著者

森 達也

出版者

政治哲学研究会

雑誌

政治哲学 (ISSN:24324337)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.30-67, 2014

著者

Toshihiro Akihisa Taisuke Noto Akitomo Takahashi Yukiko Fujita Norihiro Banno Harukuni Tokuda Kazuo Koike Takashi Suzuki Ken Yasukawa Yumiko Kimura

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.11, pp.581-594, 2009 (Released:2009-10-20)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

52 69

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Thirty-one nortriterpenoids, including 28 limonoids (1-28) and 3 degraded limonoids (29-31), and one diterpenoid (32), were isolated from the seed extract of Azadirachta indica (neem). Among these, six were new compounds and their structures were established to be 15-hydroxyazadiradione (3), 7-benzoyl-17-hydroxynimbocinol (5), 23-deoxyazadironolide (12), limocin E (13), 23-epilimocin E (14), and 7α-acetoxy-3-oxoisocopala-1,13-dien-15-oic acid (32). Upon evaluation of compounds 1-32 on the melanogenesis in the B16 melanoma cells, five compounds, 20, 26, 27, 29, and 31, exhibited marked inhibitory effect (74-91% reduction of melanin content at 25 μg/mL) with no or almost no toxicity to the cells. Seven compounds, 1, 6, 9, 10, 18, 20, and 26, on evaluation for their inhibitory effect against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation (1 μg/ear) in mice, exhibited, except for compound 26, marked anti-inflammatory activity (ID50 values 0.09-0.26 mg/ear). In addition, all of the 32 compounds exhibited moderate or potent inhibitory effects (IC50 values of 230-501 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA) against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by TPA. Furthermore, on evaluation of azadirachtin B (21) for its anti-tumor-initiating activity on the two-stage carcinogenesis of mouse skin tumor induced by peroxynitrite (ONOO-; PN) as an initiator and TPA as a promoter, this exhibited marked inhibitory activity.

著者

谷口 聡 Satoshi Taniguchi 高崎経済大学経済学部

雑誌

地域政策研究 = Studies of regional policy (ISSN:13443666)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.33-50, 2014-03-01

著者

沖谷 明紘

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本栄養改善学会

雑誌

榮養學雑誌 (ISSN:00215147)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.119-129, 2002-06-01

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 5

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A review is presented of the recent results mainly obtained by author's studies on the texture, taste and odor of chicken, pork and beef. An organoleptic study revealed that the texture of beef was very similar to that of pork but quite different from that of chicken. The meat-like taste and umami of soup were most intensive with chicken and weakest with beef, the umami of the soup being attributable to glutamic acid and 5'-inosine monophosphate. The organoleptic test panel was unable to identify chicken, pork and beef soups by their tastes, possibly due to the fact that the free amino acid pattern of each soup was similar with these three types of meat. On the other hand, the organoleptic test panel could readily identify chicken, pork and beef by their odor. The meat of Nagoya Cochin chicken was shown to have a unique odor of the meat of aigamo (a crossbreed of domestic and wild ducks). There was no difference in the odor character among the meat from three types of pig, including Kagoshima Berkshire. Wagyu beef from Japanese Black Cattle was found to have a preferable aroma (Wagyu beef aroma) which was sweet and fatty. This Wagyu beef aroma was concluded to be the main reason why the Japanese prefer Wagyu beef to imported beef. The Wagyu beef aroma was generated through unknown reactions between lean meat, fat and oxygen and the subsequent heating process.

著者

松尾 信之介 藤井 宏明 苅山 靖 大山 卞 圭悟

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.287-295, 2011 (Released:2011-12-28)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4

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Changes in the activity of hip adductor muscles with increased running speed were investigated in 4 male sprinters (personal best for 100 m: 10.58±0.26 s). The subjects were instructed to run at three different speeds (3-4 m/s, 6-8 m/s and 9- m/s). The surface electromyograms (EMGs) of 10 muscles around the hip joint were recorded, and whole-body motions were also filmed with a high-speed video camera (150 fps). Regardless of running velocity, the adductor longus (AL) showed activity concomitant with the rectus femoris when the hip joint was in extension. This suggested that the AL functioned as a hip flexor. On the other hand, the adductor magnus (AM) showed activity when the hip joint was flexed, suggesting that the AM assisted hip extensors such as the gluteus maximus. During high-speed sprinting, the AL was also activated when the hip joint was flexed. Similarly, the AM also showed activity when the hip joint was extended, corresponding to the latter half of the support phase. During the support phase, the AM may serve to stabilize the frontal plane by co-contracting with hip abductors such as the gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae. Furthermore, the AL and AM showed increased activity while the hip was fully flexed and extended. This remarkable muscle activity around the flexion-extension reversal point during high-speed sprinting may stabilize the hip joint so that it resists dislocative force through the unique anatomical features of the hip adductor muscles, i.e. “shunt-” rather than “spurt-type” architectural characteristics.

著者

吉村 英孝 塚本 由晴

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.649, pp.751-758, 2010

被引用文献数

6

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The aim of this study is to clarify the criteria of the relationship between building frontage and streetscape through automobile management in suburban areas. First, we chronologically investigated the use, frontage width and building frontage of roadside buildings through map and photos. Secondly, the buildings' ground plan parking arrangements, backyard, and boundaries were examined and analyzed. Thirdly, nine “building front types” in three groups were made clear through similarities found between various characteristics and their arrangements. Next, the ground plans and groups of building frontage types were combined to obtain several “roadside building types”. Following this we could demonstrate the relationship between the “roadside building types” and the generational change of their frontage width as well as quantity. Finally, by comparing chronological change and distribution of streetscape, a framework for discussing the analogical streetscape of roadside building types can be presented.

著者

柿沼 好子

巻号頁・発行日

no.125, 1966

著者

副島 正美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

日本農芸化学会誌 (ISSN:00021407)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.9, pp.739-743, 1962 (Released:2008-11-21)

参考文献数

19

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(1) 活性剤を含まぬ状態の還元型パパィン溶液を簡便に調製する方法として新たにパラチオクレゾール処理法を考案し,その実験条件について検討した. (2) 上の処理によって1個のPCMB反応性SH基が出現し,システインによる活性化の場合と同程度の活性が得られた. (3) 還元型パパインによるゼラチンの分解過程にパパインの酸化に起因する速かな失活がみとめられたが,反応系中に酸化型パパインを還元型の25倍量共存させるとこの失活は防止された. (4) 還元型パパインの活性に対してEDTA, DFP,アルデヒド試薬,カルボベンゾキシアミノ酸類の影響はほとんどみとめられなかった.

著者

下地 啓太 茨木 貴徳

出版者

横浜国立大学大学院 教育学研究科

雑誌

教育デザイン研究 = Journal of education design (ISSN:18847285)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.125-130, 2017-01-31

著者

Takeo Shimasaki Satoko Yamamoto Tomiyasu Arisawa

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.9, pp.1311-1321, 2018-09-01 (Released:2018-09-01)

参考文献数

76

被引用文献数

3 19

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In biological systems, extracellular vesicles including exosomes have recently been revealed to play a significant role in the communication between various cells, and the number of papers on this subject has dramatically increased. In current conventional exosome studies, the standard research method is to use liquid biopsies to analyze extracts of various disease exosomes. However, exosomes are only one of many key players in natural cellular interactions. Reproducing the phenomena occurring in vivo and investigating the interactions are required in order to examine their role fully. For exosome research, an alternative to the liquid biopsy method for observing natural interactions is the co-culturing technique. It does not require an exosome extraction procedure, and while the technique has been used in many studies thus far, its application to exosome research has been limited. However, the use of co-culturing technologies is necessary to examine the essential interactions of exosomes. An overview of exosome research methodologies and co-culturing systems is thus provided here.

著者

長野 壮一

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.12, pp.1-37, 2017 (Released:2018-12-20)

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フランス革命後における中間団体をめぐる政治文化を考える際の基本概念に「団結」と「結社」がある。団結と結社は従来の研究において関連付けて論じられることが多かったが、両概念の連関は必ずしも自明ではない。なぜなら、そもそも刑法典において団結と結社はそれぞれ別の項目で記載されており、また団結と結社のいずれか片方にしか言及していない研究も散見されるためである。先行研究の多くが団結と結社を関連付けて論じた要因として、刑法典における団結禁止規定(第414~416条)の改正について論じる際に従来の研究が主として依拠した史料(立法院委員会による法案趣旨説明)において、結社権への言及が多く見られたという点が指摘できる。そこで本論文は、法案によって示された中間団体認識が同時代における言説体系の中でどのような位置付けにあったのかを解明するため、委員会による趣旨説明にとどまらず、法改正に関連する史料を網羅的に分析した。 その結果として明らかとなったのは次の事実である。法案審議の過程においては、公序の観点から家族的結社を推奨し団結権を否認する立場と、労働の自由の延長として結社権と団結権を肯定する立場が併存していた。しかしながら、最終的に成立した法案はいずれの立場とも完全には相容れず、結社は個々人の利害の集合である団結とは異なり団体としての利害を持つとする認識、並びに団結権は結社権に至る通過点であるとする認識からなる折衷的な立場を取った。法案は時代の趨勢に反し、立法者独自の中間団体認識に立脚していたのである。こうした立法者の戦略は団結権法認を成功へと導くには有効であったが、その一方で結社の法的立場は曖昧なまま残された。団結法改正の過程で示された中間団体認識はその後、第三共和政初期の社会政策において常に問い直される帰結となるだろう。

著者

人見 剛

出版者

早稲田大学法学会

雑誌

早稻田法學 (ISSN:03890546)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.3, pp.639-663, 2020-03-30

著者

大西 巖 延原 久雄 上田 陽

出版者

一般社団法人 溶接学会

雑誌

溶接学会誌 (ISSN:00214787)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.76-81, 1956

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Some deposit metals were made on the mild steel plate and high carbon steel block by A. C arc welding process. Several types of coated electrodes showed in Tablel were used.<BR>Manganese and carbon contents of the deposit made by electrode B were not enough as an austenitic manganese steel. But concerning to the hardness distribution, it was more homogeneous than that of deposit made by electrode A. The microstructures of bottom parts of these deposits adjacent to the mother metal were consist of martensite, sorbite or fine pearlite. Cracks oftenly occured in these parts. Sometimes these crack tendensies were seen at the bottom of the single bead deposited by electrode D or E. But multiplying the deposit three layers or more with electrode D or E, dilution effect by mother metal could be avoided, chemical compositions and (micro structures) of deposit became ideal as the anstenitic high manganese steel.<BR>The single layered bead made by electrode F or C had an anstenitic structure in spite of the dilution by mother metal and cracks at the bottom of the bead seldom occured. But in multilayered deposit cracks occured along dendritic structure oftenly. For these cracks the precipitation of super saturated carbon and the red shortness of the anstenitic manganese steel were considered to be important causes.<BR>The practical manipulation of the electrode became harder with increasing nanganese in electrode core and it's coating. Electrode for single layer use only, therefore, higher manganese content as far as possible to keep the good operating quality is desirable. Electrode such as D and E were suitable to the multi layers uses.<BR>In addition, allowable lover welding current and shorter arc length with constant travelling speed of moderate value were desired in this surfacing.

著者

レイチェル・バード著 狩野美智子訳

出版者

彩流社

巻号頁・発行日

1995

著者

佐々木 英哲 Eitetsu SASAKI 桃山学院大学文学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 = HUMAN SCIENCES REVIEW, St. Andrew's University (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.1-16, 2001-12-10

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Sacvan Bercovitch has clarified in The Rites of Assent that, in stark contrast to European individualism, which is likely to confront society, paradoxically, American individualism has had a share in consensus building and contributed to the Americanization of society. This process is called the American Way. Hester's struggle to multiply the meaning of the letter A in The Scarlet Letter (1850) -from the initial Adultery to Angel and Admirable-does not interfere with the American Way. On the supposition that the nineteenth-century domesticity and gender ideology has stealthily slipped into the seventeenth-century setting of the story, I investigate how Chillingworth the cuckold and Dimmesdale the paramour contribute together to the American Way. Chillingworth is denied the privileges, first, of creating an affectionate, patriarchic family, as evaluated in nineteenth-century America, second, of occupying a patriarchic position, and third, of establishing a male patriarchal gender identity (which he becomes obsessed with retrieving). He becomes all the more sensitive to his own impotency and Abject physique when he sees Pearl, the child of Hester and Dimmesdale. As a "living hieroglyphic," not the Alphabet of the letter A that could be decoded, Pearl is a mere infant-an infant whose etymology is 'incapable of speech'; not the suitable object to be appropriated by the learned man in a prerogative position like Chillingworth, the manipulator of the Language/Logos in the so-called Symbolic of Lacanian psychoanalysis. The author lets the revengeful Chillingworth misuse the nineteenth-century domestic ideology that warned of the threat of that nameless horror represented by the bachelor, i. e., homosexual sex. Chillingworth gains support from this ideology, pretends to be a pious Christian, and takes advantage of the historical fact that the New England colonists were prone to compare men of political power to biblical figures. (For example, Winthrop the first Governor was compared to Moses and Nehemiah, and Cotton the minister was compared to Abraham, Joshuah, and John.) By actually living with minister Dimmesdale on the pretext of treating his psychosomatic condition, Chillingworth creates the sacrosanct family, insinuates domestic ideology, behaves within Dimmesdale's psyche as a sacred father, or punishing super-ego, and thus preys on Dimmesdale with the Oedipal sense of guilt. Psychologically, the old physician confronts the minister as if he were blaming the latter for committing a deed likely to rouse the homophobic, i. e., forming an immature umbilical relation with Hester, mother-goddess-like self-willed woman. To prevent the patriarchy he stands on from backsliding into the pre-Oedipal Eros, and to prevent the basis of patriarchy, i. e., the compulsory heterosexuality, from breaking down, Chillingworth acts as the Law enforcing/castrating father. However, the tactics Chillingworth employs are not flawless in terms of the gender stability he has to maintain. In his observing eyes, Dimmesdale appears to reside in an enviable patriarchic family-the family composed of the minister, Hester, and Pearl, the family exclusive of outsiders. According to Freud's theory of narcissism, Dimmesdale is, first, the model the physician wants to imitate, second, his opponent/persecutor, and third, his homosexual lover. This means that the male gender-apparently based on Emersonian self-reliant man-becomes destabilized, and that the more closely Chillingworth approaches his former state of patriarch, the more difficult it becomes for him to reach his ultimate goal of regaining his masculinity, the gender identity supposedly established on the compulsory heterosexual norm. The author detected the common anxiety shared by the intelligent men of the seventeenth century like Chillingworth and the men of power of the nineteenth century like Hawthorne: the former were fearful of the antinomians who, like Hester, claimed thorough individualism and direct communication with God, and the latter were cautious against those who were influenced by the effect of revolutions in European countries around 1848, and those who imbibed radical concepts of freedom, including proto-feminism and the dismantling of the family. The author lets Chillingworth protect the patriarchy and its foundation of the heterosexual norm and sexism-in a paradoxical way-by robbing him of heterosexuality, letting him remain a bachelor, and uniting him homosexually with Dimmesdale. Chillingworth's homosexual stance is not in conflict with the American Way, i. e., with the cause of preserving the androcentric society, because the heterosexual and the homosexual alike are prone to strive to maintain patriarchy. Punishing and loving the minister, and thus paradoxically placing himself in the American Way, i. e., the patriarchal consensus, Chillingworth barely finds his raison d'etre by forging the Oedipal space of the pseudo-patriarchal-family together with the minister.

著者

馬場 存

出版者

日本音楽医療研究会

雑誌

音楽医療研究 (ISSN:18832547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.13-37, 2008 (Released:2009-11-20)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

2

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統合失調症の概略を、その歴史、症候学、病態、治療について解説した。特にシュナイダーの一級症状、自我障害、基本障害、陰性・陽性症状、認知障害、ストレス脆弱性モデル、器質力動論に力点を置いた。次に英語圏の統合失調症の音楽療法の報告を紹介し、筆者の担当した例を踏まえて統合失調症の音楽療法の奏効機序について仮説を議論した。さらに、今後望まれることとして、量的研究はむろん、その適応や技法の選択、精神病理学的モデルの構築を目指した研究の必要性を論じた。

著者

佐々木 英哲 Eitetsu Sasaki 桃山学院大学国際教養学部

雑誌

英米評論 = ENGLISH REVIEW (ISSN:09170200)

巻号頁・発行日

no.26, pp.47-71, 2012-03-29

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Sacvan Bercovitch has clarified in The Rites of Assent that American individualismhas had a share in consensus building and contributed to theAmericanization of society. This process is called the American Way. IfChillingworth the cuckold and Dimmesdale the paramour contribute together tothe American Way, why did the author hold an emotional and even a somewhatmorbid attachment to Chillingworth?The author lets the revengeful Chillingworth misuse the nineteenthcenturydomestic ideology that warned of the threat of that nameless horror representedby the bachelor, i.e., homosexual sex. Psychologically, the oldphysician confronts the minister as if he were blaming the latter for committinga deed likely to rouse the homophobic, i.e., forming an immature umbilical relationwith Hester, mother-goddess-like self-willed woman. To prevent the patriarchyhe stands on from backsliding into the pre-Oedipal Eros, and to preventthe basis of patriarchy, i.e., the compulsory heterosexuality, from breaking down,Chillingworth acts as the Law enforcing father. By actually living with the ministerDimmesdale on the pretext of treating his psychosomatic condition,Chillingworth creates the sacrosanct family, insinuates domestic ideology, behaveswithin Dimmesdale's psyche as a sacred father, or punishing super-ego,and thus preys on Dimmesdale with the Oedipal sense of guilt.In his observing eyes, however, Dimmesdale appears to reside in an enviablepatriarchic family-the family composed of the minister, Hester, and Pearl,the family exclusive of outsiders. According to Freud's theory of narcissism,Dimmesdale is, first, the model the physician wants to imitate, second, his opponent/ persecutor, and third, his homosexual lover. Chillingworth's homosexualstance is not, however, in conflict with the American Way, i.e., with the cause ofpreserving the androcentric society, because the heterosexual and the homosexualalike are prone to strive to maintain patriarchy.The author detected the common anxiety shared by the intelligent men ofthe seventeenth century like Chillingworth and the men of power of the nineteenthcentury like Hawthorne: the former were fearful of the antinomians who,like Hester, claimed thorough individualism and direct communication with God,and the latter were cautious against those who were influenced by the effect ofrevolutions in European countries around 1848, and those who imbibed radicalconcepts of freedom, including proto-feminism and the dismantling of the family.Therefore, the author lets Chillingworth protect the patriarchy and its foundationof the heterosexual norm and sexism-in a paradoxical way-by robbing him ofheterosexuality, letting him remain a bachelor, and uniting him homosexuallywith Dimmesdale.

著者

太田 紘史

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.143-162, 2019

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<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In his recent book, Takayuki Suzuki proposes a novel physicalist solution toward the hard problem of consciousness, wherein the representationalist analysis of qualia is advanced via incorporating the intrinsic notion of representation. In this review, I critically examine the metaphysical character of his resultant position and present some questions on to what extent it satisfies the core theses of physicalism. The moral to be drawn is the significant tension between physicalism and the phenomenal principle, whose endorsement could misdirect us into troublesome positions in an unexpected manner.</p>

著者

加藤 孝

出版者

日本経営診断学会

雑誌

日本経営診断学会年報

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.106-111, 1978

著者

高島 健

出版者

日本経営診断学会

雑誌

日本経営診断学会年報

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.7-13, 1976