著者

福田 正治

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.25-35, 2008 (Released:2008-12-17)

参考文献数

86

被引用文献数

2

---

This paper proposes an evolutionary hierarchical hypothesis that feelings in humans consist of four levels of emotion based on brain structure, brain functions, brain evolution and emotional evolution. Feelings in humans are composed of primitive emotion, basic emotion, social feeling and intellectual feeling, with respect to evolution. Primitive emotion is composed of pleasure and unpleasure, that are affected by body homeostasis in relation to environment. Basic emotion is composed of joy, anger, fear, disgust and acceptance or love, that are strongly dependent on survival of predator-prey situations, and gene competition for sexual selection. Social feeling might be induced by cooperation and competition in groups. Intellectual feeling is separated from social feeling in humans, and functions on a symbiotic and existence nature. This paper discusses each nature on four levels of human feeling based on hierarchical hypothesis of feelings.

著者

茂本 由紀 武藤 崇

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.61-70, 2017-02-28 (Released:2017-04-06)

参考文献数

33

---

The purpose of this study was to develop the Kanji (Chinese characters) Maze Technique (KMT) as a new measure for assessing both rigidity and relational framing, and to investigate KMT's validity as a measure of the rigidity. In addition, a preliminary analysis of KMT's validity as a measure of relational framing was investigated. A total of 67 undergraduate students answered questionnaires and completed the KMT and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). After the experiment, six raters evaluated the KMT's believability based on the participants' feedback. KMT's validity as a measure of rigidity was examined through a comparison with WCST, and by assessing its believability. These results showed that the KMT is a valid measure of rigidity. In the preliminary analysis of KMT's validity as a measure of relational framing, the feature of reaction time in each section was investigated. The results showed that the reaction time of the Set section was less influenced by choosing a route, so it was shown that there was possibility to apply the reaction time to measure relational framing.

著者

中西 大輔 井川 純一 志和 資朗

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.118-127, 2015-03-01 (Released:2015-07-07)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

---

This study investigates the relationship between confidence and regret. We predicted that high levels of confidence—where confidence is defined as reduced counterfactual thinking—would limit the experience of regret. A previous study by Gilovich & Medvec (1995) found an action/inaction effect, where regret is higher when one fails to act. However, this effect may no longer exist once we conceptually distinguish the decision to act from one's confidence about that decision. The decision to act is usually accompanied with a high level of confidence, and little counterfactual thinking. We hypothesized that regardless of action/inaction, regret will be significantly lower when a decision is made with high confidence. In Experiment 1, participants read a series of scenarios and made a decision. Before receiving feedback on their decision, participants rated their level of confidence about the decision. In Experiment 2, participants read a hypothetical mistake made by an individual and estimated that individual's level of regret. The results support our hypothesis that level of confidence about decisions affects feelings of regret.

著者

上野 雄己 髙橋 亜希 小塩 真司

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.104-109, 2020-05-30 (Released:2020-06-05)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 1

---

This study aimed to examine the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity and subjective well-being, in terms of life satisfaction and self-esteem, in 4,333 Japanese adults (2,625 men and 1,708 women; mean age=49.05 years, SD=10.84, age range=20–69 years). A one-way ANCOVA indicated that participants in the high sensitivity group had lower life satisfaction and self-esteem than those in the low sensitivity and medium sensitivity groups. After controlling for age, sex, educational level, household income, and marital status, the levels of low sensory threshold and ease of excitation were significantly negatively associated with life satisfaction and self-esteem. Further, there was a significant positive association between aesthetic sensitivity, life satisfaction and self-esteem. These findings suggest that highly sensitive persons in Japan tend to have low subjective well-being, which corroborates the findings of previous foreign studies, whereas the sub-dimensions of sensory processing sensitivity have a different relation to subjective well-being.

著者

大上 真礼

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.119-126, 2017-05-15 (Released:2017-06-13)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

---

Munashisa, or the feeling of emptiness, is an increasing challenge for elderly people in Japan. To explore how age and gender affect how munashisa is experienced, 250 men and 250 women, aged 60–79 were asked to complete sentences beginning with “Munashisa is.” They also described situations in which munashisa occurs. A text mining analysis of their answers revealed how Japanese elderly people think about or experience munashisa and the situations in which they feel it. It became clear that both gender and age affects the way in which people think about and experience munashisa. This study has shed some light on munashisa among the elderly in Japan, and serves as a base for further study.

著者

川上 直秋

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.81-86, 2015-10-01 (Released:2017-04-24)

参考文献数

26

---

The mere exposure effect means that repeated, unreinforced exposure is sufficient to enhance one's liking toward a stimulus. Furthermore, a number of experiments have demonstrated that this effect can be obtained outside of conscious awareness. The present article reviews empirical findings pointing to the cognitive factors which enhance the effect, such as familiarity-novelty and consistency of action. This review suggests that the mere exposure effect is closely related to the social fluency associated with an exposed object. Finally, some prospects for emerging themes for the future of study on the mere exposure effect are discussed.

著者

大坪 庸介 小西 直喜

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.141-146, 2015-03-01 (Released:2015-07-07)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 1

---

Human societies are characterized by large-scale cooperation among genetically unrelated individuals. One evolutionary explanation for such human ultra-sociality is the notion of “strong reciprocity,” which posits that strong reciprocators not only unconditionally cooperate but also punish non-cooperators in order to enforce cooperative norms within their groups. Supportive evidence for strong reciprocity is that people tend to punish non-cooperators in various experimental settings. However, employing more precise definitions and refined methodologies, recent studies cast serious doubt on the presence of punitive sentiments/behaviors toward non-cooperators. Nonetheless, people do report anger toward violators of shared norms of their community. In addition, violation of the honesty norm (presumably, an instance of widely shared norms) seems to reliably trigger third-party punishment. It seems important to clearly distinguish “shared-norm violators” from “non-cooperators” in order to understand human ultra-sociality.

著者

佐伯 政男 大石 繁宏

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.92-98, 2014-02-01 (Released:2014-06-04)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

2

---

Since the mid 1980s, subjective well-being research has blossomed into a major research area in psychology and related disciplines. Subjective well-being researchers have advanced our understanding of the correlates, causes, and consequences of happiness. Some of the early research findings, however, have been overturned lately. The present article revisits the early research questions such as the effect of weather, item order, hedonic adaptation, and money, and summarizes the most definitive findings so far on these issues. In addition, the present article summarizes the recent research on social relationships and perception, which helps explain why social relationships are so important in happiness.

著者

今田 純雄

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.Si, pp.39-46, 2019-02-28 (Released:2019-03-11)

参考文献数

47

---

As a basic emotion, disgust is thought to have evolved as a biological function to protect human bodies from potentially dangerous foods. Along with the growth, elicitors of disgust have expanded to multiple domains: animals, body products, sex, death corpses, bad hygiene, body envelope violations and moral offenses. Rozin and his colleagues proposed that functions of disgust is to protect the body, soul and social order. They also proposed the CAD triad hypothesis (Rozin, Lowery, Imada, & Haidt, 1999) which stipulates that people feel anger for violations of autonomy, contempt for violations of community, and disgust for violations of divinity. In this paper, a hypothetical assumption that disgust, as a moral emotion, may be an underlying motive to produce hostility, expulsions and hate crimes toward outgroups was discussed.

著者

山本 晶友 樋口 匡貴

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.71-77, 2019-05-31 (Released:2019-05-29)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 2

---

We examined the extent to which a beneficiary experiences gratitude toward a benefit, as a function of what another beneficiary has received. In our experiment, participants who are university students read a scenario in which the protagonist received help from his or her classmate for a report. Imagining themselves as the protagonist, participants rated the extent to which they felt grateful. We manipulated what a protagonist’s friend underwent (i.e., receiving better help, receiving worse help, or being refused help). In the control condition, no mention of the protagonist’s friend was made. Overall, there was no significant difference between the gratitude experienced in various conditions. However, a comparison of the gratitude scores of participants in the lower half of each condition revealed that, the participants who read that the friend was refused help felt more grateful than those in the control condition. This suggests that knowing another person fails to receive helps increases gratitude among those who otherwise feel less gratitude.

著者

小林 亮太 重松 潤 宮谷 真人 中尾 敬

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.67-72, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-03-31)

参考文献数

35

---

Previous studies have reported that cognitive reappraisal is related to decentering and mental health. However, there are two limitations in the current literature. First, it is unclear whether distraction facilitates decentering. Second, anxiety is the only index that has been used to assess mental health. Therefore, we examined whether cognitive reappraisal and distraction enhance decentering, which in turn improves mental health. Three hundred and eighty-seven university students answered questionnaires that assessed cognitive reappraisal, distraction, and decentering. Additionally, we measured depression, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction as mental health indicators. Our results confirmed that cognitive reappraisal and distraction influence mental health. In addition, decentering mediated the effect of cognitive reappraisal and distraction on mental health. These results suggest that distraction and cognitive reappraisal enhance decentering, which in turn, improves mental health.

著者

薊 理津子

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.49-64, 2008 (Released:2008-12-17)

参考文献数

113

被引用文献数

7 4

---

In previous studies, emotions of shame and guilt were considered to be similar; however, recent empirical studies show that they are clearly different. In other words, shame is maladaptive whereas guilt is adaptive. In this paper, the author reviews recent studies on shame and guilt. The paper includes characteristics and functions of shame and guilt, measurement methods, antecedent factors such situation and cognition, and cross-cultural research. In addition, the future applications of studies on shame and guilt are discussed from the following two perspectives. The first is moral education, which is based on the assumption that anticipated shame and guilt deter deviant behavior. The second is humiliation. Recent findings employing clinical studies indicate that shame is linked to narcissism and domestic violence. Humiliation has been discussed as a theme relevant to shame and violence, and is important in interpersonal relationships and social problems. Therefore, further studies regarding humiliation are suggested.

著者

加藤 樹里 村田 光二

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.82-91, 2017-02-28 (Released:2017-04-06)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3

---

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of finitude salience and the meditational effect of uncovering the social values on the emotional responses of being moved. We tested the hypothesis that the narrative depiction of separation as finitude salience would result in readers uncovering the social values of the story, and increase their emotional responses of being moved. Participants read a novel whose theme was friendship with or without the depiction of separation. Then, all the participants rated the extent to which they were moved by the novel. As hypothesized, our results indicated that participants who read the novel that depicted separation were more strongly moved. In addition, mediational data demonstrated that the effect of the depiction of separation on being moved could be explained by the participants' uncovering of the social values of the story.

著者

廣瀬 信之 牛島 悠介 森 周司

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.20-27, 2014-09-01 (Released:2014-12-12)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1 9

---

In computer-mediated communication, the lack of nonverbal cues such as facial expression, tone of voice, gestures leads to difficulties in communicating emotional states. Emoticons and pictograms are visual cues suggestive of facial expression or emotion and have been recently used as nonverbal surrogates in computer-mediated communication. The present study investigated whether and how visual cues (emoticons or pictograms) influence emotional communication in mobile text-messaging that conveys the following emotions: happiness, sadness, anger, or anxiety. The results showed that visual cues depicting a smile facilitate the communication of happiness, irrespective of the type of cue. The communication of anger was also facilitated by a pictogram depicting this emotion, but the intensity of sadness was relieved by a crying face pictogram. In the case of anxiety, visual cues had no effect on emotional communication. The rated degree of emotion differed between pictograms which are converted according to the mapping table but have different appearances. Furthermore, we found that the colors of pictograms facilitate emotional communication. These findings help understanding of the effective transmission of emotional states in text-messaging on mobile phones.

著者

小林 亮太 本多 樹 町澤 まろ 市川 奈穂 中尾 敬

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.38-48, 2021-03-25 (Released:2021-03-25)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

4

---

The present study aimed to develop and validate the Japanese version of the Body Perception Questionnaire-Body Awareness Very Short Form (BPQ-BAVSF-J). In Study 1, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 358 crowdsourced participants and 296 university students. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis and then conducted a confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the factor analysis indicated that the BPQ-BAVSF-J has a unidimensional structure with sufficient reliability. Additionally, consistent with the original version, the BPQ-BAVSF-J had a positive correlation with somatosensory amplification and physical stress. Thus, it was shown that the BPQ-BAVSF-J has adequate validity. In Study 2, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 305 and 295 crowdsourced participants and then compared the BPQ-BAVSF-J and the Japanese version of the Body Perception Questionnaire-Body Awareness Short Form (BPQ-BASF-J). The results of Study 2 showed that both the BPQ-BAVSF-J and the BPQ-BASF-J had the same level of correlation with the validity scale. These results suggest that the BPQ-BAVSF-J can measure interoceptive awareness as well as the BPQ-BASF-J, which has a larger number of items. In study 3, we conducted a two-wave survey with a one-month interval (N=68) and confirmed that the BPQ-BAVSF-J has sufficient test-retest reliability.

著者

鈴木 有美 速水 敏彦

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.23-31, 2015-09-30 (Released:2015-10-08)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Focusing on the argument of which assumed competence was derived from the motivation of self-enhancement for the ego-threatened person, the present study elucidated its relationship to anxiety, defense mechanism, subjective well-being, and hopelessness. In the first study, 354 undergraduates were classified into 4 competence types based on crossing scores of the Assumed Competence and Self-Esteem scales: atrophic, self-esteemed, omnipotent, and assumed. Those who were categorized in assumed competence type rated the highest on anxiety and coped with their ego-threat on immature defense level. In the second study, a self-report questionnaire was administered to 300 undergraduates to examine the relationships among assumed competence, self-esteem, subjective well-being, and hopelessness. The results clarified that their mental health varied not solely with a tendency of undervaluing others but with self-esteem. Discussed were some issues for future research in terms of training programs exerted to cope with ego-threats on mature defense level, to protect self-esteem, and then to improve well-being for adolescents.

著者

下野 有紀 長谷川 晃 土原 浩平 国里 愛彦

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.51-60, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-03-31)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3

---

This study was designed to develop a new measure to assess the affinity for hikikomori in university students. Undergraduates (n=267) completed items inquiring the affinity for hikikomori, and measures of school non-attendance, depression, quality of life, and relationships with friends. The Affinity for Hikikomori Scale in University Students was developed based on the results of exploratory factor analyses. The scale was composed of two subscales: Desire for hikikomori and empathy for others with hikikomori. Total score on the Affinity for Hikikomori Scale in University Students and desire for hikikomori subscale score were positively correlated with average number of absence from each classes. Additionally, total and subscale scores of the scale were higher among students that had experienced school non-attendance than those without such experiences. These findings indicated the adequate construct validity of the scale. Furthermore, total scale score and desire for hikikomori subscale score were associated with increased depression and decreased quality of life and satisfaction with friend relationships. In contrast, empathy for others with hikikomori did not deteriorate the adaptation of participants.

著者

松尾 朗子 田中 友理

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

エモーション・スタディーズ (ISSN:21897425)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.13-24, 2021-12-30 (Released:2022-01-13)

参考文献数

111

被引用文献数

3

---

This paper reviews the previous work on disgust from the perspective of moral judgment. Shweder et al. (1997) proposed that morality consists of three dimensions: autonomy, community, and divinity. This interpretation of morality serves as one’s rationale and/or standards in moral judgment. Graham et al. (2011) extended Shweder’s idea and developed it as Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). The purity foundation of the MFT corresponds to the divinity dimension of Shweder’s theory and is found to evoke disgust. What kind of behavior people should judge as morally wrong in terms of the purity foundation is shared among ingroup members, which makes them bound together; that is a social function of morality. Accordingly, their moral judgment leads violators to be socially excluded. Although understanding the purity foundation helps researchers clarify how ingroup members are eventually excluded, cultural differences in the concept of purity can exist, such as the unique purity orientation among the Japanese. In addition, this paper addresses such concepts relevant to social exclusion as moralization and moral elevation. The theoretical and practical findings from research on moral judgment will contribute to the better understanding of the mechanism of disgust being evoked and social exclusion being processed.

著者

澤海 崇文 望月 正哉 瀧澤 純 吉澤 英里

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.1-10, 2023-05-15 (Released:2023-05-20)

参考文献数

33

---

In recent years, some forms of interpersonal communication labeled “ijiri” have played a significant role among the youth. This paper investigates what type of affective experience ijiri is perceived to cause compared with similar behaviors like teasing and bullying. We recruited 312 university students and asked them to answer questions about the possible affective experiences that arise in either of the agents (actor or receiver) in response to each type of behavior. The rating was done from the standpoint of either the actor, receiver, or third party. Results revealed that compared with the other two types of behavior, ijiri was perceived to cause lesser negative affective experiences. Affective experiences entailed by each type of behavior were influenced by the role of the respondent and that of the appraisal target. Future research is warranted to investigate the generalizability of the findings, given the limitations of self-reported measurements and conceptualization of affects.

著者

藤井 勉 澤田 匡人

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.Supplement, pp.2-2, 2014 (Released:2014-12-05)