著者
酒井 弘憲
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
ファルマシア
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.8, pp.800-801, 2014

暑さ真っ盛りである.突然のゲリラ豪雨や竜巻の発生など,10年前には考えられなかったような気候になっている.こんなに暑いと体調を崩したり,亡くなったりする方も多かろう.<br>日本では死亡理由の第1位はがんである.報道でも日本人の2人に1人はがんになるということを見聞きされることであろう.実際にがんセンターの発表でも,生涯で何らかのがんに罹患する確率は,男性で58%,女性で43%とそれぞれ確かに2人に1人の割合である.さらに男性の4人に1人,女性の6人に1人ががんで死亡している.<br>しかし,自分の身の回りで2人に1人という高い割合でがんを患っている人がいるだろうか? 確かに死亡理由でみると2人に1人ががんで亡くなっている.しかし,がんの罹患率をみると完全に年齢に依存しているのである.男女とも50歳代から徐々に罹患が増え始め,60歳代から急増する.同じくがんセンターの公表資料に「現在年齢別がん罹患リスク」がある.例えば,30歳の男性が10年後にがんに罹患する確率はわずか0.5%,20年後に罹患する確率は2%しかないのである.50歳の男性でも10年後にがんに罹患する確率は6%,20年後に罹患する確率は18%なのである.つまり,必要以上にがんに罹ることを怖れることはないというのが今回のお話のオチである.だからといって勝手気ままな生活をして,あえて罹患リスクを高める必要はないわけで,運動や食生活に気を付けてがんに罹りにくくすることが肝要である.<br>しかし,不幸にもがんに罹ってしまった場合,やはり不安に駆られてしまうのが人情であろう.著者は,幸いにも入院するような大病に罹ったことはないが,人一倍臆病なのでそういう状態で入院した場合,看護師さんはきっと天使のように見えることであろう.<br>「クリミアの天使」と呼ばれたフローレンス・ナイチンゲールのことは,皆さんよくご承知のことと思う.しかし,彼女が看護師としての業務に就いたのは,90年の生涯のうち,わずか2年でしかないということをご存じだろうか.
著者
広野 卓蔵 末広 重二 古田 美佐夫 小出 馨
出版者
気象庁気象研究所
雑誌
Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics (ISSN:0031126X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.2, pp.323-339, 1968-10-25 (Released:2012-12-11)
参考文献数
4
被引用文献数
1 2

本研究は本邦の地震予知に関する研究の一環として,高感度地震計の市街地における地震観測方法の改善を最終目的としている。このため,気象庁が現用している電磁式地震計と同一性能の地中地震計を開発し,これを主として地盤の雑微動の実態を解明する目的で観測井(深さ200m)の掘削過程における各種深度面(10,20,50,100,150,200m)に設置して,それぞれ地上との同時比較観測を行った。本論文は観測資料の解析結果,また,地質調査資料について述べる。おもな帰結;(1) 高周波ノイズほど深さと共に減衰し,特に50mまでは著るしい。(2)0.5cps以下の低周波ノイズはほとんど減衰しない。(3) 周期1secの地震計による近地地震の観測を目的とする場合,50m程度の深さで著るしいSN比の改善が期待される。(4) 重錘落下や自動車の通過によるノイズは50mより深くなると問題にならない。
著者
佐藤 宏昭
出版者
一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会
雑誌
Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, no.3, pp.188-193, 2018-06-30 (Released:2018-08-01)
参考文献数
35
被引用文献数
1

Acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss (ALHL) is the most common among the causes of acute sensorineural hearing loss. It is well known that some cases of ALHL eventually develop typical or atypical Meniere's disease. Recently, gadolinium-enhanced inner ear MRI has revealed that endolymphatic hydrops is frequently seen not only in Meniere's disease, including the atypical type, but also in cases of ALHL. Therefore, it can be said that one of the fundamental differences between ALHL and Meniere's disease is whether the condition is episodic or not. We propose to conduct a re-evaluation in the future of the classification of the causes of primary endolymphatic hydrops, such as ALHL and Meniere's disease, by gadolinium-enhanced inner ear MRI, as proposed by Gürkov.
著者
朝長 啓造
出版者
京都大学人文科学研究所総務掛
雑誌
京都大学 附置研究所 ・センター シンポジウム : 京都からの挑戦(第12回) 「地球社会の調和ある共存に向けて」 自由風格(フリースタイル)、京大 -報告書-
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.63-77, 2017-10

日時・場所: 2017年3月11日(土)10:00-17:10 : 石川県文教会館; 主催: 京都大学、京都大学研究連携基盤, 後援: 石川県教育委員会、読売新聞社
著者
高橋 尚子
雑誌
高校教科「情報」シンポジウム2019論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019, pp.53-66, 2019-10-19
著者
松浦 敏雄
雑誌
高校教科「情報」シンポジウム2019論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019, pp.38-51, 2019-10-19
著者
松永 賢次
雑誌
高校教科「情報」シンポジウム2019論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019, pp.23-35, 2019-10-19
著者
辰己 丈夫
雑誌
高校教科「情報」シンポジウム2019論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019, pp.13-22, 2019-10-19
著者
守屋 誠司 寺本 京未 岡部 恭幸 大黒 孝文 Noppawon Theerapuncharoen
出版者
一般社団法人 数学教育学会
雑誌
数学教育学会誌 (ISSN:13497332)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.3, pp.15-26, 2007
被引用文献数
2

創造性の育成を目的とした日本とタイの中学生の遠隔協同総合学習の実際について報告する。2004年11月から2005年1月にかけ,タイ国ラジャパッド地域総合大学アュタヤ校附属中学校と神戸大学発達科学部附属住吉中学校の第3学年生どうしで環境問題を採り上げて,遠隔協同総合学習の教育実験を行った。日本側は「イボニシガイヘの環境ホルモンの影響」を,タイ側は「水の汚染」をお互いに学習・調査し,その結果について交流した。環境問題が遠隔協同総合学習に適切な教材であること,また,聞く立場と発表する立場では,育成される創造性の因子が異なることが示唆された。
著者
ZOU Shan ABUDUWAILI Jilili DING Jianli DUAN Weili DE MAEYER Philippe VAN DE VOORDE Tim
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020-070, (Released:2020-10-05)
被引用文献数
6

It is speculated that floods in many areas of the world have become more severe with global warming. This study describes the 2017 spring floods in Kazakhstan, which, with about six people dead or missing, prompted the government to call for more than 7,000 people to leave their homes. Then, based on the Climatic Research Unit (CRU), the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1, and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) simulations, the seasonal trends of temperature were calculated using the linear least-squares regression and the Mann–Kendall trend test. The correlation between the surface air temperature and atmospheric circulation was explored, and the attributable risk of the 2017 spring floods was evaluated using the conventional fraction of the attributable risk (FAR) method. The results indicate that the north plains of Kazakhstan had a higher (March–April) mean temperature anomaly compared to the south plains, up to 3°C, relative to the 1901-2017 average temperature. This was the primary cause of flooding in Kazakhstan. March and April were the other months with a higher increasing trend in temperature from 1901 to 2017 compared with other months. In addition, a positive anomaly of the geopotential height and air temperature for the March–April 2017 period (based on the reference period 1961-1990) was the reason for a warmer abnormal temperature in the northwest region of Kazakhstan. Finally, the FAR value was approximately equal to 1, which supported the claim of a strong anthropogenic influence on the risk of the 2017 March–April floods in Kazakhstan. The results presented provide essential information for a comprehensive understanding of the 2017 spring floods in Kazakhstan and will help government officials identify flooding situations and mitigate damage in future.
著者
Qijun HUANG Xuyang GE Melinda PENG
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.98, no.6, pp.1335-1352, 2020 (Released:2020-12-18)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
1

In this study, the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model is used to investigate possible influences of a predominantly upper-level easterly wave (EW) on Typhoon Megi's (2010) sharp northward turn on 20 October, 2010 after passing over the Philippines. Observational analysis indicates that an upper-level EW with a cold-cored structure was located to the east of Megi. This EW moved westward along with Megi and modified the large-scale environmental flow around the typhoon, thus affecting its movement. In a control experiment, the sharp northward turn that was observed was captured well by a simulation. The retreat of the subtropical high contributed directly to the poleward steering flow for Megi. Sensitivity experiments were conducted by filtering out the synoptic-scale (3–8-day) signals associated with EWs. In the absence of the upper-level EW, the simulation showed that Megi would not have made a sharp northward turn. Two mechanisms are proposed regarding the impact of the easterly wave on Megi. First, an upper-level EW may have impacted the environmental flows, allowing Megi to move at a slower westward speed so that it entered the eastern semicircle of the nearby monsoon gyre where an enhanced southerly steering flow then led to the typhoon making a sharp northward turn. Second, the diabatic heating and associated cyclonic vorticity induced by the middle-level (around 400 hPa) convergence may have eroded the western flank of the subtropical high in the western North Pacific, causing an eastward retreat of the high-pressure system. The present modeling approach provides a reasonable assessment of the contribution of upper-level wave disturbances to sudden changes in tropical cyclones.
著者
Nathan P. ARNOLD William M. PUTMAN Saulo R. FREITAS
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.98, no.6, pp.1279-1304, 2020 (Released:2020-12-17)
参考文献数
60
被引用文献数
14

A series of 40-day non-hydrostatic global simulations was run with the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model with horizontal grid spacing ranging from 50 km to 3.5 km. Here we evaluate the diurnal cycle of precipitation and organized convection as a function of resolution. For validation we use the TRMM 3B42 and IMERG precipitation products and 4 km merged infrared brightness temperature, focusing on three regions: the contiguous United States (CONUS), the Maritime Continent, and Amazonia. We find that higher resolution has mixed impacts on the diurnal phase. Regions dominated by non-local propagating convection show the greatest improvement, with better representation of organized convective systems. Precipitation in regions dominated by local thermodynamic forcing tends to peak too early at high resolution. Diurnal amplitudes in all regions develop unrealistic small-scale variability at high resolution, while amplitudes tend to be underestimated at low resolution. The GEOS model uses the Grell-Freitas scale-aware convection scheme, which smoothly reduces parameterized deep convection with increasing resolution. We find that some parameterized convection is beneficial for the diurnal amplitude and phase even with a 3.5 km model grid, but only when throttled with the scale-aware approach. An additional 3.5 km experiment employing the GFDL microphysics scheme and higher vertical resolution shows further improvement in propagating convection, but an earlier rainfall peak in locally forced regions.
著者
TAMURA Kenta SATO Tomonori
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020-065, (Released:2020-08-28)
被引用文献数
2

Polar mesocyclones (PMCs) occur frequently over the northern Sea of Japan. In this study, topographic effects on PMC genesis in this region were examined using long-term numerical simulations extending over 36 winter seasons. Sensitivity experiments showed that PMC genesis decreases in the part of the northern Sea of Japan when the mountain region at the eastern end of the Eurasian continent is removed. For example, the generation of PMCs over offshore west of Hokkaido decreases significantly when the mountain range is removed, whereas the generation of PMCs over the Strait of Tartary remains unchanged. According to composite analysis, this result can be attributed to the different responses of subregional oceanic surface wind to the removal of the mountains. In the experiment without mountains, cold air outbreaks from the continent blow directly over the Sea of Japan causing strong westerly winds over the offshore west of Hokkaido. Consequently, PMCs tend to make landfall earlier and before reaching maturity. The uniformly distributed westerly wind also has negative impact on PMC genesis because of weakened horizontal wind shear and meridional temperature gradient. In contrast, the low-level wind over the Strait of Tartary prior to PMC genesis is unaffected by the mountains and thus topographic effects are not required for PMC genesis in this region. These results indicate that the responses of PMCs to topographic forcing has a regional variability.
著者
ZHOU Xingyang WU Liguang LIU Qingyuan ZHENG Yan
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020-063, (Released:2020-08-28)
被引用文献数
3

Previous studies suggested that the entrainment of the low-level, high-entropy eye air can provide additional energy for tropical cyclone (TC) intensification, but the previous trajectory analysis only indicated that considerable air parcels below the eye inversion can be entrained into the eyewall. In this study, the one-minute output data from a semi-idealized experiment are used to quantitatively evaluate the relative importance of the entrainment of the high-entropy eye air by enhancing the eyewall convection. It is confirmed that considerable amount of high-entropy eye air below the eye inversion can be entrained into the eyewall. The entrainment occurs favorably on the quandrants of enhanced eyewall convection and is enhanced in the presence of small-scale disturbances in the inner edge of the eyewall. However, the eyewall air parcels below 3 km experience a fast cycling. There are 84.4 % and 7.7 % eyewall air from the low-level boundary inflow and the middle-level dry environment, respectively. The low-level, high-entropy eye air only accounts for 1.7 % of the eyewall air, while 6.2 % eyewall air remains in the eyewall below 3 km during the 90-minute period. The eye air from the low-level, high-entropy reservoir accounts for 5.8 % of the equivalent potential temperature change below 3 km and 4.5 % of the total mass transport at 3 km in the TC eyewall. This study suggests that the low-level, high-entropy air from the eye has little direct influence on TC intensity through enhancing the eyewall convection by providing relatively small mass and thermodynamic contributions.
著者
宇多 高明 木暮 陽一 平野 一彦 大内 香織 三波 俊郎 熊田 貴之
出版者
Japan Society of Civil Engineers
雑誌
水工学論文集 (ISSN:09167374)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, pp.1325-1330, 2007 (Released:2010-08-25)
参考文献数
8

Numerical simulation using the contour line change model was carried out to restore the sandy beach on the lakeshore in Ukishima area in Lake Kasumigaura. Past aerial photographs were compared to investigate the long-term shoreline changes of the Wadamisaki sand spit formed in the southeast part of the lake. The predominant wave direction of wind waves was determined from the shoreline changes in Ukishima area. Given the wave height predicted using the SMB method and predominant wave direction, the optimum arrangement of groins was determined using the contour line change model considering the effect of grain size changes.
著者
永野 貞子
出版者
東京女子医科大学学会
雑誌
東京女子医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00409022)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.3, pp.244-251, 1965-03