著者

宇都宮 由佳 伊尾木 将之 瀬尾 弘子 江原 絢子 大久保 洋子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会 食文化研究部会

雑誌

会誌食文化研究 (ISSN:18804403)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.35-42, 2018-12-30 (Released:2021-12-15)

参考文献数

11

著者

Daisuke Nishioka Chisato Tamaki Noriko Furuita Hirokazu Nakagawa Erin Sasaki Rika Uematsu Takeshi Ozaki Satoshi Wakata Naoki Kondo

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.11, pp.519-523, 2022-11-05 (Released:2022-11-05)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 5

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Background: The Free/Low-Cost Medical Care Program (FLCMC) can subsidize the payment (exempt/lower) in designated institutions in Japan. Given that poverty is a multidimensional concept including social isolation, the FLCMC applicants may need social support over and above financial aid to improve their quality of life. However, there was no data to discuss what services should be provided and to whom. Hence, we aimed to describe the changes in health-related quality of life scores among users of the FLCMC, with respect to their socioeconomic backgrounds.Methods: This cohort study included patients who newly used FLCMC from July 2018 to April 2019. We used patients’ social work records, obtained at baseline, and self-report questionnaires on the Medical Outcomes Study 8 Items Short Form Health Survey (SF-8), measured both at baseline and 6 months after the application. We used the change in physical and mental health component summary scores (PCS-8 and MCS-8, respectively) as outcome variables.Results: Multiple linear regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, healthcare institute, and baseline PCS-8 and MCS-8, showed that lower income was associated with an increase in PCS-8 (coef. −0.09; 95% CI, −0.15 to, −0.03) and MCS-8 (coef. −0.04; 95% CI, −0.11, to 0.03). Living alone (versus living with someone) was potentially associated with a decrease in both PCS-8 (coef. −1.58; 95% CI, −7.26 to 4.09) and MCS-8 (coef. −3.62; 95% CI, −9.19 to 1.95).Conclusion: Among patients using FLCMC, those who live alone may need additional support. Further study testing the generalizability of the findings is required.

著者

深山 洋平

出版者

北海道大学哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:02872560)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.55-69, 2018-12-02

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The first aim of this paper is to explicate the intention of a picture which was found on the introduction Web page of emeritus Koji Nakatogawa at Hokkaido University and which visualizes inference from seeing smoke at some place to the existence of fire there. It turns out that the picture is influenced from a book whose authors include mathematician F. W. Lawvere and that the intention is clarified by using Lawvere's elementary topos theory. The second aim is to point out a conflict between Nakatogawa's view that "static" set theory is opposed to "dynamic" category theory and Lawvere's conception of the topos of abstract sets and that of variable sets.

著者

北原 まり子

出版者

舞踊学会

雑誌

舞踊學 (ISSN:09114017)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017, no.40, pp.35-40, 2017 (Released:2019-12-05)

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In 1904, Michel Fokine attended Isadora Duncan’s Russian debut, and his reform of the art of ballet, which occurred a year later, was realized under the influence of her art. This narration received a very wide currency during the choreographer’s triumphal European tours with Serge Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes in the 1910s, after which Fokine was forced to struggle to detach his reform from her art and dispel his disgrace as Duncan’s “follower” or “imitator.” To defend this discourse, published texts on the choreographer have principally depended on the following two references written in the 1920s: Duncan’s posthumous autobiography My Life, in which she reminisces about a dinner with Diaghilev’s circle after her first appearance in St. Petersburg, and a letter written by Diaghilev wherein he recalls attending Duncan’s Russian debut with Fokine. However, these two sources are dubious with regard to their dates if we weigh them against some contemporary accounts, Fokine’s recollection, or the date of Léon Bakst’s portrait of Duncan. Indeed, according to Vladimir Teliakovsky’s diaries, it was during her Russian sojourn from the end of 1907 to the spring of 1908 that Duncan was closely associated with the Imperial Theatre and their ballet company as she visited the Imperial School and gave a demonstration in the Mariinsky Theatre with her German school students.

著者

Cyrus Ghaznavi Daisuke Yoneoka Yuta Tanoue Stuart Gilmour Takayuki Kawashima Akifumi Eguchi Yumi Kawamura Hiroaki Miyata Shuhei Nomura

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.11, pp.510-518, 2022-11-05 (Released:2022-11-05)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2 10

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Background: Increases in human mobility have been linked to rises in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. The pandemic era in Japan has been characterized by changes in inter-prefectural mobility across state of emergency (SOE) declarations and travel campaigns, but they have yet to be characterized.Methods: Using Yahoo Japan mobility data extracted from the smartphones of more than 10 million Japanese residents, we calculated the monthly number of inter-prefectural travel instances, stratified by residential prefecture and destination prefecture. We then used this adjacency matrix to calculate two network connectedness metrics, closeness centrality and effective distance, that reliably predict disease transmission.Results: Inter-prefectural mobility and network connectedness decreased most considerably during the first SOE, but this decrease dampened with each successive SOE. Mobility and network connectedness increased during the Go To Travel campaign. Travel volume between distant prefectures decreased more than travel between prefectures with geographic proximity. Closeness centrality was found to be negatively correlated with the rate of COVID-19 infection across prefectures, with the strength of this association increasing in tandem with the infection rate. Changes in effective distance were more visible among geographically isolated prefectures (Hokkaido and Okinawa) than among metropolitan, central prefectures (Tokyo, Aichi, Osaka, and Fukuoka).Conclusion: The magnitude of reductions in human mobility decreased with each subsequent state of emergency, consistent with pandemic fatigue. The association between network connectedness and rates of COVID-19 infection remained visible throughout the entirety of the pandemic period, suggesting that inter-prefectural mobility may have contributed to disease spread.

著者

安達 望江 和泉 美枝 眞鍋 えみ子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本助産学会

雑誌

日本助産学会誌 (ISSN:09176357)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJAM-2021-0033, (Released:2022-10-14)

参考文献数

40

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目 的妊娠期における身体活動,体重増加量および非妊時BMIと下肢筋肉量との関連,下肢筋肉量への影響要因を検討する。対象と方法妊婦520名に自記式質問紙による調査と体組成分析装置(InBody270)を用いて体重,下肢筋肉量を測定した。質問紙による調査内容は属性,非妊時体重,身長,身体活動は運動習慣の有無と生活活動量(NEAT質問票)であった。初経産婦別にt検定を行い,下肢筋肉量の影響要因の検討には重回帰分析を行った。結 果分析対象者は484名(18~44歳,初産婦229名,経産婦255名,妊娠5~40週)であり,本対象者の下肢筋肉量の平均は11.53±1.68kgであった。下肢筋肉量は,初経産婦共に生活活動量低群(初産婦10.97±1.70kg,経産婦11.24±1.63kg)より高群(11.76±1.49kg,12.41±1.72kg)の方が有意に多く,非妊時BMIにおいても低群(10.71±1.60kg,11.46±1.85kg)より高群(11.98±1.60kg,12.17±1.56kg)の方が有意に多かった。初産婦では,非妊時BMI,体重増加量,妊娠前の運動習慣が下肢筋肉量に影響し(β=.339, .227, .136),説明率18.8%であった。経産婦では,体重増加量,非妊時BMI,生活活動量が下肢筋肉量に影響し(β=.258, .245, .169),説明率15.6%であった。非妊時標準体格の妊婦では,妊娠16~27週,28~37週において体重増加量4.9kg,8.5kg以上がそれ未満に比べて下肢筋肉量は多かった。結 論妊婦の下肢筋肉量には,非妊時BMIや体重増加量が影響し,さらに初産婦では妊娠前の運動習慣,経産婦では生活活動量が影響することが示された。

著者

Chih-Ching Liu Chien-Hui Liu Yu Sun Huey-Jane Lee Li-Yu Tang Ming-Jang Chiu

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.11, pp.502-509, 2022-11-05 (Released:2022-11-05)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

6 16

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Background: Screening or diagnosis for the elderly with dementia in rural regions might be delayed and underestimated due to limited utilization of healthcare resources. This study aimed to evaluate the disparities of prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia between urban and rural residence.Methods: In this nationwide door-to-door survey, 10,432 participants aged 65 years and more were selected through computerized random sampling from all administrative districts in Taiwan and were assessed using an in-person interview. We calculated the prevalence of MCI and dementia, with their risk factors examined using multivariable logistic regression.Results: The prevalence of dementia in rural, suburban, and urban areas among the elderly was 8.69% (95% CI, 8.68–8.69), 6.63% (95% CI, 6.62–6.63), and 4.46% (95% CI, 4.46–4.47), respectively. A similar rural-suburban-urban gradient relationship on the dementia prevalence was observed in any age and sex group. The rural:urban ratio was higher in women than in men for both MCI and dementia. Urbanization remained to be an independent factor for both MCI and dementia after adjustment for age, gender, education, lifestyle, and health status. The beneficial effects of exercise on dementia were more evident in rural areas than in urban ones.Conclusion: Significantly higher prevalence of MCI and dementia were found in rural areas than in urban ones, especially for women. The odds of risk factors for MCI and dementia varied by urbanization status. Focus on the rural-urban inequality and the modification of associated factors specifically for different urbanization levels are needed.

著者

尾形 敬次

出版者

日本生命倫理学会

雑誌

生命倫理 (ISSN:13434063)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.48-54, 1999-09-13 (Released:2017-04-27)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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生命倫理の課題の一つは"人間の尊厳"を守ることだといって良いだろう。我々の多くが知っている人間の尊厳の理念とは、基本権の根拠となる概念である。そこでは人間の尊厳の不可侵性が述べられ、権利保障の根拠が人間の尊厳にあるとされる。特に、生存権の根拠とするには、それがいかなる意味かが問題になる。しかし人間の尊厳の概念に一定の了解がなく、そのために先端的な研究に対する倫理的見解にも混乱が生じる。そこで、人間のもつ能力のうちで何が尊重されるべきかを再度確立することが必要となる。ハンス・ヨナスは人間の諸能力のうち、責任という能力に着目し、これを理性や自律という従来の倫理原則に代わる新たな原則にせよと主張する。本稿では責任という能力が基本権の根拠である人間の尊厳に据えることができないかどうかを検討する。

著者

Mayu Yasuda Uemura Tetsuya Ohira Seiji Yasumura Akira Sakai Atsushi Takahashi Mitsuaki Hosoya Masanori Nagao Hironori Nakano Hitoshi Ohto Kenji Kamiya

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.11, pp.496-501, 2022-11-05 (Released:2022-11-05)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2

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Background: The proportion of overweight individuals living in the evacuation zone of Fukushima increased after the Great East Japan Earthquake. However, the change in the prevalence of abdominal obesity has not been reported. Lifestyle habits and changes in these habits after the disaster might have affected the onset of abdominal obesity; however, the association between the two is unclear.Methods: This study evaluated 19,673 Japanese participants of the Fukushima Health Management Survey. We used data from general health check-ups conducted in 13 municipalities between 2008 and 2010. Follow-up examinations were performed from June 2011 to March 2013. Changes in the proportion of individuals with abdominal obesity before and after the disaster were compared. Then, lifestyle habits affecting these changes were assessed.Results: We found that 34.2% and 36.6% of participants (P < 0.001), both evacuees (37.0% and 42.1% [P < 0.001]) and non-evacuees (32.8% and 34.0% [P < 0.001]), had abdominal obesity before and after the disaster, respectively. Abdominal obesity was positively associated with smoking cessation, snacking after dinner, and non-breakfast skipping after the disaster and alcohol drinking before and after the disaster (all P < 0.05). Smoking cessation was positively associated with abdominal obesity in both evacuees and non-evacuees and in both men and women (all P < 0.01).Conclusion: The prevalence of abdominal obesity increased among residents in the area affected by nuclear disaster. It might be associated with not only lifestyle habits before the disaster but also changes in these habits after the disaster, especially smoking cessation.

著者

大村幸弘 永田雄三 内藤正典編著

出版者

明石書店

巻号頁・発行日

2012

著者

新保 奈穂美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会

雑誌

都市計画報告集 (ISSN:24364460)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.338-340, 2020-12-04 (Released:2022-06-08)

参考文献数

14

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空き地の農的利用はその様々な機能から、有望な土地活用方法のひとつである。こうした住民主体の緑地管理は、予算やアイデアの不足に直面している自治体にも利点がある。ただし都市の農は形態が多様であり、各事例に適したガバナンスを見つけることは難しい。そのため、関係者が適当なモデルを見つけるために、事例調査の蓄積が必要である。本稿は、東京都墨田区の空き地にNPO法人が開設したコミュニティガーデンの設立経緯と運営方法に関する調査結果を報告する。インタビューと資料調査の結果、人の交流を生み出すため伝統野菜を育てる農園が開設され、自治体の補助金を受けるためにNPO法人格を取得したことがわかった。また、NPO法人格は固定資産税の問題の解決にも役立つ可能性がある。このように、NPO法人はコミュニティガーデン運営の経済的安定性の面で利点があると考えられる。

著者

瓜生原 葉子 Yoko Uryuhara

出版者

同志社大学商学会

雑誌

同志社商学 = Doshisha Shogaku (The Doshisha Business Review) (ISSN:03872858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.407-435, 2018-11-30

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研究(Article)

著者

澤村 文香

出版者

女子栄養大学

巻号頁・発行日

2015

著者

Masaki Machida Tomoko Takamiya Shiho Amagasa Hiroshi Murayama Takeo Fujiwara Yuko Odagiri Hiroyuki Kikuchi Noritoshi Fukushima Mitsuo Kouno Yu Saito Fumitoshi Yoshimine Shigeru Inoue Yugo Shobugawa

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.11, pp.489-495, 2022-11-05 (Released:2022-11-05)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

7 9

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Background: The hippocampus is a brain structure important for memory and cognitive function. Physical activity may help prevent hippocampal atrophy. However, few studies have measured sedentary behavior (SB) and intensity-specific physical activity using an accelerometer. This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations of objectively-determined SB, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured by an accelerometer with hippocampal volume among community-dwelling older adults using compositional data analysis (CoDa) approach.Methods: This cross-sectional study was part of the Neuron to Environmental Impact across Generations (NEIGE) study. A randomly recruited sample of 485 Japanese older adults (47% male; aged 65–84 years) wore tri-axial accelerometers (Omron Healthcare) for 7 consecutive days in 2017. Hippocampal volume was measured with magnetic resonance imaging and the left and right hippocampal volumes were automatically segmented using FreeSurfer software. Associations of sedentary and physically active behaviors with hippocampal volume were examined with compositional linear regression analysis based on isometric log-ratio transformations of time use adjusted for potential confounding factors.Results: The relative proportion of time spent in MVPA, compared to the other two activities, was significantly positively associated with right hippocampal volume (β: 57.1, P-value = 0.027). However, no association existed between higher proportions of MVPA and left hippocampal volume, or between proportions of SB or LPA with either left or right hippocampal volumes.Conclusion: The proportion of time spent in MVPA, relative to the other two activities, was significantly positively associated with right hippocampal volume. MVPA may be beneficial for maintaining hippocampal volume.

出版者

International Research Center for Japanese Studies

雑誌

Japan Review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies (ISSN:09150986)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, 2022-12

著者

杉本 つとむ

出版者

早稲田大学図書館

雑誌

早稲田大学図書館紀要 (ISSN:02892502)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.1-16, 1974-03-20

著者

佐藤 英明

出版者

中央学院大学商学部・法学部・現代教養学部

雑誌

中央学院大学人間・自然論叢 = The Bulletin of Chuo-Gakuin University : man & nature (ISSN:13409506)

巻号頁・発行日

no.53, pp.19-41, 2022-09-30

著者

Ryosuke Fujii Asahi Hishida Takeshi Nishiyama Masahiro Nakatochi Keitaro Matsuo Hidemi Ito Yuichiro Nishida Chisato Shimanoe Yasuyuki Nakamura Tanvir Chowdhury Turin Sadao Suzuki Miki Watanabe Rie Ibusuki Toshiro Takezaki Haruo Mikami Yohko Nakamura Hiroaki Ikezaki Masayuki Murata Kiyonori Kuriki Nagato Kuriyama Daisuke Matsui Kokichi Arisawa Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano Mineko Tsukamoto Takashi Tamura Yoko Kubo Takaaki Kondo Yukihide Momozawa Michiaki Kubo Kenji Takeuchi Kenji Wakai

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.11, pp.483-488, 2022-11-05 (Released:2022-11-05)

参考文献数

38

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Background: Inflammation is thought to be a risk factor for kidney disease. However, whether inflammatory status is either a cause or an outcome of chronic kidney disease remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches.Methods: A total of 10,521 participants of the Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort Study was analyzed in this study. We used two-sample MR approaches (the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), the weighted median (WM), and the MR-Egger method) to estimate the effect of genetically determined hs-CRP on kidney function. We selected four and three hs-CRP associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as two instrumental variables (IV): IVCRP and IVAsian, based on SNPs previously identified in European and Asian populations. IVCRP and IVAsian explained 3.4% and 3.9% of the variation in hs-CRP, respectively.Results: Using the IVCRP, genetically determined hs-CRP was not significantly associated with eGFR in the IVW and the WM methods (estimate per 1 unit increase in ln(hs-CRP), 0.000; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.019 to 0.020 and −0.003; 95% CI, −0.019 to 0.014, respectively). For IVAsian, we found similar results using the IVW and the WM methods (estimate, 0.005; 95% CI, −0.020 to 0.010 and −0.004; 95% CI, −0.020 to 0.012, respectively). The MR-Egger method also showed no causal relationships between hs-CRP and eGFR (IVCRP: −0.008; 95% CI, −0.058 to 0.042; IVAsian: 0.001; 95% CI, −0.036 to 0.036).Conclusion: Our two-sample MR analyses with different IVs did not support a causal effect of hs-CRP on eGFR.

著者

大塚 孝夫

出版者

学校法人 開智学園 開智国際大学

雑誌

開智国際大学紀要 (ISSN:24334618)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.105-122, 2017 (Released:2017-11-20)

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国際社会に於ける国家以外の行為主体(アクター)の代表的存在である、政府間国際組織の典型にして最大の国連に関する研究は、従来から国際機構論としてその目的・構成・機能等に的が絞られており、又その延長線上での「国連改革」であろう。しかしながら「国際関係」の舞台での国連の実相は目的・構成・機能を研究することだけでは探求できない。何故なら国連創設をめぐる諸般の世界情勢に端を発し、以来関係各国の思惑や国際政治力学・経済権益、全人類的課題への取り組み姿勢の相違等々、国際社会の様々な現象が国連諸機関の存在そのものの根源に深い影響を与えているからに他ならない。本稿では従って単なる表面上の事象だけではなく、まず国連創設時の時代背景を観察・分析した上で、国連の本質的側面を分野ごとに責任を持つ国連専門機関、なかでも国連工業開発機関(United Nations Industrial Development Organization – UNIDO「注1」)に焦点を当て、設立に到る経緯、特にその外的要因の分析を経て、担当責任分野であるところの国際経済協力・国際開発援助の主だった視点から国際関係, なかんずく多国間関係の本質を考察する。