著者

吉野作造 著

出版者

文化生活研究会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第4輯 (公人の常識), 1925

著者

塩野季彦 述

出版者

巌翠堂書店

巻号頁・発行日

1926

著者

平泉 泰自 谷口 誠 城谷 典保 鈴木 忠 織畑 秀夫 HIRAIZUMI Taiji TANIGUCHI Makoto SHIROTANI Noriyasu SUZUKI Tadashi ORIHATA Hideo

出版者

東京女子医科大学学会

雑誌

東京女子医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00409022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.5, pp.432-436, 1986-05-25

著者

史料館

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凡例祭魚洞文庫旧蔵水産史料目録解題

著者

史料館

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口絵凡例信濃国松代真田家文書目録(その1)解題

著者

史料館

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凡例阿波蜂須賀家文書目録雲州松平家文書目録蜂須賀家文書解題松平家文書解題

著者

町田 明広

雑誌

神田外語大学日本研究所紀要 = The Bulletin of the Research Institute for Japanese Studies (ISSN:13403699)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.1-72, 2017-03-15

著者

数藤康雄編

出版者

早川書房

巻号頁・発行日

2004

著者

小泉悠

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

外国の立法 : 立法情報・翻訳・解説 (ISSN:13492071)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.(月刊版. 269-1), 2016-10

著者

今澤 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本オリエント学会

雑誌

オリエント (ISSN:00305219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.65-82, 2014-03-31 (Released:2017-04-03)

参考文献数

72

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This paper attempts to examine the development of the vizierate in the Early Ottoman Empire, through analyzing the origins, careers and activities of the viziers of the period. Initially, the Ottoman vizierate comprised a single individual, but the number seems to have increased during the reigns of Murad I and Yildirim Bayazid. During the earlier period, the vizier had power over both administrative and military affairs. However, it is likely that after the number of viziers increased, the second and third viziers of the military class took charge of military affairs, the military authority held by the Grand Vizier of the ulema class gradually becoming diminished until the title was merely nominal. Although the Grand Viziership was thought to have been held exclusively by the ulema class, this paper makes it clear that individuals from the Turkish military class held the office for an extended period during the reigns of Mehmed I and Murad II. During the reign of Murad II, palace slaves (kuls) assumed the offices of second or third vizier, a few of them concurrently holding the post of Rumeli Beylerbeyi. Owing to the severe and continuous struggle between viziers of kul and ulema backgrounds during this period, viziers other than Grand Viziers changed frequently. Although the limitation of this era is reflected in the fact that the kul viziers could not advance to the Grand Viziership, Fatih Mehmed, who had succeeded to the throne for a time during this period, must have realized the effectiveness of having kul viziers. Thus, after the conquest of Constantinople, he strengthened his position as absolute monarch by appointing kul viziers, such as Zaganos and Mahmud Pashas, to the Grand Viziership. From this standpoint, the reign of Murad II was a quite important era, paving the way for the coming age.

著者

吉村 高男

出版者

日本物理教育学会

雑誌

物理教育 (ISSN:03856992)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.4, pp.250-255, 2003-12-20 (Released:2017-02-10)

参考文献数

3

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21世紀は,人類が宇宙に進出する宇宙時代である。月や火星等の天体上に建造物を造って住むことも考えられるが,それらの天体は,地球とは重力や環境が大きく異なる。地球上と同じ重力が遠心力で容易に得られるスペースコロニーは,人類が移住可能となる宇宙に浮かぶ優れた近未来の人工建造物と言える。その内部での物理現象について議論することは,21世紀の物理教育を語る際に,興味深く有効である。

著者

福井 一喜 神 文也 渡邊 瑛季 周 軼飛 薛 琦 中川 紗智 市川 康夫 山下 清海

出版者

筑波大学人文地理学・地誌学研究会

雑誌

地域研究年報 (ISSN:18800254)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.1-34, 2014-02-27

著者

横手 一彦

出版者

法政大学

巻号頁・発行日

2016

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終了ページ : 304

著者

高橋 継男

出版者

アジア文化研究所

雑誌

アジア文化研究所研究年報 (ISSN:18801714)

巻号頁・発行日

no.49, pp.42-19, 2014

著者

山本 勇次

出版者

大阪国際大学

雑誌

国際研究論叢 : 大阪国際大学紀要 (ISSN:09153586)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.73-84, 2013-01-31

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日本人の危機管理意識の脆弱さは、元内閣安全保障室長の佐々淳行氏によって、日本列島の地理的条件、外的緊張と、その反動としての弛緩とを繰り返す歴史的条件、それに「熱しやすく冷めやすい、忘れっぽい淡白な」国民性に理由付けられている。それに対して、井沢元彦氏は、「マイナス予測によるコトダマ反作用の法則」との視点から説いている。またこの問題は、日本人の「転向」研究から丸山正雄や橋川文三は、神道的裸身に外来思想を「着せ替え人形」のごとく着たり脱いだりする日本人の「理論信仰」と「実感信仰」との乖離的共存性からも説明されるであろう。筆者は、マーチとサイモンが言う「認知的合理性の限界」という視点から、この問題を論考してみたい。即ち、日本人は科学的実証で説明不能な現象には感覚的実証ですましてしまうところがある。この日本人の感覚的実証性の底には、神道的な「神頼み」のひとりよがりが流れている。だから日本人は、悪い予測を論じあって周囲の不安を煽るよりも楽観的・希望的観測に賭けて嵐の通り過ぎるのを待とうとする習性が古代から続いている。昨今の「竹島」や「尖閣列島」をめぐる領土問題にしても、日本人の対応は、危機管理意識の脆弱さ、あてのない楽観主義が見え隠れしている。 Japanese weakness in crisis management consciousness has already explained by Atsuyuki Sasa, former Chief of the Cabinet Security Council, as part of the Japanese national character. Motohiko Izawa also clarified this weakness in terms of the law of reaction of the spirit of language (kotodama) to a negative prediction. This problem was also attributed by Masao Maruyama and Bunzo Hashikawa to a crippling of theoretical faith and real faith. In this paper I would like to explain Japanese weakness in crisis management consciousness by means of March and Simon's "limits of cognitive rationality." The Japanese tend to depend upon a sensual positivism whenever a scientific positivism is incapable of elucidating a phenomenon. At the bottom of this sensual positivism there seems an individualistic trust in spiritual beings as shown in Shinto belief. This is why the Japanese are inclined to wait for typhoons to go away instead of ringing alarm bells by stating annoying opinions on the issue to the public.

著者

出口 泰靖

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.452-464, 2012-12-31 (Released:2014-02-10)

参考文献数

22

著者

片桐 実菜 北畠 直文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.8, pp.530-534, 2014-08-01 (Released:2015-08-01)

参考文献数

9

著者

西村 公宏

出版者

社団法人日本造園学会

雑誌

ランドスケープ研究 : 日本造園学会誌 : journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture (ISSN:13408984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.5, pp.431-436, 1997-03-28

被引用文献数

1 1

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明治期,大正前期における東京帝国大学本郷キャンパスの外構については,下記の2点が指摘できる。1.明治前期においては,既存庭園の改修が主体であり,営繕掛西郷元善や内科教授ベルツ等が関係しているが,ケヤキ並木等,複数の庭園を並木で結ぶ手法も見られる。2.明治後期,大正前期では,外構の継承と拡充がなされているが,これらは,浜尾新,本多静六等により進められ,学生が学業に親しめる環境がイメーシされている。特にクスノキ並木(1903)やイチョウ並木(1906)は,東京帝国大学における造園学の成立期に実現した造園事例としても位置付けられる。

著者

三神 憲一 溝畑 潤 道上 静香

出版者

滋賀大学経済学部

雑誌

滋賀大学経済学部研究年報 (ISSN:13411608)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.17-32, 2010

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Just around 40 years ago, Jim Greenwood, who were a professor of Loughborough University and successively served as a captain for the National Scottish Rugby Team, was invited by Tsukuba University toteach as a visiting professor. In his report titled "Japanese Rugby in the Flesh," he harshly criticizes the training methods of Japanese university rugby teams as well as their lack of training equipment and facilities whencompared to world-class rugby teams. His stark criticism was also due to the major culture shock he experienced concerning the Japanese concept of group mentality, in which group interests must always come beforethe individual. Roughly 20 years later, Michael Patton was invited to serve as a special coach for the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nagasaki Rugby Team. Back in the nineties, Patton was active on the internationalstage, as both a top professional rugby player and coach. Compared to Greenwood's work, which mostly involved examining university rugby teams based in the Kanto area (central Japan), Patton's analysisis primarily based on his experiences with high school rugby teams located in the regional area of Nagasaki in Kyushu (western Japan). Patton stresses the urgency of creating distinctive coaching manuals for eachgrade level. He keenly observes that the traditional sport of rugby has been ineffectively remade in Japan as can be seen in its: (1) training methods, which are based on group mentality, (2) lack of matches played bythe team and (3) lack of equal opportunities afforded to each player. As this Japanese version of rugby continuesto prevail, Patton urges both coaches and players to return to the basics and reconsider the quintessenceof team sports (including rugby), which should ultimately be fun, enjoyable and interesting for everyone involved.

著者

安倍 淳吉

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.3, pp.2-21, 1957-07-15

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In case we understand the life space in social behavior, it is necessary for us not only to grasp it non-historically, that is, field-theoretically, functionally and situationally but also to comprehend the historical context of the factors functioning in each situation. By what is called a historical approach is meant the grasp of the necessity which exists between situations. Hence, a situational approach can bear out the structural complex of the factors which is inherent in a given situation, and thus it clarifies the specific and concrete meaning of a certain situation by taking into account the interrelationship of person, society, and culture, and enables us to predict its future behavior pattern. <BR>On the other hand, the historical approach presupposes to functionally understand more than two situations. In this sense, these two approaches depend on each other and require the contemporaneousness of each approach so as to make it productive. In the socio-psychological study of delinquency, it is almost impossible to attribute the state of subjective or objective readiness working in delinquent behavior to one specific situation. Only by referring to the other situations which are related to this particular one, it is possible to define the peculiarity of that situation and its life-historical and social-historical implications. And this will in turn lead to a prediction of its future situational pattern.<BR>Moreover, as far as social psychology is concerned, a historical approach does not necessarily mean a macro-level-approach. In social psychology, it is essential to pay attention to a tri-dimensional balanced structure of person, society and culture when each particular situation is historically analyzed. <BR>From this viewpoint, due consideration must be given to a median-level-approach. In other words, in the social-psychological study of delinquents, we are required to make clear, first of all, the social structure of a community or reform school, in which they live day in day out, and at the same time to elucidate the circular connections of delinquent field, correction field, and delinquent or non-delinquent field throughout their lives. <BR>In this manner, the median-level-approach must be said to be the nucleus of the study. Nonetheless, it has to be backed up by a microscopic approach on, one hand, and, on the other, by a macroscopic one. <BR>It must also be added that we understand a historical type of delinquent behavior not by an ideal type but by a realistic and conditionally developmental type.