- 著者
-
服部 亜由未
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 人文地理学会
- 雑誌
- 人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.63, no.4, pp.303-323, 2011 (Released:2018-01-23)
- 参考文献数
- 81
- 被引用文献数
-
2
In order to scrutinize the fishery management of Hokkaido in the Taisho and early Showa eras when there were poor herring harvests, this paper focuses on the actions of herring fishery people with special reference to the records of the Minami family.The volume of the herring catch was changing, but the timing of change in the herring harvests differed by region. The herring fishery in Takashima changed dramatically during the Taisho and early Showa eras.Many of the herring fishery laborers were migrant workers. They did not work in the same fishery every year, but moved to other fisheries which gave them better conditions. The maximum concern in the fishery management, therefore, was whether a sufficient supply of very good migrant workers could be secured.How did the Minami fishery procure manpower?Employing workers was generally entrusted to the leader of herring fishermen every year. He called together workers from around his home. However, even as the poor herring catches continued, it was hard to attract workers, and so the managers themselves also came to try to employ fishery workers. The start of this practice corresponded to the year when the entire Minami fishery ran a deficit. From that time on, they went on business trips to Akita Prefecture during the two weeks after the New Year to solicit laborers.How did fishery managers deal with persistent poor catches?First, the location of the herring fishery could be shifted. If it were possible, the Minami fishery could have expanded the fishery into a richer region, but this was impossible. Therefore, it bought raw herring in Sakhalin where there was still a big catch and processed them in Takashima. The system of herring fishery changed from fishing in Takashima to purchasing raw herring from Sakhalin. Second, the Minami fishery tried to make up for the loss of the herring fishery by operating various other fisheries. Not all herring fishery losses could be compensated through this approach, however, so the Minami still had to rely on herring fishing in the following year. Third, fishery managers supplemented their fishing income by operating side businesses. In the case of the Minami family, the management of a public bath and the leasing of houses, lots, and fishery places were important and helped mitigate the various challenges of operating the fishery. It was steady income and made up for the deficits in the fishery.