著者
中田 賀之 木村 裕三 八島 智子
出版者
一般社団法人大学英語教育学会
雑誌
JACET関西紀要 (ISSN:18802281)
巻号頁・発行日
no.7, pp.1-20, 2003-06-30

(C) 大学英語教育学会(JACET)関西支部 大学英語教育学会(JACET)関西支部の許諾を得た上で、CiNiiのデータを引用しています。http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110008675201In the 1990s the study of L2 motivation provided a variety of directions which have not been seen in the traditional social psychological approach, and further continues to expand to wider directions in this new century. As Dornyei and Schmidt (2001) suggest, "L2 motivation research has reached maturity" and "the motivational basis of second language acquisition is a fertile ground for investigation" (p. ix). Unfortunately, however, in Japan we have not seen L2 motivation studies embodying variety of topics and methods so far. Our aim is thus to offer some of the current thinking on L2 motivation and to outline a number of exciting and potentially fruitful future research directions. First, we discuss what motivation is, why we work on motivation, and what we should pay attention to in motivation research. Then, we spotlight motivation research from three different perspectives (socio-cultural/situational, social constructivist, and social-psychological) that have received little attention in L2 motivation field in Japan.
著者
水上 智雄 長健二朗
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会論文誌コンピューティングシステム(ACS) (ISSN:18827829)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.12, pp.338-348, 2005-08-15

本論文では,ローカルネットワークにおけるサービスディスカバリの技術を用いることにより,VPN各種やSoftEther などとは違うアプローチで,複数のローカルネットワークサービスを連結接続して,リモートネットワークからそれらサービスにアクセスするアーキテクチャモデル「Tunneling with Service Discovery」を提案する.そのアーキテクチャモデルは,サービスディスカバリの連結機能とサービス自体の中継機能から構成される.まず,このモデルでは,サービスディスカバリのリスティング機能を用いて,ローカルネットワークにおけるサービス情報をダイナミックに集約するサーバを用意する.次に,サーバから得るサービス情報を基に,クライアントのローカルホストにサービスをマッピングし,そのサービスをクライアントのローカルネットワークのサービスディスカバリに登録する.これにより,擬似的にほかのローカルネットワークのサービスを,自分のネットワークのサービスとして自動的に利用することが可能になる.このモデルを用いることで,リモートネットワークからVPN でローカルネットワークに接続する場合ではなしえない,1 方向アクセス,マルチプルログイン,多段アクセスが可能になる.また,それにともなったネットワーク構成の変更の必要も生じない.本研究での実装においては,サービスディスカバリの技術としてMulticast DNS(mDNS)を用いて,ローカルネットワークサービス連結接続ソフトウェア「RNSplicer」の開発を行った.このソフトウェアにより,Mac OS X で標準的に利用されるBonjour(旧名Rendezvous)で提供されるローカルネットワークサービスを中継可能にした.In this paper, we propose a new architecture model, Tunneling with Service Discovery, for accessing local network services from a remote network. The model allows to splice local network services from multiple remote networks so that users can transparently access the advertised services as if they were local services. This architecture model consists of splicing networks and relaying services, and is different from the existing remote access technologies such as VPN and SoftEther. In this model, a server makes use of Service Discovery, and dynamically collects and updates the information about available local network services. A client on a remote network talks to the server, obtains the service information, maps these remote services onto its local services, and then, registers the mapped services on its local Service Discovery. Therefore, all hosts on the client's network are able to use the relayed services as pseudo local services. The model also allows One-way Access, Multi-Network Access and Multi-Stage Access without requiring any network reconfiguration. As an implementation of this architeture, we have developed "RNSplicer" that splices local network services provided by Multicast DNS (mDNS). RNSplicer works with all types of services provided by Bonjour (Rendezvous), a standard service discovery technology employed by Mac OS X and Darwin.
著者
小室 裕明
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科學 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.2, pp.68-82a, 1978-03-25
被引用文献数
2

The middle to the upper Miocene series in the Yanaizu region is divided into five formations, namaly the Ogino, the Urushikubo, the Shiotsubo, the Sunagohara, and the Fujitoge formations in ascending order, all of which are in conformable relation except that the unconformities at the base of the Sunagohara formation and partly at that of the Fujitoge formation. The Urushikubo formation may unconformably overlie the Ogino formation in part. The Ogino formation and the lower part of the Urushikubo formation consist of pyroclastic rocks. The upper part of the Urushikubo formation, the Shiotsubo formation, and the lower part of the Fujitoge formation consist of shale, sandstone, and siltstone respectively. The Sunagohara formation and the upper part of the Fujitoge formation consist of pyroclastic rocks. Basaltic, dacitic, and rhyolitic dykes intrude into the Urushikubo and the Shiotsubo formations. The fundamental geologic structure is nearly flat, except for some flexure, synclines and anticlines which have N-S trending axes. The horizontally bedded Sunagohara formation is distributed in a restricted area, about 5 km in diameter, and abuts on the steedly dipping surface of the unconformity at the margin of the basin. Basal conglomerate, which is very poorly sorted and angular talus-like breccia including boulder gravel with 3m in maximum diameter, is distributed along the margin. It would be deposited just in front of the abrupt cliff which has been preserved as the present steep surface of the unconformity. Normal faults striking parallel to the surface of the unconformity are found in the basement and by them such a cliff would formed. It is concluded that the collapse basin with 5 km in diameter was formed by the faulting which had thrown down the basin side abut 400 m before deposition of the Sunagohara formation. Before the formation of this collapse basin, the domal uplift which is 25 km in diameter and 500 m in height took place. Judging from that the collapse basin was filled with pyroclastic rocks which was deposited soon after the collapse, the domal uplift is ascribed to the magmatic activity. The other uplift with the axis of NW-SE trend, which was no relation to volcanism had took place in this region before the domal uplift.
著者
石桁 正士 明賀 保仁 赤松 辰彦
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. ET, 教育工学 (ISSN:09135685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.93, no.105, pp.37-44, 1993-06-19

我々は、コミュニケーション支援システム「おはようMACさよならMAC」研究室版を開発した。これは、毎日の研究に対しての卒研生の自己管理を支援するものであり、毎日、研究室に来たときと研究室から帰るときに、自己の気分、やる気、体調、の3項目に加えて、来たときに研究目標、帰るときに研究の達成度を入力させ、卒研生に各々の研究意識の確認を、またこれまでの入力データの推移を自分で分析することによって自分の状態の変化の把握を行なわせるものである。これを用いて卒研生の自己管理意識を高めたいと考えている。我々の研究室の新卒研生を対象として、2月中旬から卒研生の研究が本格的に始まる4月上旬まで試用し、データを得た。その試用結果について報告する。
著者
弘末 雅士
出版者
公益財団法人史学会
雑誌
史學雜誌 (ISSN:00182478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.99, no.1, pp.37-76, 153-154, 1990-01-20

This article attempts to investigate the role of the prophet in the Batak millenarian movement against the European colonial order. During the latter part of the 19th century, the Toba Batak area in north Sumatra was exposed to European influence, and both Christianization by German missionaries and colonization by the Dutch began to undermine the Toba Batak, social order. The traditional symbol of power, Si Singa Mangaraja, was defeated by the Dutch colonial army. Millenarian expectations began after the Batak people were forced to recognize the superiority of European power, yet were in many cases not satisfied with the new colonial order. The dilemma was solved when Guru Somalaing, a datu (magician), had a revelation from Jehovah to preach traditional Batak codes in order to become malim (pure). He established the Parmalim (One Who Endeavours To Be Pure) movement in 1890, claiming to be able to gain access to the source of European power while retaining the essence of Toba Batak values. Just after his revelation, Somalaing encountered an Italian traveler. The people who were impressed by European colonial power were longing for a different type of European who would share that power with them. The Italian during his stay in Toba was often regarded as a delegate of Raja Rum, who the Batak believed was a holy king in the outside world. Somalaing, convinced that he shared the power of Jehovah, now developed his expectations into a belief that Raja Rum would assist him in dealing with the Dutch. Somalaing's idea was accepted among the people of the north-eastern part of Toba, who were newly under European influence, but still maintained their traditional value system. The Parmalim movement was an endeavour to maintain their traditional social order under the new source of power. In their Parmalim ceremonies they prayed to Jehovah, Maria, Jesus and Raja Rum in the same manner as had been done in traditional religious ceremonies, when people had wanted to ask Si Singa Mangaraja or Batak deities for help. As the Dutch intensified colonial influence over the area, Parmalim followers began to believe that German missionaries working in the ara were really Batak divine kings and that someday these kings and Raja Rum would drive the Dutch away. The evidence of the Batak millenarian movement suggests that the main task of the millenarian leader is to show what the real source of power was and how to gain access to it. Previous explanations which have emphasized prophets' magical abilites, such as communication with supernatural powers, healing or divination, are only partial explanations.
著者
Parle Milind Dhingra Dinesh
出版者
The Japanese Pharmacological Society
雑誌
Journal of pharmacological sciences (ISSN:13478613)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.93, no.2, pp.129-135, 2003-10-01
被引用文献数
6 79

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a gradual decline in memory. The occurrence of Alzheimer's disease is commonplace among the Asian population, particularly among senior citizens. The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of ascorbic acid as a memory-enhancer. Swiss mice of either sex were employed in the present investigation. Elevated plus-maze and passive-avoidance apparatus served as the exteroceptive behavioral models, and diazepam-, scopolamine-, and aging-induced amnesia served as the interoceptive behavioral models. Ascorbic acid (60, 120 mg/kg) injected for 3 and 8 consecutive days improved learning and memory of aged mice as indicated by decreased transfer-latency and increased step-down latency. Furthermore, ascorbic acid provided protection to the young animals from scopolamine- and diazepam-induced impairment of memory. Ascorbic acid was found to be more potent than piracetam as reflected by the smaller dose, more pronounced effect, and quicker onset of action. Ascorbic acid has shown promise as a powerful memory-improving agent particularly effective in aged animals. Hence, ascorbic acid might prove to be a useful memory-restorative agent in the treatment of dementia seen in elderly individuals. The underlying mechanism of action of ascorbic acid may be attributed to its antioxidant property.<br>
著者
和田 誠 権田 武彦
出版者
国立極地研究所
雑誌
南極資料 (ISSN:00857289)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, pp.1-8, 1985-09

1979年3月から1980年1月まで南極みずほ基地で雪結晶の顕微鏡観測を行った。種々の形の雪結晶の中に, 骸晶構造を持つ角柱結晶が, 比較的多く降っていることがわかった。この論文では, この結晶の結晶学的諸特性と成長条件を議論する。
著者
福永 峰子 梅原 頼子 藤原 いすず 川村 亜由美 山田 芳子 前田 千津子 田中 治夫
出版者
鈴鹿大学短期大学部
雑誌
鈴鹿国際大学短期大学部紀要 (ISSN:13450085)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, pp.9-17, 2005

本学食物栄養専攻生68名を対象とし,絵に描いた弁当箱の枠の中に日常弁当と理想弁当の中身をスケッチしてもらい,その中から食品数,料理数,料理の組み合わせなどを集計した。結果は次のとおりである。1)最も多く使用していた食品数は日常弁当,理想弁当とも10〜12種類であった。2)食品群別では最も多く使用されていたのは,日常弁当,理想弁当とも緑黄色野菜であり次いで,その他の野菜,穀類であった。3)料理頻度の割合では,日常弁当,理想弁当とも,主食と副菜は,100%,主菜は90%,デザートはわずか30%であった。4)料理の組み合わせは56パターンあり,最も多かった組み合わせは日常弁当で「主食+主菜+副菜6」,理想弁当で「主食+主菜+副菜3」であった。5)料理数では,主食が27種類,主菜が75種類,副菜が138種類,デザートが19種類であった。
著者
河原 輝彦
出版者
一般社団法人日本森林学会
雑誌
日本林學會誌 (ISSN:0021485X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.9, pp.317-322, 1978-09-25

葉や枝が枯れ林床に落ちてきたとき, それらが生きていたときにくらべてどの程度の重量減少があるかを調べた。(1)6樹種で葉重量の季節変化を調べた結果では, 夏にもっとも重く, 落葉直前にもっとも軽くなっていた。その重量は夏の葉より15〜25%減少していた。この重量減少のうちおよそ半分は雨水による物質の溶脱のために, 残り半分は樹体内への物質の移動によるものと思われた。(2)落枝の重量減少をケヤキ, ブナ, スギ, アカマツ, カラマツ, ヒノキの6樹種で調べた。カラマツの落枝は生き枝にくらべて重量減少はほとんどなかったが, 他の5樹種の落枝では生き枝にくらべて最大で40〜50%の重量減少がみられた。