)

著者

永野 惣一 藤 桂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.5, pp.463-473, 2016 (Released:2016-12-25)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2 2

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This study examined the hypothesis that communicating with the weak ties promotes professional self-efficacy and work engagement, which mediates reflection of one’s past career. As a preliminary survey, semi-structured interviews were conducted with incumbent employees and analyzed regarding career reflection arising from communication with weak ties. As part of this survey, Japanese employees (n = 340) were asked to respond to questionnaires that measured communication between weak ties, career reflection, professional self-efficacy, and work engagement. Factor analysis of the scores for career reflection extracted four factors: re-evaluation of own work styles, rebuilding of non-work activities, improvement of work autonomy, and evocation of work crisis awareness. Covariance structure analysis indicated that communication about work-related contents and expectations of the future with weak ties promoted the re-evaluation of the employees’ own work styles, which was shown to promote professional self-efficacy and work engagement. These results support the original hypothesis and suggest that communicating with weak ties is an important resource for promoting positive change in employees’ sense of work.

著者

大石 千歳 吉田 富二雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.6, pp.445-453, 2001-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

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Based on social identity theory (Tajfel, 1978), it is expected that black sheep effect occurs only in cases where ingroup members are compared with outgroup individuals. In study 1, 112 female student nurses were divided into two groups, and evaluated both outgroup and ingroup individuals (outgroup-ingroup condition), or ingroup members only (ingroup-only condition). Black sheep effect was found only in the outgroup-ingroup condition. Ingroup members in the condition were evaluated more extremely than those in the ingroup-only condition, and there was no significant difference between the evaluations of outgroup individuals in the outgroup-ingroup condition and ingroup members in the ingroup-only condition. The results confirmed the ingroup-outgroup comparison prediction. In study 2, in addition to rating four individuals, desirable or undesirable and ingroup or outgroup, 86 female student nurses were asked to indicate the importance of their own social identity. Mack sheep effect was observed, with perception of ingroup homogeneity strengthening ingroup identification, thereby facilitating black sheep effect. These findings support Turners self categorization theory (1982) as an explanation of the mechanism for black sheep effect.

著者

齊藤 崇子 中村 知靖 遠藤 利彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.6, pp.517-522, 2005-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

5 7

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The present study examined whether scores on big five personality factors correlated with face-recognition response time in visual search paradigm. Sixty adjectives were used to measure personality scores of 60 participants along the five factors of Extroversion, Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Picture of human faces or geometrical figures in a 4×4 array were used as stimuli. The sixteen faces or figures were either identical (absent condition) or one randomly placed target with 15 identical distracters (present condition). Participants were asked to respond ‘present’ or ‘absent’ as fast and accurately as possible. Results showed that the response time differed significantly between high and low groups of each personality factor except Agreeableness. For Extroversion, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness, the response time difference was observed only for human face recognition. The results suggested that personality differences and face recognition were related.

著者

品田 瑞穂 山岸 俊男 谷田 林士 高橋 知里 犬飼 佳吾 小泉 径子 横田 晋大 三船 恒裕 高岸 治人 堀田 結孝 橋本 博文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.2, pp.149-157, 2010 (Released:2010-09-09)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1 1

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Cooperation in interdependent relationships is based on reciprocity in repeated interactions. However, cooperation in one-shot relationships cannot be explained by reciprocity. Frank, Gilovich, & Regan (1993) argued that cooperative behavior in one-shot interactions can be adaptive if cooperators displayed particular signals and people were able to distinguish cooperators from non-cooperators by decoding these signals. We argue that attractiveness and facial expressiveness are signals of cooperators. We conducted an experiment to examine if these signals influence the detection accuracy of cooperative behavior. Our participants (blind to the target's behavior in a Trust Game) viewed 30-seconds video-clips. Each video-clip was comprised of a cooperator and a non-cooperator in a Trust Game. The participants judged which one of the pair gave more money to the other participant. We found that participants were able to detect cooperators with a higher accuracy than chance. Furthermore, participants rated male non-cooperators as more attractive than male cooperators, and rated cooperators more expressive than non-cooperators. Further analyses showed that attractiveness inhibited detection accuracy while facial expressiveness fostered it.

著者

寺田 香菜 岩淵 千明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第72回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1EV188, 2008-09-19 (Released:2018-09-29)

著者

山岡 重行

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第76回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2AMB35, 2012-09-11 (Released:2020-12-29)

著者

谷上 亜紀

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.17401, (Released:2018-05-25)

参考文献数

70

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People may mistakenly regard a previously known idea as their own: this phenomenon is called “cryptomnesia.” This paper reviews cryptomnesia-related experimental studies that originated with the pioneering work of Brown and Murphy (1989). Previous research has specified the factors that increase or decrease the incidence of cryptomnesia. These studies found that the cognitive processes underlying the phenomenon of cryptomnesia are complicated and involve various factors such as the evaluation of memory trace strength, the nature of memory representation, the credibility of the originator, the experimenter's instructions, and feelings. These findings also provide some suggestions for exploring how to reduce the incidence of cryptomnesia and performing further research.

著者

外山 美樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.3, pp.256-266, 2013-08-25 (Released:2013-11-01)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

23 10

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This study reports about the construction of a bidimensional measure of optimism and pessimism (defined as positive and negative outcome expectancies), called the Japanese Optimism and Pessimism Scale (J-OPS), and examines its reliability and validity. The participants were college students. The results revealed the following: (a) the J-OPS had sufficient reliability and validity, (b) optimism and pessimism were bidimensional in structure, (c) the general pattern of correlations with external criteria of psychological well-being (positive and negative affectivity). After controlling for optimism and pessimism respectively, it indicated that these two constructs were partially independent of each other. Namely, optimism, but not pessimism, was found to be a consistent predictor of positive affectivity (psychological well-being), whereas pessimism, but not optimism, was found to be a predictor of negative affectivity (psychological distress).

著者

田渕 恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.93.21328, (Released:2022-09-30)

参考文献数

21

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The purpose of this study was to examine the similarity in chronic regulatory focus (promotion/prevention) among mothers and daughters of young, middle, and older ages. A survey was conducted using the shortened 10- item form of the Japanese version of the promotion/prevention focus scale, and 77 sets of grandmothers (77.79 ± 5.61 years), their daughters (49.26 ± 4.12 years), and their granddaughters (20.17 ± 3.89 years) were studied as a part of the analysis. I compared scores on the promotion/prevention focus scale between grandmothers and their daughters (older age group) and granddaughters and their mothers (younger age group). The results show that the strength of a daughters’ promotion and prevention focus was similar to that of their mothers’ in the younger age group. On the other hand, only the strength of daughters’ prevention focus was similar to that of their mothers’ in the older age group. The results of this study suggest that daughters may be similar to their mothers, as they age, in their strategies to adapt to changes that focus on loss and risk.

著者

清水 榮長

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学雑誌 (ISSN:18841074)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.T3, no.11, pp.249-342, 1925 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

27

著者

楠 弘〓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学雑誌 (ISSN:18841074)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.T2, no.6, pp.157-253, 1924 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

37

著者

クレム ・オットー

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学雑誌 (ISSN:18841074)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.T1, no.4, pp.539-553, 1923-12-01 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

元吉 忠寛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第84回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.PC-153, 2020-09-08 (Released:2021-12-08)

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福島県内では不安感は低減してきているが,県外の地域ではまだ十分に不安は低くなっていない(元吉,2019)。県外の人々は,福島の放射線リスクに関する情報を得た場合には,むしろネガティブな効果を生んでしまう可能性はないだろうか。本研究では,福島に関するネガティブ情報とポジティブ情報をプライミングした場合の福島に対する不安の低減効果についてWEB実験によって検討した。首都圏在住の男女1500名を対象に,プライム刺激として,ポジティブ条件では福島県の観光地に関する情報を,ネガティブ条件では福島県の放射線に関する情報を,統制条件では2019年の流行語について,それぞれ10個の認知度を4件法でたずねた。その後,福島第一原発事故の影響を考えた場合に,福島県の農作物を食べること,水揚げされた魚介類を食べること,旅行に行くこと,住むことにどの程度不安を感じるかを6件法で回答を求めた。その結果,福島県に旅行に行くことに対する不安は,ポジティブ情報を与えた場合に低くなるが,ネガティブ情報を与えた場合には高くなることが明らかになった。観光戦略によって不安を払拭していくことが有効である可能性が示唆された。

著者

宮戸 美樹 上野 行良

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.270-277, 1996-10-28 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

16 14

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In this study, we constructed a scale to measure individual preference for supportive humor, and examined whether the preference related to mental health. Two samples of female undergraduates cooperated with survey studies. In the first, a scale was constructed to measure preference for supportive kinds of humor, and relationships were examined between its score, hardiness to negative events, and depression, together with preference for other types of humor identified in a previous study (Ueno, 1992). In the second, the reference was correlated with hedonistic attitudes and private self-consciousness. Main findings were as follows: (1) Of the three types of humor (aggressive, playful, and supportive), only preference for supportive humor correlated with depression. (2) Hedonistic attitudes correlated with preference for each of the three types. (3) Private self-consciousness correlated only with preference for supportive humor.

著者

古村 健太郎 村上 達也 戸田 弘二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15208, (Released:2016-05-10)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

13 18

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The purpose of this study was to translate the Experience of Close Relationship-Relationship Structure (ECRRS) and evaluate its validity. In study 1 (N = 982), evidence based internal structure (factor structure, internal consistency, and correlation among sub-scales) and evidence based relations to other variables (depression, reassurance seeking and self-esteem) were confirmed. In study 2 (N = 563), evidence based on internal structure was reconfirmed, and evidence based relations to other variables (IWMS, RQ, and ECR-GO) were confirmed. In study 3 (N = 342), evidence based internal structure (test-retest reliability) was confirmed. Based on these results, we concluded that ECR-RS was valid for measuring adult attachment style.

著者

中俣 友子 阿部 恒之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.14057, (Released:2016-05-10)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

6 2

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Two experiments were conducted to assess litter control at a riverside location. Experiment 1 examined the effects of a security camera (presence/absence), past littering (presence/absence), and environmental features (tussock/plain ground/flowerbed). Two scenes containing combinations of these factors were presented. Participants chose the scene in which they felt it was to easier to litter. Participants also reported their emotional response to the presence/absence of a security camera and environmental features in scenes with litter. The results revealed that the presence of a security camera, no past littering, flowerbeds, and plain ground inhibited littering. Littering in the presence of a security camera facilitated discomfort, anger, and shame, and littering in flowerbeds caused discomfort, anger, shame, and sadness. Using a similar method, Experiment 2 addressed the particular effects of a security camera combined with other factors: past littering, environmental features, and signboards (no sign/sign with eyes/security camera images). The results demonstrated the effectiveness of a security camera, no past littering, flowerbeds, plain ground, signboards presenting eyes, and images from a security camera in preventing littering.

著者

上倉 安代 益子 洋人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.93.21308, (Released:2022-06-30)

参考文献数

26

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Dohsa-hou therapists usually assist clients through physical contact but physical contact is not advisable during the coronavirus pandemic. We explored a non-contact form of self-care Dohsa-hou that clients could conduct by themselves with the aid of therapists’ instruction, advice, and feedback. In this study, we created two groups of young adults for a single 60-minute session: a face-to-face Dohsa-hou group (N = 28) and an online Dohsa-hou group (N = 17) via a video platform. We compared the effects of stress reactions, the sense of mind-body harmony, and authenticity. The results indicated that both methods were equally effective in reducing stress reactions and in increasing the sense of mind-body harmony and authenticity. The online group showed larger effect sizes in the sense of physical stability and authenticity compared with the face-to-face group. These effects were obtained by using visual information and deepening immersions in the online Dohsa-hou group. Self-care Dohsa-hou would be useful for young adults because they could engage in Dohsa tasks without the therapist’s physical assistance and maintain a healthy mind-body harmony.